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Number Systems Combined

The document discusses various data types that computers can store, including numeric, alphabetic, and alphanumeric data, all represented in binary form. It explains different number systems used in computing, specifically the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems, detailing their bases and positional values. Each system has its unique digits and methods for representing numbers, with binary being the primary system understood by computers.

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7 views

Number Systems Combined

The document discusses various data types that computers can store, including numeric, alphabetic, and alphanumeric data, all represented in binary form. It explains different number systems used in computing, specifically the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems, detailing their bases and positional values. Each system has its unique digits and methods for representing numbers, with binary being the primary system understood by computers.

Uploaded by

muchatamagret
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Systems

-List any data types that a computer can store and process e. g alphabet,…

Introduction

The data stored in the computer may be of different kinds, as follows—


 Numeric data (0, 1, 2, …, 9)
 Alphabetic data (A, B, C, …, Z)
 Alphanumeric data—Combination of any of the symbols—(A, B, C… Z), (0, 1… 9),
or special characters (+,−, Blank), etc.

 All kinds of data, be it alphabets, numbers, symbols, sound data or video data, is
represented in terms of 0s and 1s, in the computer.
 Each symbol is represented as a unique combination of 0s and 1s.

In Number Systems, one or more digits are combined to get a number. The base
of the number decides the valid digits that are used to make a number. In a
number, the position of digit starts from the right-hand side of the number. The
rightmost digit has position 0, the next digit on its left has position 1, and so on.
The digits of a number have two kinds of values—

 Face value, and


 Position value.

The face value of a digit is the digit located at that position. For example, in
decimal number 52, face value at position 0 is 2 and face value at position 1 is 5.
The position value of a digit is (base position). For example, in decimal number
52, the position value of digit 2 is 100 and the position value of digit 5 is 101.
Decimal numbers have a base of 10. The number is calculated as the sum of, face
value * baseposition, of each of the digits. For decimal number 52, the number is
5*101 + 2*100 = 50 + 2 = 52
Number systems that are commonly used in the computer

In computers, we are concerned with four kinds of number systems, as follows—


 Decimal Number System —Base 10
 Binary Number System —Base 2
 Octal Number System —Base 8
 Hexadecimal Number System—Base 16

 The numbers given as input to computer and the numbers given as output
from the computer, are generally in decimal number system, and are
most easily understood by humans.
 However, computer understands the binary number system, i.e., numbers
in terms of 0s and 1s.
 The binary data is also represented, internally, as octal numbers and
hexadecimal numbers due to their ease of use.
 A number in a particular base is written as (number)base of number

Decimal Number System

 As humans we count to ten, having ten fingers and ten toes. This system of counting is called
“Decimal” or base 10.
 Base is defined as a set of digits used to represent numbers.
The base of a number system is the total number of digits used in that number
system
For example:

 In the decimal system (base-10), we use ten unique digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,


and 9.

 It consists of 10 digits—0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.


 All numbers in this number system are represented as combination of digits 0—9.
For example, 867321.
 The position value and quantity of a digit at different positions in a number are as follows—

Positon: 3 2 1 0
Position 10^3 10^2 10^1 10^0
Value:
Quantity 1000 100 10 1
:
Please note: the sign (^) means to the power of

Binary Number System

 The binary number system is a base-2 numeral system used in mathematics and digital
electronics.
 In binary, numbers are expressed using only two digits: 0 and 1.
 Each digit in a binary number is called a bit, short for binary digit.
 Computers can store data and execute instructions in bit multiples called bytes.
 Data is manipulated or carried in a series of on/off (0/1) pulses equal to a binary number.
 The use of binary system, therefore simplifies the design of the computer system and its
components.

 All binary numbers are formed using combination of 0 and 1. For example, 1001,
11000011 and 10110101.
 The position value and quantity of a digit at different positions in a
number are as follows—

Position 3 2 1 0
Position value 2 to power 3 2 to power 2 2 to power 1 2 to power 0
Quantity 8 4 2 1

Octal Number System


 The octal number system consists of eight digits—0 to 7.
 All octal numbers are represented using these eight digits. For example, 273, 103, 2375, etc.
 The position value and quantity of a digit at different positions in a number are as follows—

Position 3 2 1 0
Position value 8 to power 3 8 to power 2 8 to power 1 8 to power 0
Quantity 512 64 8 1

Hexadecimal Number System

 The hexadecimal number system consists of sixteen digits—0 to 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, where (A is


for 10, B is for 11, C-12, D-13, E-14, F-15).
 All hexadecimal numbers are represented using these 16 digits. For example, 3FA, 87B, 113,
etc.  The position value and quantity of a digit at different positions in a number are as follows—

Position 3 2 1 0
Position value 16 to power 16 to power 2 16 to power 1 16 to power 0
3
Quantity 4096 256 16 1

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