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Chemistry Revision

The document provides an overview of organic chemistry, focusing on hydrocarbons, specifically alkanes and alkenes, including their structures, properties, and differences. It explains fractional distillation for separating crude oil into useful fractions based on boiling points and introduces isomers and the cracking process for breaking down long hydrocarbons. Key examples and formulas are provided for clarity.

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Margaux Kupp
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5 views2 pages

Chemistry Revision

The document provides an overview of organic chemistry, focusing on hydrocarbons, specifically alkanes and alkenes, including their structures, properties, and differences. It explains fractional distillation for separating crude oil into useful fractions based on boiling points and introduces isomers and the cracking process for breaking down long hydrocarbons. Key examples and formulas are provided for clarity.

Uploaded by

Margaux Kupp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revision Chemistry B-test 4

Organic chemistry: A branch of chemistry which deals with carbon-based compounds. These
compounds are associated with living organisms.
Hydrocarbon: Organic molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen. (Alkanes, Alkenes etc.)
Alkanes: Hydrocarbons that only have single C-C bonds (CnH2n+2)
Alkenes: Hydrocarbons that have at least one double C=C bond and single C-C bonds (CnH2n)

Alkanes Alkenes
Single C-C bonds Double C=C bonds
Saturated (only single C-C bonds, maximum Unsaturated
number of hydrogens)
Solid (most often) Liquid
CnH2n+2 (e.g. C2H6) CnH2n (e.g. C2H4)
On addition of bromine water alkanes remain On addition of bromine water alkenes become
orange clear

As the length of carbon chain increases within an alkane, the boiling point increases.
Number of Start of name
• A mixture of hydrocarbons of different lengths.
carbons in
• Extracted out the crust of the Earth by fuel companies
longest chain
(Shell, BP, Exon etc.)
• Environmental issues? 1 Meth

In fractional distillation, crude oil is inserted into a fractionating 2 Eth


column (distiller) in order to separate the mixture of hydrocarbons into
individual fractions, as they all have different boiling points. Fractions 3 Prop
with low boiling points evaporate and condense at the top of the
column. Fractions with high boiling points evaporate and condense at 4 But
the bottom of the column. This method helps to separate crude oil into
useful fractions. 5 Pent

6 Hex

7 Hept

8 Oct

9 Non

Isomers: molecules with the same molecular formula but different 10 Dec
arrangement in space e.g : C6H14
Cracking is the process where in the presence of heat, long hydrocarbons make intro smaller alkanes
and alkenes. Ex: C30H62  C2H6 + C3H8 + C25H50

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