Knowledge Review One

Some questions may have more than one correct answer. 9. My buddy and I are planning a dive to 18 metres/60 feet. We would
Choose all that apply: expect our air supply to last ________ at 10 metres/33 feet, all else being
the same.
1. Complete the following depth-pressure-air volume-air density table : £ a. longer than
Depth Pressure Volume Density £ b. shorter than
£ c. the same as
0m/0ft 1 bar/ata 1 x1
10. During a dive, I swim hard to keep up with a fish that interests me, but
10m/33ft ________ ½ ___
shortly begin to feel like I can’t get enough air. The correct action would
30m/99ft ________ ¼ ___ be to:
40m/132ft 5 bar/ata __ x5 £ a. Signal my buddy and head up to the surface.
£ b. Use the regulator purge button to boost air flow.
2. As I descend, I need to equalize air spaces. Which of the following are £ c. Stop all activity and rest to restore proper deep, slow breathing.
accepted ways of equalizing my ears? 11. An object that is neutrally buoyant in fresh water will _______ in salt
£ a. Block my nose and attempt to gently blow through it. water.
£ b. Swallow and wiggle the jaw from side to side. £ a. sink
£ c. Block my nose and blow forcefully for an extended period. £ b. float
3. During a descent, I try to equalize but discover I’m having trouble doing £ c. be neutrally buoyant
so. Which of the following is correct? 12. The three overall benefits of the buddy system are practicality, safety and
£ a. Slow my descent, signal my buddy to slow down, and fun.
equalize more forcefully. £ True £ False

section one
£ b. Stop my descent, signal my buddy, ascend slightly
13. The primary considerations when choosing any piece of scuba gear are:
and try again.
£ a. suitability
£ c. Continue my descent while equalizing repeatedly.
£ b. brand
£ d. Signal my buddy, ascend to the surface and start my
£ c. fit
descent over.
£ d. comfort
4. I should equalize
14. I’m planning to dive the following week and am checking my gear. I put
£ a. early and often, before I feel discomfort.
my kit together and notice that my regulator seems to breathe harder
£ b. when I begin to feel discomfort.
than I remember. The appropriate action would be to:
£ c. only if I experience pain.
£ a. Have it inspected and serviced as needed by a professional be-
5. I should not dive with a cold, nor use medications to dive fore using it.
with a cold. £ b. Go ahead and use it, but limit my dive depth to 10 metres/30
£ True £ False feet.
6. The most important rule in scuba diving is: £ c. Wash it in fresh water and see if the problem persists.
£ a. Breathe continuously and never hold my breath. 15. There is no way to use a DIN regulator on a yoke cylinder valve.
£ b. Always dive with a buddy. £ True £ False
£ c. Keep my mask on while in the water, even at the surface.
16. It is important to master buoyancy control because it allows me to
£ d. Check my SPG at least every couple of minutes.
control whether I descend, float or am neutrally buoyant. I adjust my
7. Failure to follow the most important rule in scuba diving can cause seri- buoyancy frequently while diving.
ous lung overexpansion (lung rupture) injuries, which in turn can cause £ True £ False
paralysis and death.
£ True £ False
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best
8. If I feel discomfort in a body air space while ascending, the correct
of my ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely, I have
action is to:
£ a. Continue my ascent while blowing against blocked nostrils. had explained to me and I understand what I missed.
£ b. Stop, descend slightly and give trapped air time to work
its way out. Name ____________________________________________________________
£ c. Descend at least 10 metres/33 feet, then resume my ascent. Date _____________________________________________________________

77
Knowledge Review Two
Some questions may have more than one correct answer. Choose all that apply.

1. I take a colorful fish identification slate with me while diving. Looking at £ b. This is a buddy separation. Stay with the remaining buddy, return
the slate underwater at 12 metres/40 feet, I would expect the slate to to where the missing buddy was last seen and wait.
look £ c. This is a buddy separation. The remaining buddy and I should split
£ a. smaller/farther away. up and look for the missing buddy.
£ b. more colorful. £ d. This is not a buddy separation for the remaining buddy and me.
£ c. less colorful. Stay with the remaining buddy and continue the dive while the
£ d. larger/closer. one who is missing looks for us.

2. While underwater, I want to move efficiently by 6. The buddy system is _______________ responsibility.
£ a. moving as quickly as possible. £ a. my buddy’s
£ b. being streamlined. £ b. the divemaster’s
£ c. having just a little more weight than I actually need. £ c. my
£ d. swimming slowly and steadily. £ d. no one’s
£ e. maintaining proper trim. 7. My buddy and I are planning a shore dive. We’re descending onto a very
3. During a dive, I can’t stop shivering. The proper response would be to gradual slope that begins at 5 metres/15 feet, so our descent and ascent
£ a. exit the water immediately, dry off and seek warmth. will be a gradual part of swimming out and back underwater. We have
similar cylinders filled to 200 bar/3000 psi. We plan:
£ b. exit the water as planned, but wear more exposure protection
next time. • 50 bar/500 psi reserve.

£ c. exit the water when convenient, and swim rapidly to warm up. • 20 bar/300 psi for our safety stop.
• To turn the dive when we’ve used one-third of the air available to use
4. During a dive, my buddy and I have to swim hard because of an unex-
on the dive.
pected current. If I were to begin to feel fatigued, have labored breath-
ing, experience a feeling of suffocation or air starvation, and perhaps feel This means we should head back when either of our SPGs read
like I may panic, I should £ a. 70 bar/800 psi
£ a. signal “up” and head to the surface. £ b. 145 bar/1900 psi
£ b. switch to an alternate air source. £ c. 157 bar/2270 psi
£ c. stop all activity, signal my buddy and rest. £ d. 170 bar/2500 psi

5. When planning our dive, my two buddies and I agreed that the general 8. My fin strap comes loose (later I discover that I didn’t buckle it properly)
procedure for buddy separation would be adequate. If during the dive I while swimming at the surface in choppy waves. Which of the following
find I am with one buddy but can’t see the other, which of the following habits would help me as I handle this problem?
applies? £ a. Having my mask on and a mouthpiece in my mouth.
£ a. This is a buddy separation. Stay with the remaining buddy and £ b. Having enough air in my BCD for adequate buoyancy.
search for no more than a minute, then reunite on the surface. £ c. Staying close to and signaling my buddy.

114
9. I’m about to begin a descent with my buddy. Which of the following 13. While boat diving, my buddy and I finish our safety stop and ascend to
steps should I take before actually beginning my descent? the surface. When I reach the surface, I should
£ a. equalize my ears £ a. switch to my snorkel, inflate my BCD and signal “okay” to the
£ b. orient myself to something at the surface divemaster.
£ c. check that my computer is active £ b. signal “okay” to the divemaster, switch to my snorkel and
£ d. confirm that my buddy is ready inflate my BCD.
£ e. add air to my BCD £ c. inflate my BCD, switch to my snorkel and signal “okay” to the
divemaster.
10. My buddies and I are wearing wet suits for exposure protec-
tion. As I descend, my buoyancy will ____________, so I should 14. Match the letter with the characteristics of the exposure suit type.
_______________ to control my buoyancy. a. insulation provided by layer of air and undergarment
£ a. remain constant, do nothing b. proper fit is important to keep water trapped against your body
£ b. increase, release air infrequently from my BCD in large c. little or no insulation
amounts _____ wet suit

section two
_____ dry suit
£ c. increase, release air frequently from my BCD in small amounts
_____ skin suit
£ d. decrease, add air infrequently to my BCD in large amounts
£ e. decrease, add air frequently to my BCD in small amounts 15. Which of the following can be a problem before the dive when diving
on a warm day in a wet or dry suit?
11. I should never descend or ascend without a reference that I can follow
£ a. proper weighting
or make contact with.
£ b. entering the water
£ True
£ c. overheating
£ False
£ d. hypothermia
12. As a prudent, conservative diver, the following are normal parts of my
16. If I have only one cutting tool, the recommendation is that I wear it
ascents:
where __________ hand can reach it
£ a. ascending at 18 m/60 ft per minute (or slower if specified by
£ a. my right
my computer)
£ b. my left
£ b. inflating my BCD to begin my ascent
£ c. my dominant
£ c. stopping for 3 minutes at approximately 5 metres/15 feet
£ d. either
£ d. adjusting my buoyancy in small amounts frequently

Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely, I have had
explained to me and I understand what I missed.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________
Name Date

115
Knowledge Review Three 7. Risks of diving beyond my training and experience limits include that
£ a. in some forms of diving, the hazards are not obvious.
£ b. it can cause me to have a false sense of security.
Some questions may have more than one correct answer.
£ c. anxiety from doing so can distract me from noticing other
Choose all that apply. problems.
1. One way to avoid disorientation while descending and ascending is to 8. While planning a shore dive, my dive buddy says it will be “no problem”
£ a. close my eyes. diving in high surf that I’ve never been trained in nor have experience
£ b. stay away from any objects. with. Looking at the surf, I don’t think I am prepared for diving in it. My
£ c. follow a reference. best response is to
£ d. monitor my air supply closely. £ a. agree to dive, but be ready to back out at any moment.
2. My buddy and I are diving from a boat and there’s a mild current. In £ b. make the dive using the techniques I’ve learned for little to mild
most circumstances, we would ___________ for the first part of the dive. surf.
£ a. swim into the current £ c. politely refuse to dive and suggest an alternate location with no
£ b. let the current carry us significant surf.
£ c. not try to go anywhere 9. To prevent and/or handle injuries caused by aquatic life, I should
3. My buddy and I get disoriented while boat diving. There is a mild cur- £ a. generally touch animals if I want, but only if I am familiar with
rent, and we surface away from the boat. We should ___________. them.
If unable to reach the boat or too tired, we should _____________. £ b. watch where I put my feet, hands and knees.
£ a. swim into the current to get ahead of the boat, redescend and £ c. wear an exposure suit.
return on the bottom. £ d. treat all organisms with respect.
£ b. swim across the current to reach the trail line, become buoyant £ e. be familiar with potentially hazardous animals where I’m diving.
and signal the boat to pick us up. £ f. be prepared to provide first aid for aquatic life injuries.
£ c. signal that we are okay, swim for shore. £ g. touch only dead stinging organisms.
£ d. swim with the current until rested, swim to the bottom and 10. My buddy and I accidentally find ourselves in a rip current. There are
swim into the current. no special, local procedures, so we follow the generally recommended
4. My buddy and I remain neutrally buoyant and stay above the bottom action of
enough to avoid contact. We do this because bottom contact £ a. inflating our BCDs and swimming against the current.
£ a. may injure or kill fragile aquatic life. £ b. deflating our BCDs and swimming against it on the bottom.
£ b. tends to disturb the bottom and reduce the visibility. £ c. deflating our BCDs and swimming parallel to shore.
£ c. increases the risk of accidental cuts, scrapes or stings. £ d. inflating our BCDs and swimming parallel to shore.

5. When assessing conditions, if there is anything that causes me signifi- 11. Depending upon my location, tides can cause significant changes to
cant anxiety or concern, if I can’t address it, I should not dive. Ultimately, depth, currents and visibility, or they may have hardly any effect.
I am responsible for my own safety, so only I can make the final decision £ True
to dive. £ False
£ True 12. When boarding a dive boat, the divemaster asks me to fill my name in
£ False on the roll. The reason for this is to
6. When planning to dive in an environment that is new to me, it is rec- £ a. make sure I paid.
ommended that I get a local orientation from an experienced diver or £ b. check my certification number.
professional who knows the procedures, hazards, points of interest and £ c. see if I have a buddy.
other factors unique to the environment. £ d. make sure everyone’s aboard after each dive.
£ True 13. The best entry is usually the
£ False £ a. giant stride.
£ b. seated back roll.
£ c. easiest one.

170
14. I should stay well away from the boat propeller at all times, even when 21. While diving, I begin to feel exhausted and air-starved because I have
the engine isn’t running. been swimming strenuously. I should
£ True £ a. descend slightly.
£ False £ b. signal “stop” and rest.
£ c. immediately ascend.
15. My buddy and I are diving from a boat in mild to moderate current.
£ d. switch to an alternate air source.
There is a line from the back of the boat where we’ll enter, which leads
to the mooring line at the front of the boat. The purpose of the line 22. In helping a responsive diver, after you check for breathing and provide
leading to the mooring line is to CPR as needed (once out of the water), which of the following has the
£ a. provide a backup to the mooring line. highest priority?
£ b. allow us to swim to it if we surface away from the boat. £ a. Contact emergency medical care.
£ c. guide our descent to the bottom. £ b. Give the diver emergency oxygen.
£ d. let us pull ourselves to the mooring line. £ c. Keep the diver warm.
£ d. Write down what happened.
16. My buddy and I surface and the boat is not in sight, nor is there a float
and we are beyond sight of shore. We should inflate our BCDs, deploy 23. Although it shouldn’t have happened, on a dive at 10 metres/30 feet,
our surface signaling devices and stay together. I fail to watch my SPG and run out of air. I don’t have a pony bottle
£ True or self-contained ascent bottle. My buddy is about 12 metres/40 feet
£ False away, and has an alternate second stage. My best option is probably to
£ a. make a normal ascent.
17. Training that expands and develops my skills in preventing and manag-
£ b. ascend using an alternate air source.
ing problems include:

section three
£ c. make a controlled emergency swimming ascent.
£ a. PADI Digital Underwater Photographer.
£ d. make a buoyant emergency ascent.
£ b. PADI Rescue Diver.
£ c. PADI Emergency Oxygen Provider. 24. Any diver who has been unresponsive in or under water requires medi-
£ d. Emergency First Response Primary and Secondary Care courses. cal examination, even if the person seems fully recovered.
18. At the surface, I have a problem. If I have not already done so, the first £ True
thing I should do is £ False
£ a. make myself buoyant (inflate BCD and/or drop weights). 25. At a minimum, I should have ____ visual and ____ audible signaling
£ b. ask for help. devices.
£ c. relax and avoid overexertion. £ a. 1, 1
19. A diver at the surface begins to struggle. He has wide, unseeing eyes £ b. 2, 1
and he has pushed off his mask. His BCD isn’t inflated and he doesn’t £ c. 1, 2
inflate it when the divemaster calls for him to do so. This diver is £ d. 2, 2
_______________. To help, I should first ______________. 26. My buddy and I are underwater within 6 metres/20 feet of our float
£ a. in control; encourage the diver to relax with a locally-recognized dive flag. We hear a boat, and it sounds close
£ b. in control; tow the diver and is getting closer.
£ c. out of control; provide encouragement £ a. This isn’t an issue. The flag will keep the boat at a safe distance.
£ d. out of control; make myself and the diver buoyant (inflate BCD/ £ b. We should stay deep enough to be safe. The boater may not
drop weights) see or recognize the flag.
20. With an unresponsive diver underwater, the primary concern is
___________. Once at the surface, besides establishing buoyancy and Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best
calling for help, the primary concern is ________________. of my ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely, I have
£ a. replacing the mouthpiece, towing to safety rapidly had explained to me and I understand what I missed.
£ b. getting the victim to the surface, checking for breathing and
providing rescue breaths if the victim isn’t breathing Name____________________________________________________________
£ c. compressing the torso, providing emergency oxygen Date_____________________________________________________________

171
Knowledge
wledge Review Four 8. One reason it is important to be certified as a PADI Enriched Air Diver,
or under the supervision of a PADI Enriched Air Instructor, before using
Some questions may have more than one correct answe
answer. enriched air nitrox is to avoid oxygen toxicity problems.
ose all that apply.
Choose £ True
£ False
1. During an underwater cleanup, my buddy and I fill a large mesh utility
9. During a dive, I begin to have a headache, feel ill and dizzy. Are these
bag with several kilograms/pounds of garbage. We should
possible symptoms of contaminated air?
£ a. attach the bag to our gear.
£ Yes
£ b. carry the bag in our hands.
£ No
2. I have a bit of a cold but feel I can manage the dive well enough, so it is
10. To avoid contaminated air, I should have my cylinder filled only at reputa-
okay to dive.
ble scuba air sources.
£ True
£ True
£ False
£ False
3. Exertion from swimming hard, carrying equipment, climbing a ladder,
11. The two primary factors that influence how much nitrogen dissolves into
long walks wearing gear, and heat stress from wearing an exposure
my body tissues during a dive are ________ and _________.
suit in a hot climate can lead to heart attack in predisposed individuals.
These factors can also cause problems for people with other cardiovas- £ a. depth, time
cular conditions. £ b. temperature, time
£ True £ c. depth, temperature
£ False 12. If I exceed established depth and time limits while diving and then
4. Before diving, I should refrain from using surface, bubbles can form in my body tissues, causing decompression
sickness.
£ a. alcohol.
£ True
£ b. tobacco.
£ False
5. Medications can create problems when diving, so I should use prescrip-
tion drugs and over-the-counter medications with caution. Any drug that 13. After a dive, a diver has numbness, tingling and weakness in the arms.
affects my judgment, thinking and/or reactions should generally not be Are these possible signs/symptoms of DCS?
used before diving. £ Yes
£ True £ No
£ False 14. Secondary factors thought to contribute to DCS include
6. It is recommended that pregnant women do not dive. £ a. age.
£ True £ b. cold.
£ False £ c. injuries.
£ d. poor fitness/high body fat
7. As a new PADI Open Water Diver, I should refresh my dive skills with a
uba Review after ___________ of inactivity.
PADI Scuba
£ nth
a. one month
£ b. six months
£ c. one year
£ d. five years

218
15. A no stop dive means I can, ________ the dive, ascend directly to the 20. During a dive with my dive computer, my buddy and I will turn the
surface without stopping if necessary (although I would normally plan dive based on the first limit we reach: remaining no stop time or air
a safety stop). supply turn point.
£ a. for the first half of £ True
£ b. for the last half of £ False
£ c. at any time during 21. When diving with a computer, it is recommended that I
16. If I am planning a dive to 12 metres/40 feet, my no stop limit will be £ a. dive well within its limits.
______ than my no stop limit for a dive to 10 metres/30 feet. £ b. follow the most conservative computer – mine or my buddy’s.
£ a. longer £ c. start at the deepest point and progress shallower.
£ b. shorter £ d. ascend slowly and make a safety stop.
17. Exceeding my computer or table’s ascent rate may increase my risk of 22. During a dive, my dive computer fails, and I’m not using a backup. I
DCS. should
£ True £ a. continue the dive based on my buddy’s computer.
£ False £ b. ascend, make a safety stop and end the dive.
18. On a repetitive dive, for a given depth my no stop limits will be £ c. stay for the duration we planned before the dive.
______ those of the first dive. 23. One reason it is important to have environmentally-friendly dive skills

section four
£ a. longer than is to preserve the natural beauty for other divers.
£ b. shorter than £ True
£ c. the same as £ False
19. I must use the same dive computer the entire day of diving, on all
dives, and not share it with another diver.
£ True
£ False

Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely, I have
had explained to me and I understand what I missed.

Name______________________________________________________________________
Name_________________________________________________________________________________ Date _______________________________________

219
Knowledge Review Five 7. On a dive boat, after coming aboard two divers discover they accidentally
surfaced without making an emergency decompression stop. They should
Some questions may have more than one correct answer. __________, and not dive for at least 24 hours.
Choose all that apply. £ a. re-enter the water and make the stops
£ b. exercise and drink fluids
1. My buddy and I have just finished a dive to 15 metres/50 feet for 60 £ c. relax, breathe oxygen and check themselves for DCS symptoms
minutes. We want to return to the same site and depth and stay another 8. In an emergency decompression situation, I find I won’t have enough air
60 minutes. We can ______________________ to see about how long we to complete all the required stop time. I should
have to remain at the surface to have enough no stop time. £ a. stay at the stop until out of air, then make a controlled emergency
£ a. wait and check our no stop times on our computers periodically swimming ascent.
£ b. use the dive computer plan mode, if our computers have them, £ b. surface immediately and not make the stop at all.
£ c. use a dive planning app £ c. stop as long as I can, but save enough air to surface and exit safely.
£ d. check the RDP Table or eRDPML
9. To help a diver with suspected decompression illness, I should
2. Going to altitude after diving may be a problem because £ a. monitor the diver’s breathing and provide CPR as necessary.
£ a. dive computers read too deep at altitude. £ b. contact emergency medical care.
£ b. oxygen toxicity problems result from the thinner air. £ c. have the diver sit or stand as much as possible.
£ c. most decompression models are based on surfacing at sea level. £ d. provide emergency oxygen.
3. I’ve just finished a single no stop dive with my buddy. We have not been 10. Nearly all cases of decompression illness require treatment
diving in the past several days, and this is the only dive we make. Based on £ a. in the water.
current recommendations, the minimum surface interval before we fly is £ b. in a recompression chamber.
£ a. 6 hours. £ c. with bubble-dissolving drugs.
£ b. 12 hours.
11. During a dive, I feel I’m having trouble thinking clearly. I should
£ c. 18 hours.
£ a. carefully continue.
£ d. 24 hours.
£ b. signal my buddy and ascend to a shallower depth.
4. I need to use special altitude diving procedures when diving at an altitude
12. On a standard underwater compass, the magnetic north needle
greater than
£ a. points to magnetic north.
£ a. 150 metres/500 feet.
£ b. indicates my travel direction.
£ b. 300 metres/1000 feet.
£ c. points south on a reciprocal course.
£ c. 600 metres/2000 feet.
£ d. is absent.
£ d. 3000 metres/10,000 feet.
13. My buddy and I want to travel in a straight line using a compass, I should
5. If I am cold or exercise a lot during a dive, I may surface with more nitro-
point the _________ in our desired travel direction, then rotate the
gen than calculated by my dive computer or dive tables.
___________ until the _______ is/are over the __________.
£ True
£ a. lubber line, magnetic north needle, heading references
£ False
£ b. magnetic north needle, bezel, index marks, lubber line
6. At the end of a dive, my dive buddy’s foot gets tangled in an abandoned £ c. heading references, bezel, lubber line, magnetic north needle
fishing net. It takes five minutes to get free, but that delays our ascent £ d. lubber line, bezel, index marks, magnetic north needle
making us exceed our no stop limit. This means that before we surface,
14. As a PADI Open Water Diver, I have been trained to a maximum depth of
we will have to make a(n) ___________ stop to return our nitrogen level
________ (or the actual depth I reached, if shallower).
from outside the accepted limits.
£ a. 12 metres/40 feet
£ a. safety
£ b. 18 metres/60 feet
£ b. emergency decompression
£ c. 24 metres/80 feet
£ d. 30 metres/100 feet

Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely, I have had ex-
plained to me and I understand what I missed.

Name_________________________________________________________________________________ Date _______________________________________