1

Some

The
questions must be answered with
answer, put a line through the box

table

radio
waves
showsan incomplete

microwaves
Answer ALL

electromagnetic

A
questions.

cross in a box

spectrum.

visible
.
If you change your mind about

and then mark your new answer with a cross

B gamma
. an
nnKN

light X-rays
rays

Two parts of the

electromagnetic spectrum are missing.
The mising parts are labeled A
and B.

(a) (0) Name the part labelled A.

(1)
Infraed
(ii) Name the part
labelled B.

Utra viokt (1)

(b) (0) Give a use of

microwaves.

microwaves be (1)

Commuhiahim
*******
(i) Give a use of
gamma rays.

Can (1)

Cancer cells and bacheria

(Total for Question 1 =4marks)

 supply.
electricity
tothemains
heater connected
shows an
electric

Thephotograph

(Source: O Yevhen Prozhyrko / Shutterst

which breaks th
with a circuit breaker,
to is fitted
The circuit the heater is connected
if the current gets
too high.
circuit
using a fuse.
of using a circuit breaker instead of
(a) Give an advantage

Circuit bye eer ave Yesetable

(b) The voltage of the mainselectricity supply is 230V.

(0) State the formula linking power, current and voltage.

(1)

P=IxV
() The normal operating current of the heater is 11 A.

Calculate the input power to the heater for this current.

Give your answer in kW.

(3)

P= |) x 230
P= 2530/ooo
P= 2.S3kw
power = 2.53 kw

(c) The circuit breaker has arating of 16A.

may before reaches normal

Suggestareason why the heater switch off it its

operating current.
(1)

The becaue e
Suitch

temjerae nreaes yrakiy He calvent hiyr

(Total for Question 2 =6 marks)

 The

(b)

3 In 1947, the Railton Mobil Special was the first ground vehicle to achieve a speed of

more than 400 miles per hour.

(a) During a test, the vehicle travelled at a speed of 403 miles per hour.

() Calculate a speed of 403 miles per hour in metres per second (m/s).
[1mile =1600m]
d=641800 (2)

V= disbve/
time
| 3600Secnals

03 nie - 03l600 |V-64Y903600

=644800 meters
|v=180ms
1 hour = lx60x60 se( onols

speed = m/s

(i) During the test, the vehicle travelled past two markers.
The markers were placed a known distance apart.

Describe how these markers could be used to determine the speedof

the vehicle.
(3)

Measwe te ds ene
Measre Hime sbpuateh
Calcuate e sped
speed sy he tmala
ve dislahe Hime
 The diagram shows the vehicle travelling at a constant speed.
(b)

direction of travel

air vesistae + driving force

One of the horizontal forces acting on the vehicle has been drawn.

force
Complete the diagram by drawing a labelledarrow for the other horizontal

acting on the vehicle.

(3)

(Totalfor Question 3 =8marks)

 The
(c)
4 This question is about the Sun.

(a) The table showsthe different stages in the evolution of stars of different masses.

Complete the table by adding ticks

in the life cycle of the
() to show which stagesof evolution occur
Sun.
(4)

Stage of evolution Occurs in the life cycle of theSun

black hole

main sequence

nebula

neutron star
X
red giant

red supergiant
X
supernova

white dvwarf

(b) When viewed from Earth, the surface of the Sun

is yellow in colour.
The surface of another star, Betelgeuse, is red in colour.

Explain the difference between the Sun and

colours of their surfaces.
Betelgeuse, based on the different

(2) Is

The Sun
beklgeoseColor becaue He
betalgu is Ved Meas it hay
)ower temar are
 (c)The Sun transfers energy to the Earth by radiation.

() Givea reason why eneray is not transferred from the Sun to the Earth by

conduction or convection.
(1)

In spa hare is hoi ValCW So

Con Vee hin

take plece

sensitive equipment that can be

(ii) A satellite orbiting the Earth contains
damaged if it gets too hot.
surface of the
be most appropriate for the outer
Explain which colour would
satellite to protect the equipment. (2)

bad absorber a
whik becauye

LnpaYed Vadahicn

TH

IN

1TE
5 A student needs to determine the density of some small rocks that appear to all be
made of the same material.

(Source: O Chake / Shutterstock)

(a) The student decides to measurethe mass and the volume of

each rock.
Describe a method the
student could use to accurately
the volume of each determinethe mass and
rock.

You may draw adiagram to help your

answer.

(5)

Measare mass
Measuye using nes bal ane
Vown eurelea
euata
dispkce mnend
ne Cilindo, UA M
mathody satret
Yoces Samerse he
to
Ve caVejally avoid
splaskig.
dansiy nass) volne
dersig
b fnd he
 (b) The table shows the student's results forthree of the rocks.

Rock Mass in g Volume in cm'

A 15 6.3

B 13 6.1

WE 16 7.5

NOT

DO () State the formula linking density, mass and volume.

(1)

densty= Volwre

(i) After looking at the data,the student concludes that one of the rocks may be
made of a different material from the others.
AREA

Using the data from the table, justify the student's conclusion.
THIS (4)
IN

WRITE
Rock A has Densiky a.1alcm
Rock B has Desih 2lqlom3
NOT

DO
Rock Che ensi 2.lqlom3

Rock A

AREA
ad dilwenk
becaws
ren e s datuig

THIS

IN

WRITE

NOT
 a semicircular glass block.
ofgreen light entering
6 The diagram shows two rays

normal

A
1608

(a) (i) Measurethe angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for ray A as it
enters the glass block.

(2)

angle of incidence = degrees

angleof refraction = 160 degrees

(ii) State the formulalinking
refractive index, angle of incidence and angle
of refraction.

Sin i (1)

Sin Y
(ii) Calculate the refractive
index of the glass.

(3)

hsl0
sinl60 h=).9

n .g719
 (b) (0)
Complete the path of ray A
until it crosses ray B.
Label the pointwherethe
rays cross with the letter F.

(2)
(i) The refractive index of glass for
red light is lowerthan for green light.
Explain what would happen to point F if red light were used instead of
green light.

You may draw a diagram to

help your answer.

(3)

The Ved has

9Yeoh
\igd lngr aela
qYeen lig,HMel
cn hare lony waveleyh
NOT verqchie jhdex
DO

(Total for Question 6=11 marks)

A
 characteristics of an unknown
the voltage-current
7 A student investigates
component, X.

to investigate component X.
(a) The studentis giventhis equipment

battery

variable resistor

ammeter

voltmeter

connecting wires

containing the battery and

The diagram shows an incompletecircuit
component X.
the studentcould use for
Complete the diagram by drawing a circuit

their investigation. (4)

-- x
(b) The graph shows the results of the investigation.

3 -

Current
in mA 2

0
3 4 5 6
2
1
Voltage in V

(i) Drawa line of best fit on the graph.

(1)

4.2 V.
(ii) Calculate the resistance of component X when the voltage is

Give the unit.

(5)

2-2.4 K

R R=1g
.45-8 ohmt
 (ii) Which of these is equivalent to 4.2V?

(1)
A 4.2coulombs per second (C/s)

B 4.2 seconds per joule (s/J)

DC4.2joules per second (J/s)

D 4.2 joules per coulomb (0/C)

(iv) The student concludes that component X is a filament lamp.

Comment on the student's conclusion.

(Opoancan be filaee
(2)

the cuYVewt jncYease So

decie ases makiky he volla e (ncveayt

(Total forQuestion 7 =13 marks)

8 This question is about radioactive isotopes used for medical imaging.

(a) lodine-131 is represented by this symbol.

131
53
() How many neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom of iodine-131?

(1)
A 53

B 78
C 131

D 184

(ii) lodine-131 is radioactive and decays with a half-life of 8

days.
State what is meant by the term
half-life.

(2)
The tine for Yacio achve,
aom
isoljpe e decay
 (ii) The cross (x) on the graph shows the initial number of atoms in a sample of
iodine-131.

more crosses (x) on the graph to show how the number of atoms
Draw three
of iodine-131 in the sample changes during three half-lives.

iodine-131half-life =8 days] (3)

20000
WRIEN
NOT

100
DO 15 000

Number
of atoms
10000

5000
AREA

15 20 25
10
INTHIS
5
Time in days
WRITE
taken for the number
NOT on the graph to estimate the time
(iv) Use a curve of best fit
to 5000.
DO of atoms in the sampleto decrease (2)

S dou do esyes o00

AREA
everg time taken = days

THIS

IN
WRITE
NOT

DO
 itemits beta radiation and gamma radiation.
decays,
(b) When iodine-131
be
containing iodine-131. The radiation emitted can
Apatient swallowsatablet
detected outside the body.
emitted
a of equipment that can detect the radiation
() State the name of piece

by iodine-131. (1)

Geiger ller abe

more likely to be detected outside the
(i) Give a reason why gamma radiation is

body than beta radiation. (1)

can poehae more

Gamme Yadiatin
bea
 (c) Technetium-99m is another radioactive isotope.

and technetium-99m are both used as medical tracers. Medical tracers

lodine-131

use radiation detected outside the body to diagnose illnesses.

AREA

The table about some of the properties of iodine-131 and

gives information
THIS technetium-99m when they undergo radioactive decay.
IN
Type(s) of radiation Half-life
WRITE
Isotope emitted

iodine-131 beta and gamma 8days

NOT

DO
gamma 6 hours
technetium-99m

than iodine-131 when used as a

Explain why technetium-99m is likely to be safer
medical tracer. (3)

has oner halft lie Hhan

AREA
iodine -131
tech va tin-. jodia -{31 has
THIS

technetim. 44m.tehne hces

hes les
Ad
IN than
les hne to
halk liR means deay
uInA
NOTWRITE
DO
vadv

(Total for Question & =13 marks)

 band.
9 A student stretches a rubber
and after it has been stretched.
The photographs show arubber band before
(a)

after
before

in the rubber band after it has

() State which energy store increases
been stretched. (1)

Elashic
rubber band is stretched.
() State the main method of energy transfer when the (1)

mechanical
to the rubber band.
(ii) State the source of the energy transferred (1)
 (b) The diagram shows a force-extension graph for a rubber band.

Force

loading

unloading

0
Extension

) State how the graph shows

that the rubber

non
band does not obey Hooke's

elire is
lavw.

notshtei

q4ph is or itua,ho-bot+ehep
shows that the rubber band
is elastic.
how the graph (2)
(G) Explain

jnceasi he exeitin is alse

As fore is
He fore is deceay's
incKey es,but in
in unloadiy
exensien is decleasy

AREA
 The band moves
The student stretches the rubber band and
then releases it.
(c)
vertically upwards.

(0) The band travels with an initial speed of 13m/s.

When the band maximum

reaches its height abovethe student's hand, the
band has a speed of Om/s.

Calculate the maximum height that the band reaches.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[acceleration due to gravity =-10m/s']

(4)

v=u'+2xaxs S- 8.4S> &.5

S
S= 8Sm
O-132
Rx-lo
S=-l6
Rx-l0

S=-l61
-20 maximum height=
 (i) The band reaches its maximum height.

Explain the motion of the band as it falls from its maximum height to
U/U

AREA
the ground.

Refer to forces in your answer.

LUIY
THIS

IN You may assume

the band does not rotate

WRITE
theband does not reach terminal velocity
(5)
naYt
NOT

DO
the bend fells dowh
Vdv
the ir siskke and specd inclease)
Yhe ine becomes qual b
Ars air Veni
Vesišane

Yhe p ,te seeed beccwey Con set

UC
uu

The Veachis velocly

UN
AUy
AREA
cedl
THIS

IN
1AIdV
1 RITE
LMAdy
10 Diagram 1 shows a generator insidea small wind turbine. The generator is connected
to a lamp and the windmill blades.

windmill
coilrotates
blades
in direction
of arrow

slip rings

'brushes

lamp

Diagram 1

(a) When the coil rotates in the direction of the arrow,

small current. the ammeter displays a

Explain how the generator

produces a current.

(2)

he cunent flows

he bayreh field

coil Vhan s hers o yohe anl

carrnt
(b) The generator in the wind turbine acts as an alternatingcurrent (a.c)
power supply.

Diagram 2 shows an electric circuit containing the generator being used to

charge a mobile phone battery.

generator
-0

mobile phone
battery

Diagram 2

(i) Direct current (d.c.) is needed to charge the battery.

Explain why there is a diode in the circuit.

(2)

Diode helps AC(Aernehy ctent) to

(onVekt
hdale babery

(i) Explain how the current in the battery willchange if the wind speed increases.
(2)

Speec
fher,mig
curfout jncVeees
)
The mean voltage across the battery is 7.2V.

The battery gains 14kJ of energy in 8400 seconds.

Calculate the mean current in the battery.

4000
H 6o,480
E-IxVxtI=
E
(3)

Vxt I-0.73
|4000
I .Ax?4o0

mean current= 0.23 A

(Total for Question 10 =9
marks)
11 This question is about gas pressure.

(a) Diagram 1 shows some ofthe molecules of a gas in a sealed container.

Diagram1
The molecules collide with all the
surfaces ofthe
outwardforce on the container. This exerts an
container and causes
pressure.
Describe how the
motion of the gas molecules
walls ofthe causes an equal
container. pressure on all the
You may add to
diagram 1 to help your answer.

Prasue otsie is
(2)

larggr Yhan iasde,

Cxert the paridas eimeht
frce t pavhcs
also Same
 (b) The width of the container is slowly decreased so that the volume of the
container is smaller than before.

of the container beforeand after this change. AlI

Diagram 2 shows the width
AREA
other dimensions of the container remain
the same.
LUIOu
INTHIS
a
WRITE
after
before
nLv
NOT

DO
Vadv
5.0 cm
8.4 cm

Diagram 2

AREA

the gas is 130 cm².

The initial volume of
AUIVUU
the gas is 100 kPa.
THIS

IN The initial pressure of

is decreased.
the width of the container
AOV
of the gasafter
Calculate the pressure
constant.
of the gas remains (4)
WRITE
Assume the temperature
nAIV
NOT

DO
Maav
13000- fx35
Cu
AREA Lu

k=13000/R5
AREA

AUN

THIS

IN pressure =
=6 marks)
INTHIS
AamACz
11
b-l04kla (Total for Question
A1amn
Iv
WRITE
WRITE
tnlMI
uInA
NOT NOT

DO DO
vaov
Vadv
12 Air is trapped in a boiling tube by sealing the
boiling tube with a rubber bung.

The boiling tube is placed in a beaker containing hot water.

bung

beaker

boiling tube
containing air

hot water

(a) Energy is
transferred from the thermal
the air in the store of the
boiling tube with an water to the
efficiency of thermal store of
The air in
16%.
the boiling
defined as the tube gains
1800 J of
useful
energy transfer. energy during
this process.
This is
Calculate the amountof energy
wasted during
this process.

(4)

toal
Lkuleuu ehiey
x00
|P00/16 xloo

d=||250-\P00 energy wasted=

Wased= 4450
9Soo
 (b) Give two ways that the apparatus could be modified to improve the efficiency of
the energy transfer.
(2)

AREA

THIS
The boiling tube must be sealed lA Preo
IN Repeal
WRITE idau haual
NOT
nsaetin
DO

(Total for Question 12 =6 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER =110 MARKS

AREA

THIS

IN
TE