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The document contains a series of chemistry experiments involving chromatography, titration, and the investigation of chemical reactions. It includes detailed procedures, observations, and calculations related to the separation of dyes, the neutralization of acids and bases, and the identification of ions in solutions. The experiments are structured to assess students' understanding of chemical principles and laboratory techniques.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

2 views

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Uploaded by

Fatima Sohail

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2

1 A student uses chromatography to separate the dyes in a food colouring.

Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus the student uses.

lid

dyes
apparatus X

chromatography paper
start line

solvent

Fig. 1.1

(a) Name apparatus X.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State why it is important to have a lid on X.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State why the start line is:

• above the level of the solvent

• drawn in pencil.

above the level of the solvent ...................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

drawn in pencil ..........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/M/J/23

(d) The Rf value of one of the dyes in the food colouring is 0.60.

In the separation this dye travels 5.7 cm.

Calculate the distance travelled by the solvent during the separation.

distance travelled by solvent .................................................... cm [2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/M/J/23 [Turn over

2 White vinegar is a colourless solution containing ethanoic acid.

A student titrates 0.400 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide with two samples of vinegar, A and B.

The student does four titrations, two with A and two with B.

The student:

Step 1. uses a volumetric pipette to add 25.0 cm3 of 0.400 mol / dm3 sodium hydroxide to a
conical flask
Step 2. adds five drops of an indicator to the conical flask
Step 3. adds A from a burette while swirling the contents of the flask, adding drop by drop
near the end‑point, until the solution just changes colour
Step 4. empties the conical flask and rinses it with distilled water
Step 5. repeats steps 1 to 4
Step 6. repeats steps 1 to 5 using B instead of A.

(a) (i) Fig. 2.1 shows the burette readings for the two titrations with vinegar A.

Titration 1 Titration 2

0 24 11 36

1 25 12 37

2 26 13 38

initial final initial final

Fig. 2.1

Record the burette readings in Table 2.1.

Complete Table 2.1 with the volume used in each titration.

Table 2.1

Titration 1 Titration 2

final burette reading / cm3

initial burette reading / cm3

volume of A used / cm3

[3]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/M/J/23

(ii) Fig. 2.2 shows the burette readings for one of the titrations with vinegar B.

Titration 4

12 24

13 25

14 26

initial final

Fig. 2.2

Record the burette readings for Titration 4 in Table 2.2.

Calculate the volume of vinegar B added in Titrations 3 and 4.

Table 2.2

Titration 3 Titration 4

final burette reading / cm3 12.6

initial burette reading / cm3 0.1

volume of B used / cm3

[1]

(b) Calculate the mean volume of A and of B needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of 0.400 mol / dm3
aqueous sodium hydroxide.

mean volume of A ........................................................ cm3

mean volume of B ........................................................ cm3

[1]

(c) Suggest why the titrations using A and B are repeated.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/M/J/23 [Turn over

(d) The equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide is shown.

CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

The answer to (b) shows the mean volume of B used to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of
0.400 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Calculate the concentration of ethanoic acid in B.

Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

concentration .......................................... mol / dm3 [2]

(e) Use your answer to (d) to calculate the mass of ethanoic acid in 500 cm3 of B.

[Mr: ethanoic acid, 60]

mass ....................................................... g [2]

(f) Use your answers to (b) and (e) to calculate the mass of ethanoic acid in 500 cm3 of A.

mass ....................................................... g [1]

(g) Suggest why the conical flask is rinsed with distilled water and not 0.400 mol / dm3 aqueous
sodium hydroxide between titrations.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(h) Some vinegars are brown rather than colourless.

Suggest why this titration method would not be suitable for finding the concentration of
ethanoic acid in brown vinegar.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/M/J/23

3 A student investigates solution W and copper(II) carbonate.

(a) The tests the student does on W are shown in Table 3.1.

Some of the observations for these tests are also shown.

Table 3.1

tests on solution W observations

1 Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to W. solution remains colourless

2 Add dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous barium nitrate to W. white precipitate

3 Add dilute hydrochloric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate to W. white precipitate

4 Flame test on W. no colour is observed

(i) The student correctly concludes that ammonia is formed in test 1.

Describe what else the student must have done to reach this conclusion.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) State why the student cannot identify the anion in W from the observation in test 3.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State how the tests and observations show that W does not contain sodium ions.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Identify the cation and anion in W.

cation ....................................................... anion ....................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/M/J/23 [Turn over

(b) The student adds dilute hydrochloric acid to copper(II) carbonate.

A gas and a solution are produced.

(i) State the observation that confirms the production of a gas.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe how to do a flame test to confirm the presence of copper(II) ions in the solution.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) Describe one other method the student could use to confirm that the solution contains
copper(II) ions.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/M/J/23

4 Baking powder is used to make cakes rise. When water is added to baking powder, carbon dioxide
gas is released.

The longer the baking powder is stored, the less carbon dioxide it releases when water is added.

Plan an investigation to show which of two different samples of baking powder has been stored for
longer.

Your plan should include the use of common laboratory apparatus, the two samples of baking
powder and water. No other chemicals should be used.

Your plan should include:

• the apparatus needed
• the method to use
• the measurements to take
• the variables to control
• how to use the results to determine which sample has been stored for longer.

You may draw a diagram to help you answer the question.

..........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/M/J/23 [Turn over

1 A student investigates the rusting of iron.

Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus the student uses.

stopper

apparatus X oil
iron nail iron nail iron nail

water dry air water

Experiment A Experiment B Experiment C

Fig. 1.1

(a) Name apparatus X.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State why a stopper is used in Experiment B.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State why the water in Experiment C is boiled before use.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) State why a layer of oil is used in Experiment C.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23

(e) The experiments are left for one week.

Predict in which of the experiments the nail will have rusted.

...................................................................................................................................................

Explain your prediction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23 [Turn over

2 Aqueous ammonia is a solution of ammonia gas.

A student titrates two samples of aqueous ammonia, A and B, with 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid.

The student does four titrations, two with A and two with B.

The student:

Step 1. rinses and fills a burette with 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid
Step 2. uses a volumetric pipette to add 25.0 cm3 of A to a conical flask
Step 3. adds five drops of methyl orange indicator to the conical flask
Step 4. places the conical flask on a white tile
Step 5. adds 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid from the burette while swirling the contents
of the flask, adding drop by drop near the end‑point, until the solution just changes
colour
Step 6. empties the conical flask and rinses it with distilled water
Step 7. repeats steps 2 to 6
Step 8. repeats steps 2 to 7 using aqueous ammonia B instead of aqueous ammonia A.

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows the burette readings for the two titrations with A.

Titration 1 Titration 2

0 14 14 29

1 15 15 30

2 16 16 31

initial final initial final

Fig. 2.1

Record the burette readings in Table 2.1.

Complete Table 2.1 with the volume used in each titration.

Table 2.1

Titration 1 Titration 2

final burette reading / cm3

initial burette reading / cm3

volume used / cm3

[3]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the burette readings for one of the titrations with B.

Titration 4

0 34

1 35

2 36

initial final

Fig. 2.2

Record the burette readings for Titration 4 in Table 2.2.

Complete Table 2.2 with the volume used in each titration.

Table 2.2

Titration 3 Titration 4

final burette reading / cm3 34.9

initial burette reading / cm3 0.2

volume used / cm3

[1]

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Calculate the mean volume of 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3
of A and of B.

mean volume of acid needed for solution A ........................................................ cm3

mean volume of acid needed for solution B ........................................................ cm3

[1]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23 [Turn over

(e) The equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and aqueous ammonia is shown.

HCl + NH3 NH4Cl

Use the mean volume of acid needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of A in (d) to calculate the
concentration of ammonia in A.

Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

concentration .......................................... mol / dm3 [2]

(f) Calculate the volume of ammonia gas measured at room temperature and pressure, r.t.p.,
dissolved in 25.0 cm3 of A.

The volume of one mole of any gas at r.t.p. is 24 dm3.

volume .................................................. dm3 [2]

(g) Use your answers to (d) and (f) to calculate the volume of ammonia gas measured at r.t.p.
dissolved in 25.0 cm3 of B.

volume .................................................. dm3 [1]

(h) The student rinses the burette with 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid immediately before it is
filled.

Explain why the student should not rinse the burette with distilled water immediately before it
is filled with 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23
7

(i) Suggest why universal indicator is not suitable for use in these titrations.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23 [Turn over

3 A student investigates solution W and solid X.

(a) Solution W is green in colour and contains Fe2+ ions.

(i) Describe how W can be shown to contain Fe2+ ions.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Excess W is added to acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII).

Describe the colour change seen.

from ........................................................... to ........................................................... [2]

(iii) Describe the observations made when a few drops of aqueous ammonia and then an
excess of aqueous ammonia are added to the mixture from (ii).

a few drops ........................................................................................................................

an excess ..........................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23

(b) Solid X is a shiny grey metal.

The tests the student does on X are shown in Table 3.1.

Some of the observations for these tests are also shown.

Table 3.1

tests on solid X observations

Add excess dilute acid to X in a test‑tube. solid disappears
1 solution remains colourless
The gas produced is tested. and becomes warmer

Add dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous

2 silver nitrate to some of the solution from solution remains colourless
test 1.

Add dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous

3 barium nitrate to some of the solution from white precipitate
test 1.

(i) Predict the identity of the gas produced in test 1.

Describe how the student tests the gas to confirm its identity.

gas ....................................................................................................................................

test ....................................................................................................................................

observation to confirm gas ................................................................................................

[3]

(ii) The observations for test 1 are incomplete.

State one other observation that the student makes for test 1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the conclusion you can make from test 2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State the conclusion you can make from test 3.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Identify the acid used in test 1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(vi) Suggest the identity of metal X.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23 [Turn over
10

4 Baking soda is used to make bread rise. When baking soda is heated, it decomposes and
carbon dioxide gas is released.

Baking soda also decomposes gradually when it is stored. The longer the baking soda is stored,
the less carbon dioxide it releases when it is heated.

Plan an investigation to show which of two different samples of baking soda has been stored for
longer.

Your plan should include the use of common laboratory apparatus and the two samples of baking
soda. No other chemicals should be used.

Your plan should include:

• the apparatus needed
• the method to use
• the measurements to take
• the variables to control
• how to use the results to determine which sample has been stored for longer.

You may draw a diagram to help you answer the question.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23
11

..........................................................................................................................................................

[6]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/M/J/23

1 A student investigates the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric
acid.

Fig. 1.1 shows part of the apparatus the student uses.

The student determines the rate of reaction by measuring the volume of carbon dioxide produced
in a fixed time.

apparatus X

delivery tube

dilute hydrochloric acid

calcium carbonate

Fig. 1.1

(a) Name apparatus X.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The student has incorrectly positioned the delivery tube in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.

Complete Fig. 1.2 to show:

• the correct position of the delivery tube
• the rest of the apparatus the student uses to collect and measure the volume of gas
produced.

apparatus X

dilute hydrochloric acid

calcium carbonate

Fig. 1.2

[3]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/O/N/23

Calculate the mean rate of reaction, in cm3 / s, during the first 2 minutes.

mean rate of reaction .............................................. cm3 / s [2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/O/N/23 [Turn over

2 Hydrochloric acid, HCl , is neutralised when it is added to aqueous potassium hydroxide, KOH.

KOH + HCl KCl + H2O

The reaction is exothermic.

P is aqueous potassium hydroxide.

Q is 2.24 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid.

A student determines the concentration of potassium hydroxide in P.

The student does six experiments.

The student:

Step 1. uses a volumetric pipette to add 25.0 cm3 of P to a plastic cup

Step 2. uses a measuring cylinder to add 20 cm3 of distilled water to the plastic cup
Step 3. stirs the mixture in the cup with a thermometer and records its temperature to the nearest
0.5 °C
Step 4. uses a burette to add 5.0 cm3 of Q to the plastic cup and stirs
Step 5. records the highest temperature reached
Step 6. empties the plastic cup and rinses it with water
Step 7. repeats steps 1–6 using five different volumes of distilled water and Q so that the total
volume in the cup is always 50 cm3.

The student’s results are in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

highest
volume volume volume initial temperature
experiment temperature
of P of water of Q temperature rise
number reached
/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 of P / °C / °C
/ °C

1 25.0 20 5.0 24.0 26.0 2.0

2 25.0 10.0 24.5 28.5 4.0

3 25.0 10 15.0 25.0 31.0 6.0

4 25.0 7 25.0 31.5 6.5

5 25.0 5 20.0 26.0 32.5 6.5

6 25.0 0 25.0 26.5 33.0

(a) Complete Table 2.1 by filling in the three missing values. [3]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/O/N/23

(b) Parts of the thermometer used in Experiment 5 are shown in Fig. 2.1.

The liquid levels inside the thermometer are missing.

Complete Fig. 2.1 by drawing in the liquid level to show:

• the initial temperature of P in Experiment 5
• the highest temperature reached in Experiment 5.

29 34
28 33
27 32
26 31
25 30

initial temperature of P highest temperature

in Experiment 5 reached in Experiment 5

Fig. 2.1
[1]

You should:
• plot the point (0,0) as there is no temperature rise when no Q is added
• plot the temperature rises and volumes of Q from Table 2.1
• draw a straight line of best fit for the first four points
• draw a straight line of best fit for the last three points
• extend the lines so that they intersect.

temperature 4
rise / °C
3

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
volume of Q / cm3

Fig. 2.2
[3]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/O/N/23 [Turn over

(d) The point where the two lines intersect indicates the volume of Q that exactly neutralises
25.0 cm3 of P.

Determine the volume of Q where the two lines on the graph intersect.

volume of Q .................................................. cm3 [1]

(e) Q is 2.24 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid.

Use your answer to (d) to calculate the concentration of potassium hydroxide in P.

KOH + HCl KCl + H2O

concentration of potassium hydroxide in P .......................................... mol / dm3 [2]

(f) A measuring cylinder is used to measure the volumes of water.

Suggest why the volumes of water in Table 2.1 are not given to one decimal place.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(g) State and explain why a plastic cup rather than a metal cup is used in these experiments.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(h) State why the mixture is stirred before measuring the temperature in these experiments.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/O/N/23

3 A student investigates solution X and solution Y. Both solutions are colourless.

(a) The student does some tests on X.

Table 3.1 shows the notes the student makes about these tests.

Table 3.1

tests on solution X observations

Add one drop of aqueous sodium white precipitate which then dissolves
1 hydroxide to X in a test-tube.

Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to X pungent smell of ammonia

in a boiling tube. Warm the mixture
2
and test the gas produced with damp no change to the litmus paper
litmus paper.
Add aqueous dilute nitric acid and white precipitate
3 aqueous barium nitrate to solution X in
a test-tube.

(i) Part of the method for test 1 is missing.

Describe the missing part of the method that is needed to give the observations shown.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The observations for test 1 are incomplete.

State one other observation which is made for test 1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest why the ammonia produced in test 2 has no effect on the litmus paper.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Solution X contains two cations. Identify the cation in solution X which produces ammonia
in test 2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Explain why the student cannot identify the second cation in solution X from the tests
and observations in Table 3.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(vi) Identify the anion in X.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/O/N/23 [Turn over

(b) (i) The student adds universal indicator to solution Y in a test-tube.

The universal indicator turns red.

Identify the cation present in Y.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The student adds a piece of magnesium ribbon to Y.

Hydrogen is produced.

Suggest two observations the student makes.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Describe how the student tests the gas to show that it is hydrogen.

test ....................................................................................................................................

observation if hydrogen present ........................................................................................

[2]

A white precipitate is observed.

(i) Identify the anion present in Y.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify Y.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/O/N/23

4 Ammonium sulfate is a salt used in fertilisers.

Ammonium sulfate is prepared by neutralising dilute sulfuric acid with aqueous ammonia.

Plan an experiment to prepare pure dry crystals of ammonium sulfate.

Your plan should include the use of:

• common laboratory apparatus
• dilute sulfuric acid
• aqueous ammonia
• methyl orange indicator.

No other chemicals should be used.

Your plan should include:

• the apparatus needed
• the method to use.

You may draw a diagram to help answer the question.

..........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 5070/41/O/N/23 [Turn over

Cambridge O Level
* 0 0 9 1 6 2 7 4 2 2 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/42
Paper 4 Alternative to Practical October/November 2023

1 hour

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● Notes for use in qualitative analysis are provided in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (LK/FC) 313673/3
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
3

1 A student investigates the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride.

Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus the student uses.

chlorine
apparatus X

concentrated
aqueous
sodium chloride
graphite
electrodes

+ –

Fig. 1.1

(a) Name apparatus X.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Give a reason why iron electrodes are not used during this electrolysis.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Chlorine gas is produced at the anode during this electrolysis.

Describe and explain one safety precaution the student takes during this electrolysis.

safety precaution ......................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) A different gas is produced at the cathode during this electrolysis.

Name the gas produced.

Describe a test and its result to confirm the identity of the gas.

name of gas ..............................................................................................................................

description of test and result .....................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/O/N/23 [Turn over

2 Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is neutralised when it is added to aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O

The reaction is exothermic.

P is 1.25 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Q is dilute sulfuric acid.

A student determines the concentration of sulfuric acid in Q.

The student does six experiments.

The student:

Step 1. uses a volumetric pipette to add 25.0 cm3 of P to a plastic cup

The student’s results are in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

highest
volume volume of volume of initial temperature
experiment temperature
of P water Q temperature rise
number reached
/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / °C / °C
/ °C

1 25.0 20 5.0 23.0 25.5

2 25.0 15 10.0 24.5 29.5 5.0

3 25.0 10 25.0 32.5 7.5

4 25.0 7 18.0 25.0 33.0 8.0

5 25.0 5 20.0 25.5 33.5 8.0

6 25.0 25.0 24.5 32.5 8.0

(a) Complete Table 2.1 by filling in the three missing values.

[3]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/O/N/23

(b) Parts of the thermometer used in Experiment 3 are shown in Fig. 2.1.
The liquid levels inside the thermometer are missing.
Complete Fig. 2.1 by drawing in the liquid level to show:
• the initial temperature in Experiment 3
• the highest temperature reached in Experiment 3.
[1]
27 35
26 34
25 33
24 32
23 31

initial temperature highest temperature

in Experiment 3 reached in Experiment 3
Fig. 2.1
(c) Draw a graph of temperature rise against volume of Q on the grid in Fig. 2.2.
You should:
• plot the point (0,0) as there is no temperature rise when no Q is added
• plot the temperature rises and volumes of Q from Table 2.1
• draw a straight line of best fit for the first four points
• draw a straight line of best fit for the last three points
• extend the lines so that they intersect.
10

6
temperature
rise 5
/ °C
4

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
volume of Q / cm3

Fig. 2.2
[3]
© UCLES 2023 5070/42/O/N/23 [Turn over
6

(d) The point where the two lines intersect indicates the volume of Q that exactly neutralises
25.0 cm3 of P.

Determine the volume of Q where the two lines on the graph intersect.

volume of Q .................................................. cm3 [1]

(e) P is 1.25 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Use your answer to (d) to calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid in Q.

2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O

concentration of sulfuric acid in Q .......................................... mol / dm3 [2]

(f) Describe and explain what happens to the gradient of the straight line for the first four points
on the graph if a metal cup is used instead of a plastic cup.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(g) A burette may be used instead of a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of water in
these experiments.

Suggest how this improves the experiments.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(h) State the dependent variable in this set of experiments.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/O/N/23

3 A student investigates solid Y and solution Z.

(a) Solid Y is white and contains carbonate ions.

The tests the student does on Y are shown in Table 3.1.

Some of the observations for these tests are also shown.

Table 3.1

tests on solid Y observations

1 Add excess dilute sulfuric acid to Y in effervescence
a boiling tube. solid disappears

2 Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to white precipitate

the solution from test 1 until a change
is seen.

3 Add more aqueous sodium hydroxide white precipitate dissolves

to the mixture from test 2 until a
further change is seen.

(i) Predict the identity of the gas produced in test 1.

Describe how the student tests the gas to confirm its identity.

gas ....................................................................................................................................

test and observation ..........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The solution produced in test 1 contains an anion.

Name a reagent that reacts with this anion to form a white precipitate when added to the
solution produced in test 1 after the addition of dilute nitric acid.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2023 5070/42/O/N/23

(iii) The observations for test 3 are incomplete.

State one other observation the student makes in test 3.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Solid Y contains only one cation. The student cannot identify the cation from the
observations in Table 3.1.

Use Table 3.1 to name the two cations which could be present in Y.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(v) Describe an additional test the student does on the solution produced in test 1 to identify
the cation in Y.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Solution Z contains one cation and one anion. The cation contains two non-metals.

(i) The student adds aqueous sodium hydroxide to Z in a boiling tube.

Describe how the student completes this test to identify the cation in Z.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) The student adds dilute nitric acid and then aqueous silver nitrate to Z.

A precipitate is formed. It is difficult to tell if the precipitate is white or cream in colour.

Describe how the student uses separate aqueous solutions of a chloride and a bromide
to decide the colour of the precipitate.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) The student adds dilute nitric acid and then aqueous barium nitrate to Z.

Predict the expected observation.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2023 5070/42/O/N/23 [Turn over
10

4 Copper(II) sulfate is a salt used to kill pests on plant leaves.

Copper(II) sulfate is prepared by neutralising dilute sulfuric acid with solid copper(II) oxide.

Plan an experiment to prepare pure dry crystals of copper(II) sulfate.

Your plan should include the use of:

• common laboratory apparatus
• dilute sulfuric acid
• solid copper(II) oxide.

No other chemicals should be used.

Your plan should include:

• the apparatus needed
• the method to use.

You may draw a diagram to help answer the question.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2023 5070/42/O/N/23
* 0000800000001 *

, ,

Cambridge O Level

¬O. 4mHuOªE^y6W
¬_`|M££¥Syi{1¥
¥ U55e5EEE e5UU
* 5 1 1 3 8 7 6 5 2 3 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/41
Paper 4 Alternative to Practical October/November 2024

1 hour

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (DE/FC) 337067/2
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
* 0000800000002 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

2
, ,

1 A teacher investigates the electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide.

Lead(II) bromide is a solid at room temperature.

Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus the teacher uses.

power
supply

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lamp

– +

crucible M

L
molten

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lead(II) bromide

heat

Fig. 1.1

(a) Name the pieces of apparatus labelled L and M.

Suggest the material from which L and M are made.

name .........................................................................................................................................

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material .....................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Describe the appearance of the products at L and at M.

appearance of product at L ......................................................................................................

appearance of product at M ......................................................................................................

[2]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÍĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßû¸þ×
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3
, ,

Explain why the lamp goes out.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÏĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßù¸þ×
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* 0000800000004 *

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4
, ,

2 A student titrates four samples of 0.800 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), with
aqueous ethanedioic acid.

In titration 1 the student:

• rinses and fills a burette with aqueous ethanedioic acid

• uses a volumetric pipette to add 25.0 cm3 of NaOH(aq) to a conical flask
• adds thymolphthalein indicator to the conical flask
• places the conical flask on a white tile
• adds aqueous ethanedioic acid from the burette while swirling the flask, adding drop by drop
near the end-point, until the solution just changes colour.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

The student repeats the titration three more times.

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows the burette readings for two of the titrations.

titration 1 titration 2

0 20 20 40

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1 21 21 41

2 22 22 42

initial final initial final

Fig. 2.1

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Record the burette readings in Table 2.1.

Complete Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

titration number
1 2 3 4

final burette reading / cm3 20.1 40.4

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initial burette reading / cm3 20.5

volume of ethanedioic acid added / cm3 20.1

best titration results (✓)

[3]
ĬÍĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÝû¸Ā×
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* 0000800000005 *
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5
, ,

(b) Tick (✓) the two best titration results in Table 2.1. [1]

(c) Use the ticked (✓) titration results in Table 2.1 to calculate the average volume of aqueous
ethanedioic acid needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of the aqueous sodium hydroxide.

volume .................................................. cm3 [1]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(d) Calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 25.0 cm3 of 0.800 mol / dm3 NaOH(aq).

number of moles ......................................................... [1]

(e) One mole of ethanedioic acid is neutralised by two moles of sodium hydroxide.

Use your answers to (c) and (d) to calculate the concentration, in mol / dm3, of ethanedioic acid.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Give your answer to three significant figures.

concentration ........................................... mol / dm3 [3]

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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

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6
, ,

(f) The formula of ethanedioic acid is C2H2O4•nH2O.

(i) 100 cm3 of the aqueous ethanedioic acid contains 6.3 g of C2H2O4•nH2O.

Use your answer from (e) to calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of C2H2O4•nH2O.

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Mr ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Use your answer from (f)(i) to deduce the value of n in C2H2O4•nH2O.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

[Ar: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16]

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n ......................................................... [1]

(g) State why the conical flask is placed on a white tile before aqueous ethanedioic acid is added
from the burette.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(h) State why a measuring cylinder is not used to measure 25.0 cm3 of NaOH(aq) in this
experiment.

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............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 14]
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8
, ,

3 A student investigates solid Y and solution Z.

(a) Solid Y is a white powder.

The tests the student does on Y are shown in Table 3.1.

Some of the observations for these tests are also shown.

Table 3.1

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tests on solid Y observations
Add excess dilute acid to Y in a boiling tube. colourless solution formed
1
The gas produced is tested using limewater. limewater becomes milky
Add dilute nitric acid to some of the solution from
test 1.
2
Then add aqueous barium nitrate. white precipitate
Add aqueous sodium hydroxide drop by drop to white precipitate
some of the solution from test 1 until a change is
seen.
3

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Then add excess aqueous sodium hydroxide. soluble in excess giving a
colourless solution
Add aqueous ammonia drop by drop to some of white precipitate
the solution from test 1 until a change is seen.
4
Then add excess aqueous ammonia. soluble in excess giving a
colourless solution

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÑĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÞùµĀ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬßÞüÛīăùÕõíÛåîîáĝĂ
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5070/41/O/N/24
* 0000800000009 *
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9
, ,

(i) Describe how the gas is passed through limewater in test 1.

You may draw a labelled diagram to help answer the question.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

[1]

(ii) Describe two other observations the student makes in test 1.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(iii) Identify the gas produced in test 1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Y contains one anion. Use the observations from test 1 to identify this anion.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Use the observations from test 2 to identify the dilute acid used in test 1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(vi) Identify the cation in Y using the observations from tests 3 and 4.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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10
, ,

(b) Solution Z is colourless.

(i) The student thinks that Z contains Cu2+ ions.

State why the student is not correct.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Solution Z contains K+ ions.

Describe how to do a flame test on solution Z to confirm the identity of this cation.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) Solution Z contains ions of a Group VII element.

Describe a test and the possible results to identify which Group VII ion is present in Z.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 14]

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12
, ,

4 Argentan is an alloy containing only zinc, nickel and copper.

Zinc and nickel both react with dilute hydrochloric acid. Copper does not react with dilute
hydrochloric acid.

Plan an investigation to find the percentage by mass of copper in a powdered sample of argentan.

Your plan must include the use of common laboratory apparatus, argentan and
dilute hydrochloric acid. No other chemicals should be used.

Your plan must include:

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• the apparatus needed
• the method to use and the measurements to take
• procedures to ensure that the percentage determined is as accurate as possible
• how the measurements are used to determine the percentage by mass of copper in the
sample.

You may draw a diagram to help answer the question.

..........................................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..........................................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..........................................................................................................................................................

ĬÑĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÝù·Ā×
© UCLES 2024 ĬßàúÚĥõĚÙĆĄ¯¯ìĠĉčĂ
ĥĥąĕµõÅõąõÅÅąõÅµąÕ
5070/41/O/N/24
* 0000800000003 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

3
, ,

1 A student does an experiment to make pure hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals, CuSO4•5H2O.

(a) The student makes aqueous copper(II) sulfate by reacting a dilute acid with excess
copper(II) oxide.

Name the acid.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus the student uses to crystallise the aqueous copper(II) sulfate.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

X
aqueous copper(II) sulfate beaker

gauze
water
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Fig. 1.1

(i) Name apparatus X.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe how the student decides when to stop heating the aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest why apparatus X is heated with a water bath and not heated directly using the
Bunsen burner.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) Describe the final step needed to produce pure hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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4
, ,

2 A student titrates four samples of aqueous sodium carbonate with 0.500 mol / dm3 dilute
hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq).

In titration 1 the student:

• rinses and fills a burette with 0.500 mol / dm3 HCl (aq)
• adds 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium carbonate to a conical flask
• adds methyl orange indicator to the conical flask
• adds HCl (aq) from the burette while swirling the flask, adding drop by drop near the end-point,
until the solution just changes colour.

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The student repeats the titration three more times.

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows the burette readings for two of the titrations.

titration 2 titration 3

20 40 0 19

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21 41 1 20

22 42 2 21

initial final initial final

Fig. 2.1

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Record the burette readings in Table 2.1.

Complete Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

titration number
1 2 3 4

final burette reading / cm3 21.1 40.4

initial burette reading / cm3

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0.2 20.3

volume of HCl (aq) used / cm3 20.9

best titration results (✓)

[3]
ĬÕú¾Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊàü¸Ā×
© UCLES 2024 ĬßêñÏĝďąÜòÿąùþăùĕĂ
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5
, ,

(b) Tick (✓) the two best titration results in Table 2.1. [1]

(c) Use the ticked (✓) titration results in Table 2.1 to calculate the average volume of HCl (aq)
needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of the aqueous sodium carbonate.

volume .................................................. cm3 [1]

(d) Use your answer from (c) to calculate the number of moles of HCl in the average volume of
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

HCl (aq) needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of the aqueous sodium carbonate.

number of moles .......................................................... [1]

(e) The equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate is:

2HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

Use your answer from (d) to calculate the concentration of the aqueous sodium carbonate.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Give your answer to three significant figures.

concentration .......................................... mol / dm3 [3]

(f) The student is provided with 150 cm3 of the aqueous sodium carbonate.

Use your answer to (e) to calculate the mass of Na2CO3 in 150 cm3 of this solution.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

[Ar: C, 12; O, 16; Na, 23]

mass ...................................................... g [3]

(g) State why the conical flask is swirled while HCl (aq) is added from the burette.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
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(h) State why the HCl (aq) is added drop by drop near the end-point.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 14]
Ĭ×ú¾Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊàú¸Ā×
© UCLES 2024 Ĭßéò×īēõÝĈòÄÝö×ùĥĂ
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5070/42/O/N/24 [Turn over
* 0000800000006 *

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6
, ,

3 A student investigates solution P and solution Q.

(a) Solution P is colourless and contains sodium ions.

(i) Describe how to do a flame test on solution P to confirm the identity of this cation.

...........................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Solution P contains an anion composed of nitrogen and oxygen.

Describe a test to identify the anion in solution P.

test ....................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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observations ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

identity of anion .................................................................................................................

[6]

(b) The tests the student does on solution Q are shown in Table 3.1.

Some of the observations for these tests are also shown.

Table 3.1

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

tests on solution Q observations
Add drops of aqueous ammonia to solution Q green precipitate
until a change is seen.
1
Then add excess aqueous ammonia. insoluble in excess
Add drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide to green precipitate
solution Q until a change is seen.
2
Then add excess aqueous sodium hydroxide. soluble in excess, giving a green solution
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

3 Add aqueous silver nitrate to solution Q. white precipitate

Add dilute nitric acid to solution Q.

4
Then add aqueous barium nitrate.

ĬÙú¾Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÝúµþ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬßêòÜġûïåăă¹½þ¶ÑĕĂ
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7
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(i) Identify the cation in solution Q using the observations from tests 1 and 2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Test 3 is incomplete.

Describe what else must be done in test 3 to ensure that the white precipitate observed
leads to a valid conclusion about the anion in solution Q.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(iii) The student completes test 3 correctly. The observation remains the same.

Identify an anion in solution Q.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) The ion identified in (iii) is the only anion in solution Q.

Describe the expected observation from test 4.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(v) Solution Q is acidic.

Describe the observation when solution Q is added to sodium carbonate.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 14]
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8
, ,

4 Muntz metal is an alloy that contains zinc and copper.

Zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid. Copper does not react with dilute sulfuric acid.

Plan an investigation to find the percentage by mass of zinc in a powdered sample of Muntz metal
which contains only zinc and copper.

Your plan must include the use of common laboratory apparatus, Muntz metal and dilute sulfuric acid.
No other chemicals should be used.

Your plan must include:

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

You may draw a diagram to help answer the question.

..........................................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..........................................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..........................................................................................................................................................

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