Govt - (Fa 1,2&3, Sa1, Model Pre-final Paper With Key) Physical Science- 2024
Govt - (Fa 1,2&3, Sa1, Model Pre-final Paper With Key) Physical Science- 2024
FA-1-ANSWER SHEET
1mark Questions:
1. State the principle of method of mixtures.
A. Principle of method of mixture or principle of calorimetry is “Net heat lost (by hot
body) = Net heat gain (by cold body).”
2. The refractive index of glass respect to air is 2. Then the critical angle of
glass-air interface is __________. [C ]
2mark Questions:
3A. How do you appreciate the role of the higher specific heat of water in
stabilizing atmospheric temperature during winter and summer seasons?
A. We must appreciate the role of higher specific capacity value of water.
1) In stabilizing atmospheric temperature around water bodies during
winter and summer seasons
2) In helping the transportation of heat that is received from the sun to
maintain the global temperature at steady level
3) Oceans moderate the surrounding temperature near the equator.
3B. Plaster of Paris should be stored in moisture – proof container.
Explain why?
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A. i) Plaster of Paris (CaSO42 H2O) is a powdered substance available after
strongly heating the gypsum.
ii) As water is added to it, then it will become hard solid gypsum by increasing
water of crystallization to form as (CaSO4 2H 2O)
4mark Questions:
4A. Explain the formation of mirages.
A. Formation of mirage:
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4B. Compounds such as alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen but are not
categorized as acids. Describe an activity to prove it.
A. Aim: To observe the conductivity of acids, basic solutions, glucose and alcohol
solutions.
Materials required: glucose solution, alcohol solution, hydrochloric acid
solution, sulphuric acid solution, NaOH solution, two different coloured electric
wires, two graphite rods ,100ml beaker,230 Volts AC plug, and a bulb
Description& Procedure:
1) Connect two different coloured electrical wires to graphite rods separately in
a 100ml Becker as shown.
2) Connect free ends of the wire to 230 volts AC plug and complete the circuit
by connecting a bulb to one of the wires.
3) Prepare solutions of glucose, alcohol, hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide solutions separately in different beakers.
4) Now add HCl solution in the beaker and switch on the current we observe
bulb is glowing brightly.
5) Now replace the beaker with glucose solution & switch the current we
observe the bulb is not glowing at all.
6. As we take alcohol solution and switch on the current there is no sign of
glowing bulb.
7. We observe bulb is glowing again up on switching on the current while the
beaker is replaced by NaOH solution.
Conclusion:
1) We observed that Acids & Bases produce ions in their aqueous solution and
conduct current.
2) Whereas glucose & Alcohol did not produce ions in their aqueous solution
even though they contain hydrogen so they cannot conduct current.
5. Observe the refractive indices of materials and answer the following Observe
the refractive indices of materials and answer the following questions.
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c) In the table, in which material medium speed of light is less?
d) Whether the refracted ray bends towards normal or away from the
normal when light ray travelled from Water to Kerosene.
A. a) Refractive index have no units in S.I, it is only a ratio.
b) From table we can have, water has less refractive index than rock salt.
So, the speed of light decreases, when light travels from water to rock salt.
c) Diamond has highest refractive index so speed of light through it is less.
d) From table refractive index of water is less than refractive index of kerosene,
so light will bend towards normal when it travels from water to kerosene.
FA-2-ANSWER SHEET
1mark Questions:
1. Write the lens formula?
1 1 1
A. Lens formula = - where, f represents focal length, U-distance of object,
f V U
V-distance of image.
2. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the L–shell
of an atom is __________. [C ]
A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16
2mark Questions:
3A. Draw a ray diagram for the image formed by a convex lens when an object is
kept at 2F2.
A. Object placed at 2F2
When an object is placed at 2F2 on the principal axis,
Characteristics: you will get an image at 2F1 which is real, inverted and of
the same size as that of object.
3B. The differentiating electron in an atom has the following set of quantum
numbers.
n l ml ms
3 0 0 +½
Now answer the following questions.
a) Which orbital does this electron belongs to?
b) Write the name of the element.
A. i) This electron belongs to 3s orbital.
ii) The electronic configuration of this element is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1
iii) The atomic number of this element is Z= 11.so it refers sodium.
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4mark Questions:
4A. Explain the formation of rainbow.
A.
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Trend in
S.No. Periodic Property Groups from Periods from
Top to Bottom Left to Right
Increases from Decreases from
a Atomic radius
top to bottom left to right
Decreases from increases from
Ionization Energy
b top to bottom left to right
decreasing from increasing from
c Electron affinity
top to bottom left to right
Decreases from increases from
d Electronegativity
top to bottom left to right
SA-1-ANSWER SHEET
1mark Questions:
1. Write lens formula.
1 1 1
A. Lens formula = - where, f represents focal length, U-distance of object,
f V U
V-distance of image.
2. What is nlx method?
A. The short hand notation consists of the principle energy level (n value), the letter
representing sublevel (l value) and number of electrons (x) in the sub shell is written
as super script as shown
Is called nl x method
Usage:
This nl x notation is used to represent the position of every electron around the
nucleus and also to write electronic configuration.
A. Na – 23
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5. Draw the shape of s-orbital.
A.
2mark Questions:
9. Take a bright metal ball and make it black with soot in a candle flame.
Immerse it in water. How does it appear and why?
A. i) We know that soot of the candle flame is oily & pluffy, that is it contain air in
between its layers.
ii) When a metal ball blackened with soot of candle flame is kept immersed
in water, the surface of metal ball does not look black, interestingly it
appears silvery and shiny.
iii) After immersing the metal ball coated with soot, the layers of soot will be
soaked with water and locked air in between its layers will surface as
small bubbles.
iv) The air layer present on surface of soot causes the light ray’s incident on
it along the water to pass through air and undergo TIR. (Since water is
denser medium than air)
v) Hence the surface of soot appears silvery and shining with reflected light
due to TIR until the air bubbles leave the soaked soot surface.
10. Observe the table and answer the following questions.
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a) Which metal is best for cooking utensils? Why?
b) Which metal can gain or lose heat slowly?
A. a) Copper, because it is safe for human health and having low specific heat
capacity.
b) Aluminium is the slow heated up metal among the given.
11. Harsha tells siddhu that the double convex lens behaves like a convergent
lens. But siddhu known that Harsha’s assertion is wrong and corrected
through by asking some questions what are the questions asked by siddhu?
A. Double convex lens behaves like both convergent and divergent lens. Harsha
has no idea about it. To give him idea siddhu asked following questions.
i) What happens when a ray of light travels from rare to denser medium?
ii) What happens when ray of light travels from denser to rarer medium?
iii) When a double convex lens placed Air, rays travelling parallel to principal
axis where they meet and why?
iv) When a Double convex lens placed in liquid whose refractive index is
more than glass, rays travelling parallel to principal axis where they
meet and why?
v) Do you get virtual image or real image when an object is placed in
between 2F & F of a convex lens?
vi) Do you get virtual image or real image when an object is placed F of a
convex lens?
vii) Do you get virtual image or real image when an object is placed in
between F & O of a convex lens?
4mark Questions:
12A.Draw ray diagram of convex lens for the following positions and explain
the nature and position of image.
i) Object is placed at F2 ii) Object is placed at 2F2
A) i) Object is presented at F2
Characteristics: you will get an image at 2F1 which is real, inverted and of
the same size as that of object.
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12B.Draw a neat diagram showing acidic solution in water conducts electricity.
A.
8mark Questions:
15A.Write the differences between evaporation and boiling.
A.
Evaporation Boiling
1) Process of changing liquid to 1) Process of changing liquid to
vapor. vapor.
2) It happens at all temperatures. 2) It happens at specific
3) Remaining liquid will be cooled. temperature.
4) Bubbles will not take place. 3) Remaining liquid will not be
5) It is surface phenomenon. cooled.
4) Bubbles will take place.
5) It is a bulk phenomenon.
(OR)
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15B.Explain the correction of the eye defect Myopia.
A.
i) distant objects are not visible clearly ii) objects beyond new far point M not
seen clearly.
iii) Objects present at new far point M are iv) Objects before new far point M
seen clearly only visible clearly
i) Some people cannot see objects at long distance but can see nearby objects
clearly.
This type of defect in vision is called ‘myopia’. It is also called ‘near sightedness’
(or) long sight defect
ii) For these people image is formed in front of retina
iii) For these people the maximum focal length is less than 2.5 cm.
iv) To correct myopia, we use bi-concave lens (diverging lens)
Correction of myopia:
16A.Define the modern periodic Law. Discuss the construction of the long form
of the periodic table.
A. Mosley’s (or) modern periodic law:
1) The physical & chemical properties of elements will be periodic functions of
their atomic numbers.
2) It contains 18 group and 7 periods.
3) Basing on outer most configuration the periodic table is classified in to
i) s block: IA & IIA elements are containing their valency electrons in s
sublevel.
ii) p block: IIIA to VIII group elements are containing their valency
electrons in p sublevel.
iii) s, p block elements are called representative elements
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iv) d block: IIIB to IIB group elements are containing their valency
electrons in d sublevel d block elements are called transition elements.
v) f block: Lanthanoids and Actinoids are called f block elements. They
are containing their valency electrons in f sublevel.
16B.Explain the significance of three quantum numbers in predicting the
positions of an electron in an atom.
A. The three quantum numbers n, l , ml describe the energy, shape and orientation
respectively, of an atomic orbital. but ms represent spin which is intrinsic
property of electron.
1) Principal Quantum Number (n):
The principal quantum number is related to the size and energy of the main
shell and it is denoted by n. ‘n’ has positive integer values of 1, 2, 3,…
shell K L M N
n 1 2 3 4
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Procedure:
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Procedure:
1) Take laser light. Send it through the interface at point O and observe the
way of laser light coming from other side
2) Send Laser light along a line which makes150 and measure its
corresponding angle of refraction,
3) Do the same for the angles of incidence such as 200,300,400,500 and 600 and
note the corresponding angles of refraction in the table.
Observations:
i) We observe that from the table as the values of i increasing leads to r
values to increase.
ii) Finally, we will get sin i / sin r as a constant ratio in every observation.
Conclusion: The value sin i / sin r gives us the refractive index of the glass.
FA-3-ANSWER SHEET
1mark Questions:
1. Why do we consider tungsten as a suitable material for making the filament
of a bulb?
A. Tungsten has high melting point, high resistance and high luminous efficiency.
This is the reason for using the tungsten as filament in an electric bulb.
2. What type of magnetic pole is formed at the face that has flow of current as
shown in figure?
A. According to right hand rule we get north pole on the given face as shown.
2mark Questions:
3A. Rajkumar said to you that the magnetic field lines are open and they start
at north pole of bar magnet and end at south pole. What questions do you
ask Rajkumar to correct him by saying “field lines are close”?
A. Rajkumar said to you that the magnetic field lines are open and they start at
north pole of bar magnet and end at the south pole then we may ask the following
questions to correct Rajkumar
i) When you plot magnetic lines of force around a bar magnet what did you
observe?
ii) How lines of force are travelling around the bar magnet outside around it?
iii) How these lines of force might be travelling inside the bar magnet?
iv) How the magnetic influence will take place inside the bar magnet?
v) If the field lines are closed, why they are ending at south pole?
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vi) If they are open, how can you find the direction of magnetic field lines?
vii) As they are starting at north pole of bar magnet and end at south pole field
lines are closed.
3B) What is thermite process? Mention its applications in daily life?
A. 1) When highly reactive metals such as Na, Mg, Ca, Al are used as reducing
agents they displace metals of lower reactivity from their compound.
2) These displacement reactions are highly exothermic. The amount of heat
evolved is so large that the metals produced in molten state.
3) The reaction of iron oxide, with (Fe 2O3) aluminium is used to join railings of
railway tracks or cracked machine parts. This reaction is known as the
thermite reaction.
4mark Questions:
4A. State Ohm’s laws suggest an experiment to verify it and explain the
procedure.
A. Ohm’s Law: The current through a conductor element is proportional to the
potential difference applied between its ends, provided the temperature remains
constant.
V=IR (Where R is constant) Here R is resistance and is measured in Ohms.
Verification of Ohm’s law:
Aim: To verify Ohm’s law, to show that ration V/I is a constant for a conductor.
Materials required: 6V Battery eliminator, 0 to 1A Ammeter,0-6V volt meter,
copper wires,50cm manganin wire, Rheostat, switch and 3V LED, etc
Procedure:
i) Connect a circuit as shown in figure,
ii) By using the rheostat adjust the potential difference 1V between two ends of
manganin wire. Now observe the electric current through the Ammeter in the
circuit. Note the readings of current from ammeter and potential difference
from voltmeter in table.
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S.No Potential difference (V) Current (I) V/I
1
2
3
4
5
iii) Repeat the same by increasing the potential difference V up to 4.5V by
adjusting the rheostat.
Record the values of potential difference (V) and current (I) corresponding to
each case in the table.
iv) Find V/I for each set of values.
v) We observe that the ratio V/I is a constant.
vi) If we plot a graph between V and I taking the current (I) along y-axis and
potential difference (V) along x-axis with appropriate scale we get a straight-
line graph passing through the origin as shown in figure. Thus, Ohm’s law is
verified.
Precautions:
i) Make sure that leads of connecting wires are properly scratched to ensure
the continuity
ii) Connect the components careful in the order as given in the circuit.
iii) Note the values of Ammeter and volt meter readings when the pointer is
stable, note the readings without parallax error.
(OR)
4B) Explain the formation BeCl2 molecules using hybridisation?
A. i) Linus Pauling proposed the concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals.
ii) This theory proposes the concept of Hybridization or intermixing of orbitals.
inter mixing of 1S + 1P ⎯⎯→ 2 SP hybrid orbitals
1S + 2P ⎯⎯→ 3 SP2 hybrid orbitals
1S + 3P ⎯⎯→ 4 SP3 hybrid orbitals
iii) Hybridization:
The process in which orbitals of slightly different energies mix-up with each
other resulting same number of new set of orbitals of equivalent energies and
shape.
formation BeCl2
i) Electronic configuration of Be=1s2,2s2
ii) In excited state Be produce the electron configuration Be=1s2,2s1, 2p x 1
iii) Be will undergo hybridization and hybridize 1s and 1px orbital to produce
two SP hybrid orbitals.
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iv) Be will take part in bonding with two SP-hybrid orbitals,
v) Electronic configuration of Cl =1s2,2s2,3s2, 3px2,3py2,3pz1
vi) When Be combines with two chlorine atoms then two pz orbitals tend to
overlap end to end with two SP-hybrid orbitals as shown in diagram
forming sigma bonds resulting BeCl2molecule.
BeCl2
Bauxite Pyrolusite
Al2O32H2O PbS
A.
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7. Write any two uses of electromagnetism in daily life?
A. i) We are using electromagnetism in electric motors to convert electric energy
in to mechanical energy.
ii) Electromagnetism is used in loud speakers to convert electric signals in to
soundwaves.
iii) Using Electromagnetism, we can prepare strong electromagnets which are
useful to lift heavy loads in the industries and ship yards.
iv) Magnetic effects of electric current are utilized in the working of electric bell
like instruments.
8. Ravi and Ramu suffered from the eye problem and went to the doctor. The
doctor suggested that they use the following types of power of lens. Observe
the information and answer the following questions.
2mark Questions:
9. Guess the role of specific heat capacity in the following situations.
a) In keeping a watermelon cool for long time after removing it from a
fridge?
b) In making Oceans to behave like heat store houses for the earth.
A. a) In keeping a watermelon cool for long time after removing it from a
fridge.
Water has high specific heat capacity.
* So, it makes water melon to absorb more heat from surroundings
without much rise in temperature.
* Hence water melon remains cool for long time even after removing
from fridge.
b) In making Oceans to behave like heat store houses for the earth.
Water has high specific heat capacity.
* So, it makes oceans to absorb more heat from sun without much
rise in temperature.
* Hence Oceans behave like heat store houses for the earth.
10. What happens when a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol?
A. Ethanol on reacting with Na metal will form Sodium ethoxide and liberates
Hydrogen gas.
2 C2H5OH + 2Na → 2 C2H5O-Na+ + H2
Ethanol Sodium Sodium ethoxide Hydrogen
(Ethyl alcohol)
Explanation:
1) When a small piece of sodium metal is put into ethanol in a dry test-tube.
“Rapid effervescence” due to the evolution of hydrogen gas is produced.
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2) The hydrogen gas produced can be tested by burning splinter. When a
burning splinter is brought near the mouth of the test-tube, the gas (burns)
put off the flame with a pop sound which is a characteristic of hydrogen gas.
3) This show that the gas produced by the action of sodium metal on ethanol is
hydrogen.
11. What is meant by Presbyopia explain its correction.
A. i) Presbyopia is vision defect when the ability of accommodation of eye usually
decreases with ageing.
ii) This happens due to the gradual weakening of ciliary muscles and
diminishing flexibility of the eye-lens.
iii) This defect can be seen in aged people. Sometimes a person may suffer from
both myopia and hypermetropia with ageing.
Correction:
i) To correct this type of defect of vision we need bi-focal lenses which are
formed using both convex and concave lenses.
ii) Its upper portion consists of concave lens and lower portion consists of the
convex lens.
4mark Questions:
12. Draw any one of the following diagrams.
A) Draw a neat diagram of an A.C generator? Label its parts?
A. The device which is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy is
called AC dynamo.
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B) Which furnace used for Roasting? Draw this furnace and label the
parts?
A. Generally, reverberatory furnace is used for roasting.
13. Observe the refractive indices of materials and answer the following Observe
the refractive indices of materials and answer the following questions.
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c) Chlorine has shortage of one electron to get octet in its valence shell
d) So, it gains the electron that was lost by Na to form anion and gets electron
configuration of Argon (Ar).
Cl + e− ⎯⎯→ Cl−
e) These oppositely charged ions get attracted towards each other due to
electrostatic forces and form the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) or
NaCl
Na +(g ) + Cl −(g ) ⎯⎯→ Na + Cl −(s ) or NaCl
8mark Questions:
15A. Explain the following.
i) Refraction ii) Laws of Refraction.
iii) Total internal reflection iv) Conditions for total internal reflection
v) Critical angle
A. i) Refraction: Bending of light at the interface separating two media.
ii) Laws of refraction:
a) During refraction light follows Snell’s law
n1 Sini=n2 Sin r or Sini/Sin r =constant
b) The incident ray, refracted ray and normal to the interface of two media
at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
iii) Total internal reflection: When light ray is travelling from denser medium
to rarer medium the light ray incident in denser medium with angle greater
than critical angle will reflect back into same medium. This phenomenon is
called total internal reflection.
iv) Condition for total internal reflection:
i) The light ray should be travelling from denser medium to rarer
medium
ii) The light ray should incident in denser medium with angle greater
than critical angle.
v) Critical angle: When light ray is travelling from denser medium to rarer
medium the angle of incidence for which angle of refraction is 900 is
called critical angle.
(OR)
15B.i) Deduce the expression for the equivalent resistance of three resistors
connected in parallel.
ii) A house has 3 tube lights, two fans and a Television. Each tube light draws-
40W. The fan draws 80W and the Television draws 60W. On the average, all
the tube lights are kept on for five hours, two fans for 12 hours and the
television for five hours every day. Find the cost of electric energy used in 30
days at the rate of Rs.3.00 per KWh.
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A. i) Consider three resistors R1, R2 & R3 Connect them in parallel to an electric
cell as shown below.
a) For the parallel combination we know that the total current following
into the combination is equal to sum of current passing through
individual resistors.
b) The p.d is same in all resistors connected in the circuit as shown.
c) The current (I) is divided into I1, I2, I3 which flows through resistors
R1, R2, R3 respectively.
d) Similarly
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16A.How do you find the focal length of a Convex lens experimentally?
A. Aim: Determination of focal length of a given convex lens using u-v method.
Apparatus: Convex lens, V-stand, Screen, Illuminating source, meter scale.
Principle: (1/f) = (1/v) + (1/u) (for real image)
Therefore f = uv/ (u+v)
Procedure:
Take a V-stand and place it on a long (nearly 2m ) table at the middle place A
convex lens on the V-stand. Imagine the principle axis of the lens.
i) Light a candle and place it at a distance ‘u’ along principal axis of the lens.
ii) Adjust a screen, which is on other side of lens until you get clear image on it.
ii) Measure the distance of the image ‘v’ from the stand of lens
iii) Repeat this by taking the object at a distances 60cm. 50cm. 40cm, 30cm,
etc., respectively and note ‘v values” in the table.
S.no Object Image uv
distance (u) distance (v) Focal length f =
u+v
uv
We calculate f = in every reading
u+v
There are some experimental errors, to avoid them take mean of f’s then it gives
the focal length of the given lens.
Precautions:
1) Make sure that lens-stand, Screen, and Illuminating source are along same
straight line.
2) Measure the distances u and v only after, making sure that image obtained
is sharp.
3) Measure the distances without parallax error.
(OR)
16B.Suggest an experiment to prove that the presence of air and water are
essential for corrosion. Explain the procedure.
A.
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Aim: Investigating the conditions under which iron rusts. (or) To find the
conditions under which metals corrode (or) How water and oxygen with helped in
the rusting of iron.
Apparatus: Three test tubes, a few polished nails, water, oil, anhydrous calcium
chloride, corks, Boiled water.
Procedure:
i) Take three test tubes and place clean iron nails in each of them. Label these
test tubes as A, B and C.
ii) In test tube A, pour some water and cork it.
iii) In test tube B, pour some boiled distilled water and add about 1mL of oil and
cork it.
iv) In test tube C, put some anhydrous calcium chloride and cork it.
v) Leave these nails in their respective test tubes for few days.
Observation:
i) The nails in the test tube A affected by rust.
ii) The nails in the test tube B and C were not affected by rust.
Precautions: See that iron nails in test tube A should be in contact with both Air
and water. And iron mails in test tube C free from air and moisture.
Explanation:
i) The boiled distilled water in the test tube B did not have any oxygen and the
layer of oil also prevented oxygen which being dissolved in the water. Since
there was no oxygen and the nail was not affected rust.
ii) The anhydrous calcium chloride in the test tube C absorbed moisture from
the air in the test tube and therefore the nails were not affected by rust.
iii) In the test tube A, the nails are exposed to both air and water and therefore
the nails got coated with reddish - brown rust.
Conclusion: From the above experiment we can conclude that both air and water
are necessary for rusting of iron.
17A.Explain the cleansing action of soap.
A.
Soap molecule
Cleansing action of soap:
1) dirt is mainly greasy matter. (or) oily substance
2) the soap molecules are arranged radially with hydrocarbon ends directed
inwards into the greasy matter and ionic part directed outwards into water.
3) When a dirty cloth is inserted in the solution then the hydrocarbon part
sticks to the dirt or oil.
4) With a little agitation the dirt particles get entrapped by the soap micelles
and get dispersed in water due to which the soap water gets dirty and the
cloth gets cleaned.
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5) Soap has one polar end (the end with carboxy) (-COO- Na+) and one non-
polar end (C17H33)
6) The polar end is hydrophilic in nature and this end is attracted towards
water.
7) When soap is dissolved in water, its hydrophobic ends attach themselves to
dirt and remove it from the cloth.
Mechanism of soap action including micelle formation:
1) Soap molecule contains the hydrophobic end of the soap molecules move
towards the dirt or grease particle.
2) The hydrophobic ends attached to the dirt particle and try to pull out.
3) The molecules of soap surround the dirt particle at the centre of the cluster
and form a spherical structure called micelle.
4) These micelles remain suspended in water like particles in a colloidal
solution.
We observe that the various micelles present in water do not come together
to form a precipitate as each micelle repels the other because of ion-ion
repulsion. Hence dirt particles remain trapped in micelles and rinsed with
water.
(OR)
17B.Explain the formation of the following molecules using valence bond theory
i) N2 molecule ii) O2 molecule
A. I) Formation of N2 molecule:
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iii) The two px orbitals tend to overlap end to end forming sigma bond.
Two py orbitals tend to overlap from sides forming pi- bond, and two pz
orbitals tend to overlap from sideways forming pi- bond as shown
resulting tripple bond forming Nitrogen molecule.
II) Formation of O2
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