The big 5 personality

In 1980s Lewis Goldberg a psychologist developed the five factor model of personality traits.
The Big Five Model, also known as the Five-Factor Model, is the most widely accepted personality theory held by
psychologists today.
The theory states that personality can be boiled down to five core factors, known by the acronym CANOE or OCEAN.
 The Big Five personality traits are:

● Openness - How open a person is to new ideas and experiences

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● Conscientiousness - How goal-directed, persistent ( 0/(.( ,+*)"( '(&%"$!"# ، %$!
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● Extraversion - How much a person is energized by the outside world

● Agreeableness - How much a person puts others' interests and needs ahead of their own

● Neuroticism - How sensitive a person is to stress and negative emotional triggers

Main traits:

● Extraversion is sociability, fun-loving ( assertiveness; its opposite is Introversion)

● agreeableness is kindness, trusting, helpful ( compassion, respectfulness, trust in others)

● openness is creativity and intrigue, imaginative, spontaneous. (includes aspects such as intellectual curiosity and
creative imagination)

● conscientiousness is thoughtfulness, disciplined, careful , ( organisation, productiveness, responsibility)

● neuroticism often involves sadness or emotional instability. ( perfection , jittery )

 Low vs High of personalities:

Neuroticism:

● Neuroticism describes the overall emotional stability of an individual through how they perceive the world.

● Neuroticism is a human personality trait usually defined as a tendency toward negative feelings and emotions.
● It takes into account how likely a person is to interpret events as threatening or difficult.

● in psychology and development, a broad personality trait dimension representing the degree to which a person
experiences the world as distressing, threatening, and unsafe.

● Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability.

● Those low in this personality trait tend to be more stable and emotionally resilient. ( resilient person : 1. recover
quickly from difficult situations , 2. Ability to bounce back from difficult life events.)

● Neurotic individuals (that is, those who are high on the neuroticism dimension) tend to feel dissatisfied with
themselves and their lives.

● They are more likely to report minor health problems and to feel general discomfort in a wide range of situations.
● have poor self-regulation abilities

● Research says that a person with this trait often tries to be a perfectionist even in his/her daily activities and suffer
from stress as a result of extreme anxiety. This trait forces one to focus on the negative aspects of every situation
rather than positive ones.
High:
● people who are high in neuroticism tend to b anxious and worry more than others. This trait has been linked to
hypersensitivity of the amygdala, the portion of the brain for noticing threats.
● People are more sensitive to negative cues in their environment( Atomic habits).
● Individuals who are high in neuroticism tend to experience mood swings, anxiety, irritability, and sadness
● Neurotic individuals are more prone to negative emotions (such as anxiety, depression, anger, and guilt) .
● Experiences a lot of stress
● Worries about many different things
● Gets upset easily
● Gets irritated easily
● Experiences dramatic shifts in mood
● Feels anxious
● Struggles to bounce back after stressful events
● Tend to be tense
● Not very relaxed

Low:
● Emotionally stable
● Deals well with stress
● Rarely feels sad or depressed
● Doesn't worry much
● Is very relaxed and calm

Key traits studied in Emotional intelligence class:

● Tendency to experience negative unpleasant feelings from any given situation
● Emotionally intense people
● Emotionally reactive
● Jittery (If someone is jittery, they feel nervous or are behaving nervously).
● Nervous

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● They have everything arranged , Every single thing is arranged in their room , desk , car and life according to them ,
and they work so hard to maintain this arrangement. That is why they are called neurotic or finicky .

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● Productive ( N and C type people running this world. )

Common traits of Neuroticism:

People with a high level of neuroticism have a broad range of negative characteristics. The following are some of the
common neurotic traits that can be observed in a neurotic person:
● Negative emotions
● Personal dissatisfaction and insecurities
● Pessimistic nature about circumstances
● Self-doubt and low self-esteem
● Poor emotional stability
● Unable to handle stress
● Extreme worry or anxiety
● Self-consciousness
 ● Tendency of ruminating things
● Lack of resilience
● Anger and irritability
● Tendency of seeing minor issues as overwhelming Feeling of guilt
● Depression or chronic sadness
● Tendency of perceiving neutral situations as threatening Substance abuse
● Weak immune system
● Social anxiety and discomfort
● Withdrawal when suffering from anxiety
● Volatile emotions
● Jealousy and feelings of envy

Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability

Those who score high on neuroticism often feel anxious, insecure and self-pitying. They are often perceived as moody and
irritable. They are prone to excessive sadness and low self-esteem.
Those who score low on neuroticism are more likely to calm, secure and self-satisfied. They are less likely to be perceived
as anxious or moody. They are more likely to have high self-esteem and remain resilient.

Health
Neuroticism seems to be a risk factor for many health problems, including depression, schizophrenia, diabetes, asthma,
irritable bowel syndrome, and heart disease (Lahey, 2009).
People high in neuroticism are particularly vulnerable to mood disorders such as depression. Low agreeableness has also
been linked to higher chances of health problems (John & Srivastava, 1999).

Work
Conscientiousness is the strongest predictor of all five traits for job performance (John & Srivastava, 1999). A high score
of conscientiousness has been shown to relate to high work performance across all dimensions.
Agreeableness and neuroticism predict better performance in jobs where teamwork is involved.
However, agreeableness is negatively related to individual proactivity. Openness to experience is positively related to
individual proactivity but negatively related to team efficiency (Neal et al., 2012).
Extraversion is a predictor of leadership, as well as success in sales and management positions (John & Srivastava, 1999).
● most neurotic people are artist , good paints , songs , books are done by neurotics

Media Preference
Manolika (2023) examined how the Big Five personality traits relate to preferences for different genres of movies and
books. The study surveyed 386 university students on their Big Five traits and preferences for 21 movie and 27 book types.
Results showed openness to experience predicted liking complex movies like documentaries and unconventional books like
philosophy. This aligns with past research showing open people like cognitively challenging art (Swami & Furnham, 2019).
Conscientiousness predicted preferring informational books, while agreeableness predicted conventional genres like family
movies and romance books.
Neuroticism only predicted preferring light books, not movies.
Extraversion did not predict preferences, contrary to hypotheses.

Coping with neuroticisms:

Neuroticism is not a psychological disorder rather a personality trait that involves a tendency towards negative emotions.
Thatʼs why there is no treatment to prevent such negative emotions, but a neurotic person can adopt some coping
strategies to live a healthy life. One needs to focus on the positive aspects of different situations. If any problems appear, it
is important to focus on the problem and not on the emotion. Along with this, connecting with new people and making
strong relationships without any hesitation can also bring positive impacts. However, if one is facing a lot of difficulties due
to their high levels of neuroticism, they should consult with a mental health professional and seek medical support.
 Advices by Jordan Peterson for neurotic people:
● Increase in Conscientiousness to lower N , the higher C the lower N
● Establish discipline habits.
● Schedule the day
● Clean your room
● Organise your life
● Get a routine
● Get up everyday on the same time
● Get on bed at same time

C people are organized .