EUCLIDEAN

GEOMETRY
LINES AND ANGLES
ANGLES ON A STRAIGHT LINE AND REVOLUTION
Solve for x:

1.

2𝑥 3𝑥 𝑥

2.

100°
3𝑥 2𝑥
PARALLEL LINES
1. Given: AB//CD and 𝐺̂1 = 100°

B
2 3
A G1 4

H 2 3 D
1 4
C

Determine, with reasons:

1.1 ̂1
𝐻 1.2 ̂3
𝐻 1.3 𝐺̂4

2. Given: PQ//AB//TS. 𝑃𝑄̂𝐵 = 30°, 𝐵̂1 = 𝑥, ̂𝐵2 = 𝑦, 𝐵̂3 = 𝑧 and

𝐵𝑆̂𝑇 = 60°

P
Q

A 1
23 B

T S

Determine, with reasons:

2.1 𝑥 2.2 𝑦 2.3 𝑧
 3. Given: AB//CD. 𝐸̂1 = 3𝑥 − 10° and 𝐹̂1 = 𝑥 + 30°
A

E 1

1
F
B

Determine, with reasons, the value of 𝑥

TRIANGLES
1. Determine the value of 𝑥, with reasons.
a) A

50°

B 𝑥
70°
C

b) P

2𝑥 R

Q
 c) P Q
1 2 2𝑥 − 5°

d) Given: 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 B

𝑥 + 10°

2 C
1
4𝑥 − 30°
A

2. Given: 𝐴𝐵//𝐷𝐸, 𝐴̂ = 40°, 𝐶̂3 = 55° and 𝐶̂2 = 𝑚

A B
𝑦
Determine, with reasons:
a) 𝑥
b) 𝑦
c) 𝑚
2
𝑥1 3
D C E
 3. Given: ̂ = 90° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵̂2 = 40°
𝐴𝐵//𝐷𝐸, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶, 𝐷
A B
1
Determine, with reasons:
2
a) 𝐶̂3
b) 𝐵̂1
c) 𝐴̂
d) 𝐶̂2
e) 𝐶̂1 1
2
3
E C D

4. Given: 𝐴𝐵//𝐶𝐷, 𝑂̂5 = 100° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂̂3 = 35°

5
A B
3 O

C 𝑥1 2 D
1
2𝑦 F

Determine, with reasons:

a) 𝑥
b) 𝑦
MID-POINT THEOREM
The line segment in a triangle joining the midpoint of any two sides of the triangle
is:
* parallel to its third side
AND
* is half of the length of the third side.

A
If AD = DB and AE = EC
* DE//BC
* DE = ½BC

D E

B C

CONVERSE OF MID-POINT THEOREM

If a line is drawn through the midpoint of one side of a triangle, and parallel to the
other side, it bisect the third side.
A

If AD = DB and DE//BC
Then:
* AE = EC D E

B C
EXERCISE 1
1. Determine, with reasons, the value of x and y.

1.1 In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 , AD = DB and AE = EC. 𝐴̂ = 40°, 𝐵̂ = 𝑥 and 𝐸̂1 = 65°.

DE = 14 units and BC = y units.

1
D E

B C

1.2 In ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, PS = SR and QT = TR. 𝑃̂ = 70°, 𝑅̂ = 𝑥 and 𝑇̂1 = 56°.

PQ = 25 units and ST = y units.

R
S
2 1
P

1
T
1.3 In ∆𝑅𝑆𝑇, RU = US. US = 6 units and RV = VT = 6,5 units. ST = y units.
𝑅̂ = 22,62°.

U 1 x1 V
2 2

S T

2. Given: BC = 30cm; AD = DB and AE = EC. FC//AB and FC = 8cm. CF = AD.

DEF is a straight line.
A

D 1 1 E F
2 2

B C

Determine the length of:

2.1 DE
2.2 AB
EXERCISE 2
1. Given: PQ//TS, SQ//TV. QT = TR = 9cm. PS = 15cm.
P

Q R
T

1.1 Determine, with reasons, the length of:

a) SR
b) VR
16
c) PQ if 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑉𝑅
5

1.2 Show that 𝑄̂ = 90°

1.3 Determine the length of ST

2. Given: AB//DE and BD//EF. AC = 20cm, with D, the midpoint of AC.

F is midpoint of DC. BC = 30cm and DE = 10cm.

B
A

E
D

Determine, with reasons, the length of:

a) AD and DC
 b) DF and FC
c) BE
d) AB

PARALLELOGRAM
*** Know the characteristics of a parallelogram

EXERCISE 1
1. Given: Paralellogram ABCD with 𝐴̂ = 2𝑥 + 10° and 𝐶̂ = 3𝑥 − 40°.
B

Determine, with reasons:

a) 𝑥
b) 𝐴̂
̂
c) 𝐷

2. Given: Paralellogram PQRS with 𝑃̂1 = 𝑥, 𝑃̂2 = 70° , 𝑅̂ = 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸̂2 = 𝑧

PQ = PE and ER = RS.

P S
12 1
2

2
1 3
Q R
E

Determine, with reasons:

a) 𝑥
b) 𝑦
c) 𝑧
3. Given: Paralellogram ABEF with 𝐵̂1 = 2𝑥, 𝐸̂1 = 7𝑥 , 𝑆̂ = 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹̂1 = 𝑥
AS = FS.

A F
12 1
2

1 2 1
B 2 E
R

Determine, with reasons:

a) 𝑥
b) 𝑦

4. Given: Paralellogram ABCD with 𝐴̂2 = 54°, 𝐸̂2 = 𝑦 and 𝐶̂ = 𝑥

AB = BE and CE = CD.

A D
12 1
2

2
1 3
B C
E

Determine, with reasons:

a) 𝑥
b) 𝑦
5. Given: ̂ 𝐽 = 40°
Paralellogram EFGH with G𝐻
EF = EJ = GJ = GH

H
b1 2

E
2
1

e a G
d1 2 3
a
c J
F

Determine, with reasons:

a) 𝑎 d) 𝑑
b) 𝑏 e) 𝑒
c) 𝑐 f) 𝐸̂1

6. Given: Parallelogram ABCD with diagonals AC and BD that intersect at O.

EO//AD, OC = 4cm, BC = 6cm and AB = 10cm.

D
E
C

Determine, with reasons, the length of:

a) AC
b) CE
c) OE