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IEA10
Intelligent Enterprise - Architecture
Fundamentals

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PARTICIPANT HANDBOOK
INSTRUCTOR-LED TRAINING
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Course Version: 11
Course Duration: 5 Day(s)
Material Number: 50166670

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Contents

vii Course Overview

1 Unit 1: Introducing the Enterprise Architecture Framework of SAP

3 Lesson: Understand Enterprise Architecture

9 Lesson: Tailoring the TOGAF Architecture Development Method
17 Lesson: Exploring the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
21 Lesson: Exploring the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
Methodology
27 Lesson: Utilizing SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework Reference
Architecture Content
35 Lesson: Leveraging SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework Tools
39 Lesson: Leveraging SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
Services
41 Lesson: Maturing an Enterprise Architecture Practice

51 Unit 2: Managing Preliminary and Requirements, Risk, and Decision

53 Lesson: Conducting Preliminary Phase

59 Lesson: Handling Requirements, Risk, and Decision Management

75 Unit 3: Formulating Architecture Vision

77 Lesson: Articulating the Architecture Vision

109 Unit 4: Designing Business Architecture

111 Lesson: Defining Business Architecture

139 Unit 5: Designing Application and Data Architecture

141 Lesson: Introduction to Application and Data Architecture

151 Lesson: Designing Application Architecture
173 Lesson: Building Data Architecture
179 Lesson: Developing Integration Strategy

191 Unit 6: Designing Technology Architecture

193 Lesson: Defining Technology Architecture

227 Unit 7: Exploring Opportunities and Solutions

229 Lesson: Identifying Opportunities and Solution

235 Lesson: Describing Roadmaps

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Course Overview

TARGET AUDIENCE
This course is intended for the following audiences:

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UNIT 1 Introducing the Enterprise

Architecture Framework of SAP

Lesson 1
Understand Enterprise Architecture 3

Lesson 2
Tailoring the TOGAF Architecture Development Method 9

Lesson 3
Exploring the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework 17

Lesson 4
Exploring the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework Methodology 21

Lesson 5
Utilizing SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework Reference Architecture Content 27

Lesson 6
Leveraging SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework Tools 35

Lesson 7
Leveraging SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework Services 39

Lesson 8
Maturing an Enterprise Architecture Practice 41

UNIT OBJECTIVES

● Explain foundational principles of Intelligent Enterprise Architecture

● Apply TOGAF methodology to develop enterprise architecture
● Describe key components of the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
● Implement the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework methodology

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Unit 1: Introducing the Enterprise Architecture Framework of SAP

● Analyze reference architecture content within the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
● Evaluate tools available in the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
● Deploy services within the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
● Mature your Enterprise Architecture practice

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Unit 1
Lesson 1
Understand Enterprise Architecture

LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
● Explain foundational principles of Intelligent Enterprise Architecture

Purpose and Scope of Enterprise Architecture

Overview

Figure 1: The Purpose and Scope of Enterprise Architecture

In the early days of computing, technology simply automated manual processes with greater
efficiency. As technology evolved, new innovations enabled new capabilities and processes in
the enterprise that were driven by IT. Gradually, IT changed the business but not necessarily
in alignment with the business strategy. This lack of alignment resulted in significant waste of
resources and missed opportunities, and placed the organization in a competitive
disadvantage in the market.
To align the strategies of business with IT, a new approach for managing IT has been
developed called Enterprise Architecture. Just as architecture provides a blueprint for
constructing a building, Enterprise Architecture provides a blueprint and roadmap for aligning
business strategy with IT.
The individual models in an EA are arranged in a logical manner, and this provides an ever-
increasing level of detail about the enterprise, including the following:
● Its objectives and goals
● Its processes and organization
● Its systems and data

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Unit 1: Introducing the Enterprise Architecture Framework of SAP

● The technology used

Why Enterprise Architecture and Strategy Matter?

Effective Enterprise Architecture competencies foster business-IT Alignment by connecting
business goals with technology to enable better planning of future IT investments and
transformations.

Figure 2: Why Enterprise Architecture and Strategy Matter?

These competencies enable the following:

● Drive corporate wide transformation and digitalization initiatives
● Enable strategic business goals using better operational excellence, more customer
intimacy, greater product leadership or more strategic agility
● Maximize the ROI of customers Enterprise Architecture initiative to drive and support the
successful business transformation by doing the following:
- Promoting a business-outcome-driven enterprise architecture engagements
- Operationalize innovations by taking IT strategy and existing investments into account
- Support communication between different stakeholders from business and IT
- Avoid the creation of IT systems that add further complexity to existing IT
infrastructure
- Document decisions for later reference (re-use) and follow-on projects

Characteristics of Enterprise Architecture

Key characteristics of enterprise architecture is to apply a holistic view across the
organization, embracing business and IT along all functions, while also taking external factors
into account. This is largely featured by defining and introducing a common language and
vocabulary.

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Lesson: Understand Enterprise Architecture

Figure 3: What are Characteristics of Enterprise Architecture?

One important dimension in enterprise architecture is the dimension of time. To-be models
will depict the envisioned future state while with the help of as-is models the gap between the
current and future state can be assessed and translated into a roadmap.
Different artifacts will help to structure and visualize the enterprise architecture in various
stages in time and alongside different architectural domains.

Definition of Enterprise Architecture

The term "architecture" is of a general nature and defines the abstract construction of a
system - that is, a building, an organization, an IT-system, a machine, and so on.

Figure 4: Definition of Enterprise Architecture

Definition of Enterprise Architecture - Multiple Viewpoints

An IT system has exactly one consistent architecture, which can be displayed in different
views, or levels of detail for different purposes and stakeholders.

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Unit 1: Introducing the Enterprise Architecture Framework of SAP

Figure 5: Multiple Viewpoints on one Architecture

In the schematic figure above various viewpoints are depicted to visualize the components of
an architecture and their relationship to different stakeholders. While business stakeholders
might be interested in a process viewpoint, IT stakeholder might want to understand the
scope of solution components, the interaction between these or how the solution
components are physically deployed

Enterprise Architecture Frameworks

Creating an Enterprise Architecture from scratch can be a daunting task, so EA frameworks
were created to simplify the process and guide an architect through all areas of architecture
development. An Enterprise Architecture framework provides a collection of best practices,
standards, tools, processes, and templates to assist in the creation of the Enterprise
Architecture and architectures of various scopes.

Figure 6: Enterprise Architecture Frameworks

An architecture framework provides principles and practices for creating and using the
architecture description of a system. It structures architects' thinking by dividing the
architecture description into domains, layers, or views, and offers models - typically matrices
and diagrams - for documenting each view. This allows for making systemic design decisions
on all the components of the system and making long-term decisions around new design
requirements, sustainability, and support.

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Lesson: Understand Enterprise Architecture

LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
● Explain foundational principles of Intelligent Enterprise Architecture

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Unit 1: Introducing the Enterprise Architecture Framework of SAP

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Unit 1
Lesson 2
Tailoring the TOGAF Architecture
Development Method

LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
● Apply TOGAF methodology to develop enterprise architecture

Architecture Development Method

From TOGAF® to SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
The Open Group Architecture Framework TOGAF® is an industry-standard and foundational
framework that can be applied to develop any kind of architecture and Enterprise
Architecture practices in any context. It is freely available for any organization wishing to
develop an Enterprise Architecture for internal use.

Figure 7: From TOGAF® to SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework

As a generic architecture framework, TOGAF® requires adaption for specific contexts.

According to the TOGAF® specification v9.2, it is "in all cases expected that the architect will
adapt and build on the TOGAF® framework to define a tailored method" quote from TOGAF®
specification v9.2.). The SAP EA Methodology leverages and tailors TOGAF® to provide a
refined methodology for most use cases along the entire software lifecycle.
SAP product engineering, SAP Customer Advisory, SAP Service Delivery, and key SAP
customers from various industries closely collaborated to the following tasks:
● Refine and detail concepts, artifacts, techniques, and principles

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Unit 1: Introducing the Enterprise Architecture Framework of SAP

● Prepare and reduce tailoring efforts for typical architecture needs

The SAP EA Methodology is based on The Open Group Architecture Framework and is
designed to reduce tailoring efforts for a broad range of architecture activities.
Additionally, the SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework also includes SAP Reference
Architecture Content - provided by SAP experts - such as tooling, practice recommendations,
and professional services. These enable the following
● They allow SAP, SAP partners, and customers a jump start in the architecture
engagements, thereby reducing and minimizing tailoring and preliminary efforts and
● They provide concrete guidance in all phases to ensure a coherent architecture
engagement.

The provisioning of SAP portfolio-agnostic Reference Business Architecture content and SAP
or Partner Reference Solution Architectures supports rapid initiation of many architecture
projects. The Reference Architecture content can help to overcome typical difficulties when
starting architecture activities from scratch.
The SAP reference solution architecture provides valuable information on possible
integration, APIs, middleware content, and master data distribution between SAP and Non-
SAP solution components as partners of third-party components. System Integrators will find
valuable insights in combining solutions, software, or services from different providers.
Meanwhile, reference architecture content is the only valuable input that needs to be adjusted
to the needs and goals of concrete architecture activities.
Tooling, practice recommendations, and service offerings provide intense help and support
when establishing Enterprise Architecture practices, Enterprise Architecture capabilities, or
specific architecture projects.

Conclusion:
Summarize how the tailored SAP EA Framework builds upon the generic TOGAF standard to
provide a more precise, practical, and effective approach to enterprise architecture within the
SAP environment.

Figure 8: Architecture Development Method - The Open Group Architecture Framework

The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is a framework for enterprise architecture
that provides an approach for designing, planning, implementing, and governing an enterprise

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Lesson: Tailoring the TOGAF Architecture Development Method

information technology architecture. TOGAF is a high-level approach to design. It is typically

modeled at four levels: Business, Application, Data, and Technology. It relies heavily on
modularization, standardization, and already existing, proven technologies and products.
TOGAF was developed starting 1995 by The Open Group, based on DoD's TAFIM. As of 2016,
The Open Group claims that TOGAF is employed by 80% of Global 50 companies and 60% of
Fortune 500 companies.
Members of the Open Group Standard are, for example, Shell, Boeing, Apple Inc., Honeywell
International Inc., and many more.

The TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM)

The ADM is iterative, over the whole process, between phases, and within phases (see
the TOGAF Standard - ADM Techniques)For each iteration of the ADM, a fresh decision must
be taken as to provide the following:
● The breadth of coverage of the enterprise to be defined
● The level of detail to be defined
● The extent of the time period aimed at, including the number and extent of any
intermediate time periods
● The architectural assets to be leveraged, including:
- Assets created in previous iterations of the ADM cycle within the enterprise
- Assets available elsewhere in the industry (other frameworks, systems models, vertical
industry models, and so on)
● These decisions should be based on a practical assessment of resource and competence
availability, and the value that can realistically be expected to accrue to the enterprise
from the chosen scope of the architecture work
● As a generic method, the ADM is intended to be used by enterprises in a wide variety of
different geographies and applied in different vertical sectors/industry types

Figure 9: Architecture Development Method - The TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Architecture Development Method - Architecture Vision

Architecture Vision describes and defines the following:

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Unit 1: Introducing the Enterprise Architecture Framework of SAP

● It describes the broader context in which architecture work needs to take place
● It defines the solution context and solution concept while taking constraints and
assumptions into account
● It includes the following:
- Statement of architecture work
- Project setup and initiation of the Architecture Development Cycle
- Organizational capability assessment

Figure 10: Architecture Development Method - Architecture Vision

Architecture Development Method - Business Architecture

Business Architecture describes and defines the following:
● It describes how business works
● It aligns organization's operating model, strategies, and objectives with IT
● It includes the following:
- Objectives and goals
- Business capabilities / business processes carried out by the enterprise
- Major organizational structures

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