Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

Exercise-I
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at an angle 60°. If a ray of light incident on the first
mirror is parallel to the second mirror, it is reflected from the second mirror
(A) Perpendicular to the first mirror (B) Parallel to the first mirror
(C) Parallel to the second mirror (D) Perpendicular to the second mirror
2. Two mirrors are inclined at an angle  as shown in the figure. Light ray is incident parallel to
one of the mirrors. Light will start retracing its path after third reflection if :

(A)  = 45° (B)  = 30° (C)  = 60° (D) all three

3. The view in the figure is from above a plane mirror suspended by a thread connected to the centre
of the mirror at point A. A scale is located 0.75 m (the distance from point A to point P) to the
right of the centre of the mirror. Initially, the plane of the mirror is parallel to the side of the
scale; and the angle of incidence of a light ray which is directed at the centre of the mirror is 30º.
A small torque applied to the thread causes the mirror to turn 11.5° away from its initial position.
The reflected ray then intersects the scale at point Q.
////

11.5º
//////

Normal to the mirror

//////

in its intial position.

Initial Position
//////

of the mirror .
//////

30º
//////

A P
//////

0.75m
//////
//////

The distance from point P to point Q on the scale is

(A) 1.00 m (B) 0.56 m (C) 1.02 m (D) 0.86 m.
4. A point object is kept in front of a plane mirror. The plane mirror is performing SHM of
amplitude 2 cm. The plane mirror moves along the x-axis and x- axis is normal to the mirror.
The amplitude of the mirror is such that the object is always infront of the mirror. The amplitude
of SHM of the image is
(A) zero (B) 2 cm (C) 4 cm (D) 1 cm
5. A person’s eye is at a height of 1.5 m. He stands infront of a 0.3m long plane mirror which is
0.8 m above the ground. The length of the image he sees of himself is:
(A) 1.5m (B) 1.0m (C) 0.8m (D) 0.6m

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
1
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

6. An unnumbered wall clock shows time 04: 25: 37, where 1st term represents hours, 2nd
represents minutes and the last term represents seconds. What time will its image in a plane
mirror show.
(A) 08: 35: 23 (B) 07: 35: 23 (C) 07: 34: 23 (D) none of these
7. An object and a plane mirror are as shown in figure. Mirror is moved with velocity V as shown.
The velocity of image is :
Object (fixed) V

//////////////////////////
Mirror
(A) 2 V sin (B) 2 V (C) 2V cos (D) none of these
8. ˆ ˆ ˆ
A plane mirror is moving with velocity 4i  5j  8k . A point object in front of the mirror moves
with a velocity 3iˆ  4jˆ  5kˆ . Here k̂ is along the normal to the plane mirror and facing towards
the object. The velocity of the image is :
(A) 3iˆ  4jˆ  5kˆ (B) 3iˆ  4jˆ  11kˆ (C) 3iˆ  4jˆ  11kˆ (D) 7iˆ  9jˆ  11kˆ
9. Two plane mirrors are parallel to each other and spaced 20 cm apart. An object is kept in between
them at 15 cm from A. Out of the following at which point(s) image(s) is/are not formed in
mirror A (distance measured from mirror A) :
(A) 15 cm (B) 25 cm (C) 45 cm (D) 55 cm
10. An object of height 1 cm is kept perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of radius
of curvature 20 cm. If the distance of the object from the mirror is 20 cm then the distance (in
cm) between heads of the image and the object will be:
6404 6414 40
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
9 9 3
11. A point object is kept between a plane mirror and a concave mirror facing each other. The distance
between the mirrors is 22.5 cm. Plane mirror is placed perpendicular to principal axis of concave
mirror. The radius of curvature of the concave mirror is 20 cm. What should be the distance of the
object from the concave mirror so that after two successive reflections the final image is formed
on the object itself ? (Consider first reflection from concave mirror)
(A) 5 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 7.5 cm
12. A square ABCD of side 1mm is kept at distance 15 cm infront of the concave mirror as shown
in the figure. The focal length of the mirror is 10 cm. The length of the perimeter of its image
will be (nearly):

(A) 8 mm (B) 2 mm (C) 12 mm (D) 6 mm

13. In the figure shown find the total magnification after two successive reflections first on M1 and
then on M2.

(A) + 1 (B) – 2 (C) + 2 (D) – 1

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
2
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

14. A luminous point object is moving along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length
12 cm towards it. When its distance from the mirror is 20 cm its velocity is 4 cm/s. The velocity
of the image in cm/s at that instant is
(A) 6, towards the mirror (B) 6, away from the mirror
(C) 9, away from the mirror (D) 9, towards the mirror.
15. A particle is moving towards a fixed spherical mirror. The image:
(A) must move away from the mirror (B) must move towards the mirror
(C) may move towards the mirror (D) will move towards the mirror, only if the mirror is
convex.
16. A point object on the principal axis at a distance 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 20 cm has velocity 2 mm/s perpendicular to the principal axis. The magnitude of
velocity of image at that instant will be:
(A) 2 mm/s (B) 4 mm/s (C) 8 mm/s (D) 16 mm/s
17. In the figure M1 and M2 are two fixed mirrors as shown. If the object 'O' moves towards the plane
mirror, then the image I (which is formed after two successive reflections from M1 & M2
respectively) will move

(A) towards right (B) towards left (C) with zero velocity (D) cannot be determined
18. A point object at 15 cm from a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm is made to oscillate
along the principal axis with amplitude 2 mm. The amplitude of its image will be
(A) 2 mm (B) 4 mm (C) 8 mm (D) 16 mm
19. The distance of an object from the focus of a convex mirror of radius of curvature ' a ' is ' b '.
Then the distance of the image from the focus is:
(A) b2 / 4a (B) a / b2 (C) a2 / 4b (D) 4b / a2
20. The largest distance of the image of a real object from a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm can
be:
(A) 20 cm (B) infinite
(C) 10 cm (D) depends on the position of the object
21. Which of the following can form erect, virtual, diminished image?
(A) plane mirror (B) concave mirror (C) convex mirror (D) none of these
22.  is the image of a point object O formed by spherical mirror, then which of the following
statements is incorrect :
(A) If O and  are on same side of the principal axis, then they have to be on opposite sides of
the mirror.
(B) If O and  are on opposite side of the principal axis, then they have to be on same side of the
mirror.
(C) If O and  are on opposite side of the principal axis, then they can be on opposite side of the
mirror as well.
(D) If O is on principal axis then  has to lie on principal axis only.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
3
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

23. An object is placed at a distance u from a concave mirror and its real image is received on a
screen placed at a distance of v from the mirror. If f is the focal length of the mirror, then the
graph between 1/v versus 1/u is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

24. A real inverted image in a concave mirror is represented by graph (u, v, f are coordinates)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

25. When observed from the earth the angular diameter of the sun is 0.5 degree. The diameter of the
image of the sun when formed in a concave mirror of focal length 0.5 m will be about
(A) 3.0 mm (B) 4.4 mm (C) 5.6 mm (D) 8.8 mm
26. The wavelength of light in vacuum is 6000 Aº and in a medium it is 4000 Aº. The refractive
index of the medium is:
(A) 2.4 (B) 1.5 (C) 1.2 (D) 0.67
27. A ray of light passes from vacuum into a medium of refractive index n. If the angle of incidence
is twice the angle of refraction, then the angle of incidence is:
(A) cos–1 (n/2) (B) sin–1 (n/2) (C) 2 cos–1 (n/2) (D) 2 sin–1 (n/2)
28. A ray of light is incident on a parallel slab of thickness t and refractive index n. If the angle of
incidence is small, then the displacement in the incident and emergent ray will be:
t  (n 1) t t n
(A) (B) (C) (D) none
n n n 1
29. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at grazing incidence on
a slab with variable refractive index, n (y) = [k y3/2 + 1]1/2 where
k = 1 m 3/2 and follows path as shown in the figure. What is the
total deviation produced by slab when the ray comes out.
(A) 60º (B) 53º (C) sin 1 (4/9) (D) no deviation at all
30. A beam of light is converging towards a point. A plane parallel
plate of glass of thickness t, refractive index  is introduced in the
path of the beam as shown in the figure. The convergent point is
shifted by (assume near normal incidence):
 1  1
(A) t 1   away (B) t 1  away
   
 1  1
(C) t 1   nearer (D) t 1  nearer
   

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
4
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

31. Given that, velocity of light in quartz = 1.5  108 m/s and velocity of light in glycerine = (9/4) 
108 m/s. Now a slab made of quartz is placed in glycerine as shown. The shift of the object
produced by slab is

(A) 6 cm (B) 3.55 cm (C) 9 cm (D) 2 cm

32. The critical angle of light going from medium A to medium B is . The speed of light in medium
A is v. The speed of light in medium B is:
v
(A) (B) v sin  (C) v cot  (D) v tan 
sin 
33. A rectangular metal tank filled with a certain liquid is as shown in the figure. The observer,
whose eye is in level with the top of the tank can just see the corner E of the tank. Therefore, the
refractive index of the liquid is

eye

3m

E
4m
(A) 1.67 (B) 1.50 (C) 1.33 (D) 1.25
34. A point source of light is viewed through a plate of glass of thickness t and of refractive index
1.5. The source appears
(A) closer by a distance 2t/3 (B) closer by a distance t/3
(C) farther by a distance t/3 (D) farther by a distance 2t/3
35. A ray of monochromatic light is incident on one refracting face of a prism of angle 75°. It passes
through the prism and is incident on the other face at the critical angle. If the refractive index of
the material of the prism is 2, the angle of incidence on the first face of the prism is
(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 0°
36. A prism having refractive index 2 and refracting angle 30º, has one of the refracting surfaces
polished. A beam of light incident on the other refracting surface will retrace its path if the angle
of incidence is:
(A) 0º (B) 30º (C) 45º (D) 60º
37. A ray of light is incident at angle i on a surface of a prism of small angle A and emerges normally
from the opposite surface. If the refractive index of the material of the prism is , the angle of
incidence i is nearly equal to :
(A) A/ (B) A/(2 ) (C) A (D) A/2

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
5
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

38. A prism of refractive index 2 has refracting angle 60º. Answer the following questions
(a) In order that a ray suffers minimum deviation it should be incident at an angle :
(A) 45° (B) 90° (C) 30° (D) none
(b) Angle of minimum deviation is :
(A) 45° (B) 90° (C) 30° (D) none
(c) Angle of maximum deviation is :
(A) 45° (B) sin–1 ( 2 sin15º)
(C) 30º + sin–1 ( 2 sin15º) (D) none
39. The maximum refractive index of a material, of a prism of apex angle 90º, for which light may
be transmitted is:
(A) 3 (B) 1.5 (C) 2 (D) None of these
40. A prism having an apex angle of 4° and refractive index of 1.50 P
is located in front of a vertical plane mirror as shown in the figure.
A horizontal ray of light is incident on the prism. The total angle
through which the ray is deviated is : M

(A) 4° clockwise (B) 178° clockwise (C) 2° clockwise (D) 8° clockwise

41. There is a small black dot at the centre C of a solid glass sphere of refractive index . When seen
from outside, the dot will appear to be located:
(A) away from C for all values of  (B) at C for all values of 
(C) at C for  = 1.5, but away from C for   1.5 (D) at C only for 2 
1.5.
42. The image for the converging beam after refraction through the curved surface (in the given
figure) is formed at:
n=1
n=3/2

O P x

30
R=20cm

40 40 180
(A) x = 40 cm (B) x =
cm (C) x =  cm (D) x = cm
3 3 7
43. In the given figure a plano-concave lens is placed on a paper on which a flower is drawn. How
far above its actual position does the flower appear to be ?

(A) 10 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 50 cm (D) none of these

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
6
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

44. A beam of diameter ‘d’ is incident on a glass hemisphere as shown in the figure.
If the radius of curvature of the hemisphere is very large in comparison to d,
then the diameter of the beam at the base of the hemisphere will be:
3 d 2
(A) d (B) d (C) (D) d
4 3 3
45. A convexo - concave diverging lens is made of glass of refractive index 1.5 and focal length 24
cm. Radius of curvature for one surface is double that of the other. Then radii of curvature for
the two surfaces are (in cm):
(A) 6, 12 (B) 12, 24 (C) 3, 6 (D) 18, 36
46. Two symmetric double convex lenses A and B have same focal length, but the radii of curvature
differ so that, RA = 0.9 RB. If nA = 1.63, find nB.
(A) 1.7 (B) 1.6 (C) 1.5 (D) 4/3
47. When a lens of power P (in air) made of material of refractive index  is immersed in liquid of
refractive index 0. Then the power of lens is:
 1   0   0 P
(A) P (B) P (C) . (D) none of these
  0  1   1 0
48. A lens behaves as a converging lens in air and a diverging lens in water. The refractive index of
the material is (refractive index of water = 1.33)
(A) equal to unity (B) equal to 1.33
(C) between unity and 1.33 (D) greater than 1.33
49. The diameter of the sun subtends an angle of 0.5° at the surface of the earth. A converging lens
of focal length 100 cm is used to provide an image of the sun on to a screen. The diameter (in
mm) of the image formed is nearly
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 9
50. A thin lens of focal length f and its aperture diameter d, forms a real image of intensity I. Now
the central part of the aperture upto diameter (d/2) is blocked by an opaque paper. The focal
length and image intensity would change to :
(A) f/2, I/2 (B) f, I/4 (C) 3f/4, I/2 (D) f, 3I/4
51. A thin symmetrical double convex lens of power P is cut into three parts, as shown in the figure.
Power of A is:

P P
(A) 2 P (B) (C) (D) P
2 3
52. In the figure given below, there are two convex lens L1 and L2 having focal length of f1 and f2
respectively. The distance between L1 and L2 will be

L1 L2
(A) f1 (B) f2 (C) f1 + f2 (D) f1 – f2

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
7
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

53. An object is placed at a distance u from a converging lens and its real image is received on a
screen placed at a distance of v from the lens. If f is the focal length of the lens, then the graph
between 1/v versus 1/u is:
1/v

(A) (B) (C) (D)

1/u
54. A virtual erect image by a diverging lens is represented by (u, v, f are coordinates)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

55. What should be the value of distance d so that final image is formed on the object itself. (Focal
lengths of the lenses are as given in the figure).

(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 5 cm (D) none of these

56. A thin linear object of size 1 mm is kept along the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length
10 cm. The object is at 15 cm from the lens. The length of the image is:
(A) 1 mm (B) 4 mm (C) 2 mm (D) 8 mm
57. A biconvex lens is used to project a slide on screen. The slide is 2 cm high and placed at 10 cm
from the lens. The image is 18 cm high. What is the focal length of the lens?
(A) 9 cm (B) 18 cm (C) 4.5 cm (D) 20 cm
58. The minimum distance between a real object and its real image formed by a thin converging lens
of focal length f is
(A) 4f (B) 2f (C) f (D) f/2
59. A small fish, 4cm below the surface of a lake, is viewed through a thin converging lens of focal
length 30 cm held 2 cm above the water surface. Refractive index of water is 1.33. The image of
the fish from the lens is at a distance of
(A) 10 cm (B) 8 cm (C) 6 cm (D) 4 cm
3
60. Two plano-convex lenses each of focal length 10 cm & refractive index are placed
2
 4
as shown in the figure. In the space left, water  R.I.   is filled. The whole
 3
arrangement is in air. The optical power of the system is (in dioptre):

(A) 6.67 (B) – 6.67 (C) 33.3 (D) 20

61. A plano-convex lens, when silvered at its plane surface is equivalent to a concave mirror of focal
length 28 cm. When its curved surface is silvered and the plane surface not silvered, it is
equivalent to a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm, then the refractive index of the material of
the lens is:
(A) 9/14 (B) 14/9 (C) 17/9 (D) none
ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
8
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

62. In the above question the radius of curvature of the curved surface of plano-convex lens is :
280 180 39 280
(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 7 3 11
63. The focal length of a plano-concave lens is 10 cm, then its focal length when its plane surface
is polished is (n = 3/2):
(A) 20 cm (B)  5 cm (C) 5 cm (D) none of these
64. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave lens of focal length 20 cm are mounted
coaxially separated by a distance d cm. If the power of the combination is zero, d is equal to
(A) 45 (B) 30 (C) 15 (D) 5
65. The dispersion of light in a medium implies that :
(A) lights of different wavelengths travel with different speeds in the medium
(B) lights of different frequencies travel with different speeds in the medium
(C) the refractive index of medium is different for different wavelengths
(D) all of the above.
66. Critical angle of light passing from glass to air is minimum for
(A) red (B) green (C) yellow (D) violet
67. A plane glass slab is placed over various coloured letters. The letter which appears to be raised
the least is:
(A) violet (B) yellow (C) red (D) green
68. A medium has nv = 1.56, nr = 1.44. Then its dispersive power is:
(A) 3/50 (B) 6/25 (C) 0.03 (D) none of these
69. All the listed things below are made of flint glass. Which one of these have greatest dispersive
power ().
(A) prism (B) glass slab (C) biconvex lens (D) all have same 
70. Light of wavelength 4000 Å is incident at small angle on a prism of apex angle 4º. The prism
has nv = 1.5 & nr = 1.48. The angle of dispersion produced by the prism in this light is:
(A) 0.2º (B) 0.08º (C) 0.192º (D) None of these
71. A simple microscope has a focal length of 5 cm. The magnification at the least distance of distinct
vision is-
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 6
72. In a compound microscope, the intermediate image is -
(A) virtual, erect and magnified (B) real, erect and magnified
(C) real, inverted and magnified (D) virtual, erect and reduced
73. A Galileo telescope has an objective of focal length 100 cm & magnifying power 50. The
distance between the two lenses in normal adjustment will be
(A) 150 cm (B) 100 cm (C) 98 cm (D) 200 cm
74. The convex lens is used in-
(A) Microscope (B) Telescope (C) Projector (D) All of the above
75. The magnifying power of a simple microscope can be increased if an eyepiece of :
(A) shorter focal length is used (B) longer focal length is used
(C) shorter diameter is used (D) longer diameter is used

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
9
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

76. The focal length of the objective of a microscope is

(A) arbitrary (B) less than the focal length of eyepiece
(C) equal to the focal length of eyepiece (D) greater than the focal length of eyepiece
77. An astronomical telescope has an eyepiece of focal-length 5 cm. If the angular magnification in
normal adjustment is 10, when final image is at least distance of distinct vision (25 cm) from eye
piece, then angular magnification will be :
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 50 (D) 60
78. A person with a defective sight is using a lens having a power of +2D. The lens he is using is
(A) concave lens with f = 0.5 m (B) convex lens with f = 2.0 m
(C) concave lens with f = 0.2 m (D) convex lens with f = 0.5 m
79. The focal lengths of the objective and eye-lens of a microscope are 1 cm and 5 cm respectively.
If the magnifying power for the relaxed eye is 45, then the length of the tube is :
(A) 30 cm (B) 25 cm (C) 15 cm (D) 12 cm
80. If the focal length of objective and eye lens are 1.2 cm and 3 cm respectively and the object is
put 1.25 cm away from the objective lens and the final image is formed at infinity. The
magnifying power of the microscope is :
(A) 150 (B) 200 (C) 250 (D) 400

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
10
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

Exercise-S
(SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)
1. Find the angle of deviation (both clockwise and anticlockwise) suffered by a ray incident on a
plane mirror, (as shown in figure) at an angle of incidence 30º.

2. Figure shows a plane mirror on which a light ray is incident. If the incident light ray is turned by
10º and the mirror by 20º, as shown, find the angle turned by the reflected ray.
10º
Reflected ray

30º

20º

3. A light ray is incident on a plane mirror, which after getting reflected strikes another plane
mirror, as shown in figure. The angle between the two mirrors is 60º. Find the angle ‘ ’ shown
in figure.

4. Sun rays are incident at an angle of 24° with the horizon. How can they be directed parallel to
the horizon using a plane mirror?

5. Two plane mirrors are placed as shown in the figure and a point
object 'O' is placed at the origin
(a) How many images will be formed.
(b) Find the position(s) of image(s).
(c) Will the incident ray passing through a point 'P' (1, 1.25) take part
in image formation.
6. A point object is placed at (0, 0) and a plane mirror 'M' is placed, inclined 30º with the x axis.
(a) Find the position of image.
(b) If the object starts moving with velocity 1 î m/s and the mirror is fixed find the velocity of image.
y axis

// M
////
///////
//
////
////
///////
/
////
//// 30º
· //// x axis
Object (1, 0)
(0, 0)

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
11
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

7. A rod of length 5 cm lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm in
such a way that the end farther from the pole is 15 cm away from it. Find the length of the image.
8. A point source is at a distance 35 cm on the optical axis from a spherical concave mirror having
a focal length 25 cm. At what distance measured along the optical axis from the concave mirror
should a plane mirror (perpendicular to principal axis) be placed for the image it forms (due to
rays falling on it after reflection from the concave mirror) to coincide with the point source?
9. Find the diameter of the image of the moon formed by a spherical concave mirror of focal length
11.4 m. The diameter of the moon is 3450 km and the distance between the earth and the moon
is 3.8 ×105 km.
10. The radius of curvature of a convex spherical mirror is 1.2 m. How far away from the mirror is
an object of height 1.2 cm if the distance between its virtual image and the mirror is 0.35 m?
What is the height of the image? [Apply formula for paraxial rays]
11. A converging beam of light rays is incident on a concave spherical mirror whose radius of
curvature is 0.8 m. Determine the position of the point on the optical axis of the mirror where
the reflected rays intersect, if the extensions of the incident rays intersect the optical axis 40 cm
from the mirror’s pole.
12. A point object is placed on the principal axis at 60 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length
40 cm on the principal axis. If the object is moved with a velocity of 10 cm/s (a) along the
principal axis, find the velocity of image (b) perpendicular to the principal axis, find the velocity
of image at that moment.
13. A man uses a concave mirror for shaving. He keeps his face at a distance of 20 cm from the
mirror and gets an image which is 1.5 times enlarged. Find the focal length of the mirror.
14. Two spherical mirrors (convex and concave) having the same focal length of 36 cm are arranged
as shown in figure so that their optical axes coincide. The separation between the mirrors is 1 m.
At what distance from the concave mirror should an object be placed so that its images formed
by the concave and convex mirrors independently are identical in size?

15. A light ray falling at an angle of 60° with the surface of a clean slab of ice of thickness 1.00 m
is refracted into it at an angle of 15°. Calculate the time taken by the light rays to cross the slab.
Speed of light in vacuum = 3 × 108 m/s.
16. A light ray is incident at 45° on a glass slab. The slab is 3 cm thick, and the refractive index of
the glass is 1.5. What will the lateral displacement of the ray be as a result of its passage through
the slab? At what angle will the ray emerge from the slab?
17. In the given figure an observer in air (n = 1) sees the bottom of a observer

beaker filled with water (n = 4/3) upto a height of 40 cm. What

will be the depth felt by this observer. 40cm

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
12
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

18. In the given figure rays incident on an interface would converge

10 cm below the interface if they continued to move in straight
lines without bending. But due to refraction, the rays will bend
and meet some where else. Find the distance of meeting point of
refracted rays below the interface, assuming the rays to be making
small angles with the normal to the interface.
19. A fish is rising up vertically inside a pond with velocity 4 cm/s, and notices a bird, which is
diving vertically downward along the same vertical line as that of fish and its velocity appears
to be 16 cm/s (to the fish). What is the real velocity of the diving bird, if refractive index of water
is 4/3?
20. Find the apparent distance between the observer and the object shown in the figure and shift in
the position of object.
A C

observer object

10cm 10cm 20cm

B D
21. Find the apparent depth of the object seen by observer A (in the figure shown)

22. Locate the image of the point P as seen by the eye in the figure.

23. A small object is placed at the centre of the bottom of a cylindrical vessel of radius 3 cm and
height 3 3 cm filled completely with a liquid. Consider the ray leaving the vessel through a
corner. Suppose this ray and the ray along the axis of the vessel are used to trace the image. Find
the apparent depth of the image. Refractive index of liquid = 3 .
24. A point source is placed at a depth h below the surface of water (refractive index = µ).The
medium above the surface of water is air (µ =1).Find the area on the surface of water through
which light comes in air from water.
3
25. Light is incident from glass (µ = ) side on interface of glass and air. Find the angle of incidence
2
for which the angle of deviation is 90º.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
13
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

26. At what values of the refractive index of a rectangular prism can a ray travel as shown in figure.
The section of the prism is an isosceles triangle and the ray is normally incident onto the face
AC.

27. A prism (n = 2) of apex angle 90° is placed in air (n = 1). What should be the angle of incidence
so that light ray strikes the second surface at an angle of incidence 60º.
28. The cross section of a glass prism has the form of an equilateral triangle. A ray is incident onto
one of the faces perpendicular to it. Find the angle  between the incident ray and the ray that
leaves the prism. The refractive index of glass is µ = 1.5.
29. Find the angle of deviation suffered by the light ray shown in
figure for following two conditions The refractive index for the
prism material is
µ = 3/2.
(i) When the prism is placed in air ( = 1)
(ii) When the prism is placed in water ( = 4/3)
30. The refractive index of a prism is . Find the maximum angle of the prism for which a ray
incident on it will be transmitted through other face without total internal reflection.
31. An extended object of size 2 cm is placed at a distance of 10
cm in air (n = 1) from pole, on the principal axis of a spherical
curved surface. The medium on the other side of refracting
surface has refractive index n = 2. Find the position, nature
and size of image formed after single refraction through the
curved surface.
32. A point object lies inside a transparent solid sphere of radius 20 cm and of refractive index n =
2. When the object is viewed from air through the nearest surface it is seen at a distance 5 cm
from the surface. Find the apparent distance of object when it is seen through the farthest curved
surface.
33. An object is placed 10 cm away from a glass piece (n =
1.5) of length 20 cm bounded by spherical surfaces of
radii of curvature 10 cm. Find the position of final image
formed after two refractions at the spherical surfaces.
observer

10cm

glass
C
water O

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
14
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

35. A small object Q of length 1 mm lies along the principal axis of a

spherical glass of radius R = 10 cm and refractive index is 3/2.
The object is seen from air along the principal axis from left. The
distance of object from the centre P is 5 cm. Find the size of the
image. Is it real, inverted?
36. A narrow parallel beam of light is incident paraxially on a solid transparent sphere of radius r
kept in air. What should be the refractive index if the beam is to be focused (a) at the farther
surface of the sphere, (b) at the centre of the sphere.
37. A quarter cylinder of radius R and refractive index 1.5 is placed on a
table. A point object P is kept at a distance of mR from it. Find the
value of m for which a ray from P will emerge parallel to the table as
shown in the figure.

38. Lenses are constructed by a material of refractive index 2. The magnitude of the radii of
curvature are 20 cm and 30 cm. Find the focal lengths of the possible lenses with the above
specifications.
39. Find the focal length of lens shown in the figure. Solve for three cases ns = 1.5, ns = 2.0, ns = 2.5.
n=2
ns ns

R.O.C.=40cm
R.O.C. = 60cm
40. Given an optical axis MN and the positions of a real object AB and its image A 'B', determine
diagrammatically the position of the lens (its optical centre O) and its foci. Is it a converging or
diverging lens? Is the image real or virtual?
A

M B'
N
B

A'
41. A thin lens made of a material of refractive index µ2 has a medium of refractive index µ1 on one
side and a medium of refractive index µ3 on the other side. The lens is biconvex and the two
radii of curvature has equal magnitude R. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis
is incident on the lens. Where will the image be formed if the beam is incident from (a) the
medium µ1 and (b) from the medium µ3?
42. Two glasses with refractive indices of 1.5 & 1.7 are used to make two identical double-convex
lenses.
(i) Find the ratio of their focal lengths.
(ii) How will each of these lenses act on a ray parallel to its optical axis if the lenses are submerged
into a transparent liquid with a refractive index of 1.6?
43. An object of height 1 cm is set at right angles to the optical axis of a double convex lens of
optical power 5 D and 25 cm away from the lens. Determine the focal length of the lens, the
position of the image, the linear magnification of the lens, and the height of the image formed
by it.
ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
15
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

44. A lens placed between a candle and a fixed screen forms a real triply magnified image of the
candle on the screen. When the lens is moved away from the candle by 0.8 m without changing
the position of the candle, a real image one-third the size of the candle is formed on the screen.
Determine the focal length of the lens.
45. A pin of length 1 cm lies along the principal axis of a converging lens, the centre being at a
distance of 5.5 cm from the lens. The focal length of the lens is 3 cm. Find the size of the image.
46. The radius of the sun is 0.75 × 109 m and its distance from the earth is 1.5 × 1011 m. Find the
diameter of the image of the sun formed by a lens of focal length 40 cm.
47. A 2.5 dioptre lens forms a virtual image which is 4 times the object placed perpendicularly on
the principal axis of the lens. Find the required distance of the object from the lens.
48. A diverging lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially 5 cm towards left of a converging
mirror of focal length 10 cm .Where should an object be placed towards left of the lens so that a
real image is formed at the object itself ?
49. A convex lens and a convex mirror are placed at a separation of 15 cm. The focal length of the
lens is 25 cm and radius of curvature of the mirror is 80 cm. Where should a point source be
placed between the lens and the mirror so that the light, after getting reflected by the mirror and
then getting refracted by the lens, comes out parallel to the principal axis?
50. A point object is placed on the principal axis of a converging lens of focal length 15 cm at a
distance of 30 cm from it. A glass plate (µ = 1.50) of thickness 3 cm is placed on the other side
of the lens perpendicular to the axis. Find the position of the image of the point object.
51. A converging lens of focal length 10 cm and a diverging lens of focal length 5 cm are placed 5
cm apart with their principal axes coinciding. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal
axis and having a beam diameter 5.0 mm, is incident on the combination. Show that the emergent
beam is parallel to the incident one. Find the beam diameter of the emergent beam. Also find out
the ratio of emergent and incident intensities.
52. Two identical thin converging lenses brought in contact so that their axes coincide are placed
12.5 cm from an object. What is the optical power of the system and each lens, if the real image
formed by the system of lenses is four times as large as the object?
53. A point object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens. The image is formed on the
other side at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. When a concave lens is placed in contact with
the convex lens, the image shifts away further by 30 cm. Calculate the focal lengths of the two
lenses.
54. The convex surface of a thin concavo-convex lens of glass of
refractive index 1.5 has a radius of curvature 20 cm. the concave
surface has a radius of curvature 60 cm. The convex side is
silvered and placed on a horizontal surface as shown in figure. (a)
Where should a pin be placed on the axis so that its image is
formed at the same place? (b) If the concave part is filled with
water (µ = 4/3), find the distance through which the pin should be
moved so that the image of the pin again coincides with the
pin.
55. A certain material has refractive indices 1.53, 1.60 and 1.68 for red, yellow and violet light
respectively. (a) Calculate the dispersive power. (b) Find the angular dispersion produced by a
thin prism of angle 6° made of this material.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
16
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

56. A flint glass prism and a crown glass prism are to be combined in such a way that the deviation
of the mean ray is zero. The refractive index of flint and crown glasses for the mean ray are 1.6
and 1.9 respectively. If the refracting angle of the flint prism is 6°, what would be the refracting
angle of crown prism?
57. Three thin prisms are combined as shown in figure. The refractive
indices of the crown glass for red, yellow and violet rays are µr,
µy and µv respectively and those for the flint glass are µr, µy and
µv respectively. Find the ratio A/A for which (a) system
produces deviation without dispersion (achromatic combination)
and (b) system produces dispersion without deviation (direct
vision arrangement).
58. The focal lengths of a convex lens for red, yellow and violet rays are 100 cm, 99 cm and 98 cm
respectively. Find the dispersive power of the material of the lens.
59. A thin prism of angle 5.0°,  = 0.07 and µy = 1.30 is combined with another thin prism having
' = 0.08 and µ'y = 1.50. The combination produces no deviation in the mean ray. (a) Find the
angle of the second prism. (b) Find the net angular dispersion produced by the combination when
a beam of white light passes through it. (c) If the prisms are similarly directed, what will be the
deviation in the mean ray? (d) Find the angular dispersion in the situation described in (c).
60. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eye-piece of focal length
6.0 cm. What is the magnifying power of the telescope? What is the separation between the
objective and the eye-piece ?
61. An angular magnification (magnifying power) of 30 X is desired using an objective of focal
length 1.25cm and an eye-piece of focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the compound
microscope for normal adjustment (Final image at )?
62. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal 2.0 cm and an eye-piece of focal
length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far from the objective should an object
be placed in order to obtain the final image at (a) least distance of distinct vision (25 cm), (b)
infinity? What is the magnifying power of the microscope in each case ?

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
17
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

Exercise-A
PART - I : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
1. The image (of a real object) formed by a concave mirror is twice the size of the object. The focal
length of the mirror is 20 cm. The distance of the object from the mirror is (are)
(A) 10 cm (B) 30 cm (C) 25 cm (D) 15 cm
2. Which of the following statements are incorrect for spherical mirrors.
(A) a concave mirror forms only virtual images for any position of real object
(B) a convex mirror forms only virtual images for any position of a real object
(C) a concave mirror forms only a virtual diminished image of an object placed between its pole
and the focus
(D) a convex mirror forms a virtual enlarged image of an object if it lies between its pole and
the focus.
3. A ray of monochromatic light is incident on the plane surface of separation between two media
x and y with angle of incidence ‘i’ in the medium x and angle of refraction ‘r’ in the medium y.
The graph shows the relation between sin r and sin i.
(A) the speed of light in the medium y is (3)1/2 times than in medium
x.
(B) the speed of light in the medium y is (1/3)1/2 times than in
medium x.
(C) the total internal reflection can take place when the incidence is
in x.
(D) the total internal reflection can take place when the incidence is
in y.
4. For the refraction of light through a prism kept in air
(A) For every angle of deviation there are two angles of incidence.
(B) The light travelling inside an isosceles prism is necessarily parallel to the base when prism
is set for minimum deviation.
(C) There are two angles of incidence for maximum deviation.
(D) Angle of minimum deviation will increase if refractive index of prism is increased keeping
the outside medium unchanged.
5. An equilateral prism deviates a ray through 40º for two angles of incidence differing by 20º. The
possible angles of incidences are:
(A) 40° (B) 50° (C) 20° (D) 60°
6. Two refracting media are separated by a spherical interface as shown in the figure. P P  is the
principal axis, 1 and 2 are the refractive indices of medium of incidence and medium of
refraction respectively. Then:
(A) if 2 > 1, then there cannot be a real image of real object
(B) if 2 > 1, then there cannot be a real image of virtual object
(C) if 1 > 2, then there cannot be a virtual image of virtual object
(D) if 1 > 2, then there cannot be a real image of real object

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
18
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

7. The values of d1 & d2 for final rays to be parallel to the principal

axis are : (focal lengths of the lenses are written above the
respective lenses in the given figure)
(A) d1 = 10 cm, d2 = 15 cm
(B) d1 = 20 cm, d2 = 15 cm
(C) d1 = 30 cm, d2 = 15 cm
(D) None of these
8. An object O is kept infront of a converging lens of focal length 30 cm behind which there is a
plane mirror at 15 cm from the lens as shown in the figure.
(A) the final image is formed at 60 cm from the lens towards right
of it
(B) the final image is at 60 cm from lens towards left of it
(C) the final image is real
(D) the final image is virtual.
9. If a symmetrical biconcave thin lens is cut into two identical halves. They are placed in different
ways as shown:

(A) three images will be formed in case (i)

(B) two images will be formed in the case (i)
(C) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 1
(D) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 2
10. A narrow beam of white light goes through a slab having parallel faces
(A) The light never splits in different colours
(B) The emergent beam is white
(C) The light inside the slab is split into different colours
(D) The light inside the slab is white
11. By properly combining two prisms made of different materials, it is possible to
(A) have dispersion without average deviation
(B) have deviation without dispersion
(C) have both dispersion and average deviation
(D) have neither dispersion nor average deviation
12. A flat mirror M is arranged parallel to a wall W at a distance L from it as shown in the figure.
The light produced by a point source S kept on the wall is reflected by the mirror and produces
a light patch on the wall. The mirror moves with velocity v towards the wall.
(A) The patch of light will move with the speed v on the wall. wall
w
S
(B) The patch of light will not move on the wall. L V
(C) As the mirror comes closer the patch of light will become M
larger and shift away from the wall with speed larger than v.
(D) The width of the light patch on the wall remains the same.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
19
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

13. A man wants to photograph a white donkey as a Zebra after fitting a glass with black streaks
onto the lens of his camera.
(A) The image will look like a white donkey on the photograph.
(B) The image will look like a Zebra on the photograph
(C) The image will be more intense compared to the case in which no such glass is used.
(D) The image will be less intense compared to the case in which no such glass is used.
14. An equiconvex lens of refractive index n2 is placed such that the refractive index of the
surrounding media is as shown. Then the lens :
(A) must be diverging if n2 is less than the arithmetic mean of n1 and
n3
(B) must be converging if n2 is greater than the arithmetic mean of n1 and
n3
(C) may be diverging if n2 is less than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
(D) will neither be diverging nor converging if n2 is equal to arithmetic
mean of n1 and n3
15. In the figure shown a point object O is placed in air on the principal axis. The radius of curvature
of the spherical surface is 60 cm. If is the final image formed after all the refractions and
reflections.
(A) If d1 = 120 cm, then the ‘ If ’ is formed on ‘ O ’ for any value of
d2.
(B) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ’ is formed on ‘ O ’ only if d2 = 360
cm.
(C) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ’ is formed on ‘ O ’ for all values of
d2.
(D) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ’ cannot be formed on ‘ O ’.
16. An object is kept on the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length 10 cm at a distance of
10 cm from the pole. The object starts moving at a velocity 20 mm/sec towards the mirror at
angle 30º with the principal axis. What will be the speed of its image and direction with the
principal axis at that instant
7 5 7
(A) speed = 5 mm/sec (B) speed = mm/sec
4 2
2
(C) tan–1 ( ) with the principal axis (D) none of these
3
17. A particle is moving towards a fixed convex mirror. The image also moves. If Vi = speed of
image and VO = speed of the object, then
(A) Vi VO if |u| < |F| (B) Vi > VO if |u| > |F|
(C) Vi < VO if |u| > |F| (D) Vi = VO if |u| = |F|
18. A small air bubble is trapped inside a transparent cube of size 12 cm. When viewed from one of
the vertical faces, the bubble appears to be at 5 cm from it. When viewed from opposite face, it
appears at 3 cm from it.
(A) The distance of the air bubble from the first face is 7.5 cm.
(B) The distance of the air bubble from the first face is 9 cm.
(C) Refractive index of the material of the cube is 2.0.
(D) Refractive index of the material of the cube is 1.5.
ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
20
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

19. A parallel beam of light is incident normally on the flat

surface of a hemisphere of radius 6 cm and refractive index
1.5, placed in air as shown in figure (i). Assume paraxial ray
approximation.
(A) The rays are focused at 12 cm from the point P to the
right, in the situation as shown in figure (i)
(B) The rays are focused at 16 cm from the point P to the right, in the situation as shown in figure
(i)
(C) If the rays are incident at the curved surface (figure (ii)) then these are focused at distance
18 cm from point P to the right.
(D) If the rays are incident at the curved surface (figure (ii)) then these are focused at distance
14 cm from point P to the right.
20. A ray is incident on a refracting surface of R at an angle of incidence i and the corresponding
angle of refraction is r. The deviation of the ray after refraction is given by  = i-r. Then, one
may conclude that
(A) r increases with  (B)  increases with i
1
(C)  decreases with  (D) the maximum value of  is cos1  

21. A convex lens and concave lens are kept in contact and the combination is used for the formation
of image of a body by keeping it at different places on the principal axis. The image formed by
this combination of lenses can be :
(A) Magnified, inverted and real (B) Diminished, inverted and real
(C) Diminished, erect and virtual (D) Magnified, erect and virtual

PART - II : COMPREHENSION

Comprehension-1
The ciliary muscles of eye control the curvature of the lens in the eye and hence can alter the
effective focal length of the system. When the muscles are fully relaxed, the focal length is
maximum. When the muscles are strained the curvature of lens increases (that means radius of
curvature decreases) and focal length decreases. For a clear vision the image must be on retina.
The image distance is therefore fixed for clear vision and it equals the distance of retina from
eye-lens. It is about 2.5 cm for a grown-up person (Refer the figure below).
A person can theoretically have clear vision of objects situated at
any large distance from the eye. The smallest distance at which a
person can clearly see is related to minimum possible focal length.
The ciliary muscles are most strained in this position. For an average
grown-up person minimum distance of object should be around 25
cm.
A person suffering for eye defects uses spectacles (eye glass). The function of lens of spectacles
is to form the image of the objects within the range in which person can see clearly. The image
of the spectacle-lens becomes object for eye-lens and whose image is formed on retina.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
21
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

The number of spectacle-lens used for the remedy of eye defect is decided by the power of the
lens required and the number of spectacle-lens is equal to the numerical value of the power of
100
lens with sign. For example power of lens required is +3D (converging lens of focal length
3
cm) then number of lens will be + 3.
For all the calculations required you can use the lens formula and lens maker's formula. Assume
that the eye lens is equiconvex lens. Neglect the distance between eye lens and the spectacle
lens.
1. Minimum focal length of eye lens of a normal person is
25 25
(A) 25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 11
2. Maximum focal length of eye lens of normal person is
25 25
(A) 25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 11
3. A nearsighted man can clearly see object only upto a distance of 100 cm and not beyond this.
The number of the spectacles lens necessary for the remedy of this defect will be.
(A) +1 (B) – 1 (C) + 3 (D) – 3
4. A farsighted man cannot see object clearly unless they are at least 100 cm from his eyes. The
number of the spectacles lens that will make his range of clear vision equal to an average grown
up person
(A) + 1 (B) – 1 (C) + 3 (D) – 3
Comprehension-2
Figure shows a solid transparent semi cylinder of radius 10 cm. A screen is placed at a distance
60 cm from O. A narrow beam is incident along x-axis at O. If cylinder starts rotating about O
in clockwise direction with angular speed 6 rad/s then spot formed on screen will move upward
5
(Refractive index of material of cylinder = )
3

O C x

60

5. What is initial angular velocity of ray refracted from plane surface.

(A) 2 rad/s (B) 10 rad/s (C) 16 rad/s (D) 4 rad/s
6. At what distance from C bright spot on screen will disappear.
(A) 100 cm (B) 80 cm (C) 120 cm (D) 100 cm

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
22
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. A small particle is placed at the pole of a concave mirror and then

moved along the principal axis to a large distance. During the
motion, the distance between the pole of the mirror and the image
is measured. The procedure is then repeated with a convex mirror,
a concave lens and a convex lens. The graph is plotted between
image distance versus object distance. Match the curves shown in
the graph with the mirror or lens that is corresponding to it. (Curve
1 has two segments)
(Lens/Mirror) Curve
(a) Converging lens (p) 1
(b) Converging Mirror (q) 2
(c) Diverging Lens (r) 3
(d) Diverging Mirror (s) 4
(A) (a) – p ; (b) – p ; (c) – q ; (d) – q (B) (a) – p ; (b) – q ; (c) – r ; (d) – s
(A) (a) – p ; (b) – p ; (c) – s ; (d) – r (B) (a) – p ; (b) – q ; (c) – s ; (d) – r
2. Column-I gives certain situations regarding a point object and its image formed by an optical
instrument. The possible optical instruments are diverging and conveging mirrors or lenses as
given in Column-II. Same side of principal axis means both image and object should either be
above the principal axis or both should be below the principal axis as shown in figure. Same side
of optical instrument means both image and object should be either left of the optical instrument
or both should be on right of the optical instrument as shown in figure. Match the statements in
column-I with the corresponding statements in column-II.

(Lens/Mirror) Curve
(a) If point object and its image are on same side of principal (p) Concave mirror
axis and opposite sides of the optical instrument then the
optical instrument is
(b) If point object and its image are on opposite side of (q) Convex mirror
principal axis and same sides of the optical instrument
then the optical instrument is
(c) If point object and its image are on same side of principal (r) Diverging lens
axis and same sides of the optical instrument then the
optical instrument is
(d) If point object and its image are on opposite side of (s) Converging lens
principal axis and opposite sides of the optical instrument
then the optical instrument is
(A) (a) – p; (b) – p, q ; (c) – r, s ; (d) – r, s (B) (a) – p, q ; (b) – p, q ; (c) – r, s ; (d) – r, s
(A) (a) – p; (b) – p, q ; (c) – r, s ; (d) – r (B) (a) – p, q ; (b) – p, r ; (c) – r, s ; (d) – r, s
ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
23
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

3. Column- shows velocity of a point object 'O' (along principal axis in case of convex or concave
mirror) and mirrors with respect to ground. Here speed of mirror and object 'O' is v and F is the
focus of mirror. Match the Column- and Column- for given instant.
Column -  Column - 

(a) (p) Speed of image with respect to mirror is same

as speed of object with respect to mirror.

(b) (q) Speed of image with respect to mirror is

greater than as speed of object with respect to
mirror.

(c) (r) Speed of image with respect to mirror is less

than as speed of object with respect to mirror.

(d) (s) Distance between image and mirror decreases

(A) (a) – p, q ; (b) – q ; (c) – r, s ; (d) – r (B) (a) – p, s ; (b) – q ; (c) – r, s ; (d) – r
(C) (a) – p, s ; (b) – q ; (c) – r, s ; (d) – r (D) (a) – p, r ; (b) – q ; (c) – r, s ; (d) – r

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
24
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

Exercise-C
PART - I : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance ‘u’
from the lens and measuring the distance ‘v’ of the image pin. The graph between ‘u’ and ‘v’
plotted by the student should look like -
[AIEEE-2008]
v(cm)
v(cm) v(cm)
v(cm)
(1) (2) (3) (4)

O u(cm)
O u(cm) O u(cm) O u(cm)

2
2. A transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of . It is surrounded by air. A light
3
ray is incident at the mid-point of one end of the rod as shown in the figure.
[AIEEE-2009]

The incident angle () for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the rod is:
 3  2   1  1
(1) sin–1  (2) sin–1  (3) sin–1  (4) sin–1  
 2   3

 3

2
 
3. In an optics experiment, with the position of the object fixed, a student varies the position of a
convex lens and for each position, the screen is adjusted to get a clear image of the object. A
graph between the object distance u and the image distance v, from the lens, is plotted using the
same scale for the two axes. A straight line passing through the origin and making an angle of
45° with the x-axis meets the experimental curve at P. The coordinates of P will be:
[AIEEE-2009]
f f 
(1)  ,  (2) (f, f) (3) (4f, 4f) (4) (2f, 2f)
2 2
4. A car is fitted with a convex side–view mirror of focal length 20 cm. A second car 2.8 m behind
the first car is overtaking the first car at a relative speed of 15 m/s. The speed of the image of the
second car as seen in the mirror of the first one is :
[AIEEE - 2011]
1 1
(1) m/s (2) m/s (3) 10 m/s (4) 15 m/s
10 15
5. Let the x - y plane be the boundary between two transparent media. Medium 1 in z  0 has
refractive index of 2 and medium 2 with z < 0 has a refractive index of 3 . A ray of light in
medium 1 given by the vector A  6 3iˆ  8 3jˆ 10kˆ in incident on the plane of separation. The
angle of refraction in medium 2 is : [AIEEE - 2011]
(1) 30º (2) 45º (3) 60º (4) 75º
ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
25
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

6. A beaker contains water up to a height h1 and kerosene of height h2 above water so that the total
height of (water + kerosene) is (h1 + h2). Refractive index of water is 1 and that of kerosene is
2. The apparent shift in the position of the bottom of the beaker when viewed from above is :
[AIEEE 2011, 11 MAY]
 1  1  1  1
(1) 1   h1  1   h 2 (2) 1   h1  1   h 2
 1   2   1   2 
 1  1  1  1
(3) 1   h 2  1   h1 (4) 1   h 2  1   h1
 1   2   1   2 
7. When monochromatic red light is used instead of blue light in a convex lens, its focal length
will : [AIEEE 2011, 11 MAY]
(1) increase (2) decrease
(3) remain same (4) does not depend on colour of light
8. An object 2.4 m in front of a lens forms a sharp image on a film 12 cm behind the lens. A glass
plate 1 cm thick, of refractive index 1.50 is interposed between lens and film with its plane faces
parallel to film. At what distance (from lens) should object shifted to be in sharp focus on film ?
[AIEEE 2012]
(1) 7.2 m (2) 2.4 m (3) 3.2 m (4) 5.6 m
9. Diameter of a plano-convex lens is 6 cm and thickness at the centre is 3 mm. If speed of light in
material of lens is 2 × 108 m/s, the focal length of the lens is : [JEE (Main) 2013]
(1) 15 cm (2) 20 cm (3) 30 cm (4) 10 cm
10. The graph between angle of deviation () and angle of incidence (i) for a triangular prism is
represented by : [JEE (Main) 2013]

(1) (2) (3) (4)

 3
11. A thin convex lens made from crown glass     has focal length f. When it is measured in
 2
4 5
two different liquids having refractive indices and , it has the focal lengths f1 and f2
3 3
respectively. The correct relation between the focal length is : [JEE (Main) 2014]
(1) f1 = f2 < f (2) f1 > f and f2 becomes negative
(3) f2 > f and f1 becomes negative (4) f1 and f2 both become negative
12. White light is incident from the water to the air - water interface at the critical angle () for green
light. Select the correct statement. [JEE (Main) 2014]
(1) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at an angle of 90º to the normal.
(2) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is less than that of green light will come out
to the air medium.
(3) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is more than that of green light will come out
to the air medium.
(4) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at various angles to the normal.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
26
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

13. Monochromatic light is incident on a glass prism of angle A. If the refractive index of the
material of the prism is , a ray, incident at an angle , on the face AB would get transmitted
through the face AC of the prism provided: [JEE (Main) 2015]
   1  
(1)  > sin–1  sin  A  sin 1   
     
   1  
(2)  < sin–1  sin  A  sin 1   
     
   1  
(3)  > cos–1  sin  A  sin 1   
     
   1  
(4)  < cos–1  sin  A  sin 1   
     
14. An observer looks at a distant tree of height 10 m with a telescope of magnifying power of 20.
To the observer the tree appears: [JEE (Main) 2016]
(1) 10 times nearer (2) 20 times taller (3) 20 times nearer (4) 10 times taller
15. In an experiment for determination of refractive index of glass of a prism by i – , plot, it was
found that a ray incident at angle 35°, suffers a deviation of 40° and that it emerges at angle 79°.
In that case which of the following is closest to the maximum possible value of the refractive
index ? [JEE (Main) 2016]
(1) 1.6 (2) 1.7 (3) 1.8 (4) 1.5
16. A diverging lens with magnitude of focal length 25cm is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a
converging lens of magnitude of focal length 20 cm. A beam of parallel light falls on the
diverging lens. The final image formed is : [JEE (Main) 2017]
(1) real and at a distance of 6 cm from the convergent lens
(2) real and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens.
(3) virtual and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens
(4) real and at distance of 40 cm from the divergent lens.
JEE MAIN 2019

17. Consider a tank made of glass (refractive index 1.5) with a thick bottom. It is filled with a liquid
of refractive index 𝜇. A student finds that, irrespective of what the incident angle 𝑖 (see figure)
is for a beam of light entering the liquid, the light reflected from the liquid glass interface is
never completely polarized. For this to happen, the minimum value of 𝜇 is:

5 3 5 4
(1) √3 (2) (3) (4) 3
√5 √3

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
27
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

18. Calculate the limit of resolution of a telescope objectiv having a diameter of 200 cm, if it has to
detect light c wavelength 500 nm coming from a star.
(1) 305 × 10−9 radian (2) 610 × 10−9 radian
(3) 152.5 × 10−9 radian (4) 457.5 × 10−9 radian
19. Diameter of the objective lens of a telescope is 250 cm. For light of wavelength 600 nm.
Coming from a distant object, the limit of resolution of the telescope is close to:
(1) 1.5 × 10−7 rad (2) 2.0 × 10−7 rad (3) 3.0 × 10−7 rad (4) 4.5 × 10−7 rad
20. A ray of light AO in vacuum is incident on a glass slab at angle 60∘ and refracted at angle 30∘
along OB as shown in the figure. The optical path length of light ray from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is :

2√3 2b 2b
(1) +2b (2) 2a + (3) 2a + (4) 2𝑎 + 2𝑏
a 3 √3
21. The value of numerical aperature of the objective lens of a microscope is 1.25 . If light of
wavelength 5000Å is used, the minimum separation between two points, to be seen as distinct,
will be :
(1) 0.24𝜇m (2) 0.38𝜇m (3) 0.12𝜇m (4) 0.48𝜇m
22. A system of three polarizers P1 , P2 , P3 is set up such that the pass axis of P3 is crossed with respect
to that of P1. The pass axis of P2 is inclined at 60∘ to the pass axis of P3. When a beam of
unpolarized light of intensity Io is incident on P1, the intensity of light transmitted by the three
polarizers is I. The ratio ( Io /I) equals (nearly) :
(1) 5.33 (2) 16.00 (3) 10.67 (4) 1.80

JEE(Main)-2020
23. If we need a magnification of 375 from a compound microscope of tube length 150 mm and an
objective of focal length 5 mm, the focal length of the eye-piece, should be close to
(1) 22 mm (2) 12 mm (3) 33 mm (4) 2 mm
24. The magnifying power of a telescope with tube 60 cm is 5 . What is the focal length of its eye
piece?
(1) 30 cm (2) 40 cm (3) 20 cm (4) 10 cm
25. When an object is kept at a distance of 30 cm from a concave mirror, the image is formed at a
distance of 10 cm from the mirror. If the object is moved with a speed of 9cms −1, the speed (in
cms−1 ) with which image moves at that instant is .
26. In a compound microscope, the magnified virtual image is formed at a distance of 25 cm from
the eye-piece. The focal length of its objective lens is 1 cm. If the magnification is 100 and the
tube length of the microscope is 20 cm, then the focal length of the eye-piece lens (in cm ) is .
27. For a concave lens of focal length 𝑓, the relation between object and image distance 𝑢 and 𝑣,
respectively, from its pole can best be represented by ( 𝑢 = 𝑣 is the reference line):

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
28
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

28. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 1 cm and an eye piece of
focal length 5 cm with a separation of 10 cm. The distance between an object and the objective
𝑛
lens, at which the strain on the eye is minimum is 40 cm. The value of 𝑛 is .

JEE(Main)-2021
29. The focal length 𝑓 is related to the radius of curvature 𝑟 of the spherical convex mirror by:
1 1
(1) 𝑓 = + 2 𝑟 (2) 𝑓 = −𝑟 (3) 𝑓 = − 2 𝑟 (4) 𝑓 = 𝑟
30. A short straight object of height 100 cm lies before the central axis of a spherical mirror whose
focal length has absolute value |f| = 40 cm. The image of object produced by the mirror is of
height 25 cm and has the same orientation of the object. One may conclude from the
information:
(1) Image is real, same side of concave mirror.
(2) Image is virtual, opposite side of concave mirror.
(3) Image is real, same side of convex mirror.
(4) Image is virtual, opposite side of convex mirror.
31. The angle of deviation through prism is minimum when.
(A) Incident ray and emergent ray are symmetric to the prism
(B) The refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel to its base
(C) Angle of incidence is equal to that of the angle of emergence
(D) When angle of emergence is double the angle of incidence
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(1) Statements (A), (B) and (C) are true

(2) Only statement (D) is true
(3) Only statements (A) and (B) are true

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
29
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

(4) Statements (B) and (C) are true

32. The thickness at the centre of a plano convex lens is 3 mm and the diameter is 6 cm. If the speed
of light in the material of the lens is 2 × 108 ms −1. The focal length of the lens is
(1) 0.30 cm (2) 15 cm (3) 1.5 cm (4) 30 cm
33. A ray of light passes from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle of incidence 𝑖. The
reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90∘ with each other. The angle of reflection and
refraction are respectively 𝑟 and 𝑟 ′ . The critical angle is given by:

(1) sin−1 (cotr) (2) tan−1 (sini) (3) sin−1 (tanr ′ ) (4) sin−1
(tanr)
34. A prism of refractive index 𝑛1 and another prism of refractive index 𝑛2 are stuck together (as
shown in the figure). 𝑛1 and 𝑛2 depend on 𝜆, the wavelength of light, according to the relation
10.8×10−14 1.8×10−14
𝑛1 = 1.2 + and 𝑛2 = 1.45 +
𝜆2 𝜆2
The wavelength for which rays incident at any angle on the interface BC pass through without
bending at that interface will be nm.

35. Car B overtakes another car 𝐴 at a relative speed of 40 ms−1 . How fast will the image of car 𝐵
appear to move in the mirror of focal length 10 cm fitted in car A, when the car B is 1.9 m away
from the car A?
(1) 4 ms−1 (2) 0.2 ms −1 (3) 40 ms −1 (4) 0.1 ms −1
36. A ray of light is incident at an angle of incidence 60∘ on the glass slab of refractive index √3.
After refraction, the light ray emerges out from other parallel faces lateral shift between incident
ray and emergent ray is 4√3 cm. The thickness of the glass slab is cm.

JEE(Main)-2022
37. A light whose electric field vectors are completely removed by using a good Polaroid, allowed
to incident on the surface of the prism at Brewster's angle. Choose the most suitable option for
the phenomenon related to the prism.
(1) Reflected and refracted rays will be perpendicular to each other.
(2) Wave will propagate along the surface of prism
(3) No refraction, and there will be total reflection of light.
(4) No reflection and there will be total transmission of light.
ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
30
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

38. A light ray is incident, at an incident angle 𝜃1 , on the system of two plane mirrors 𝑀1 and 𝑀2
having an inclination angle 75∘ between them (as shown in figure). After reflecting from mirror
𝑀1 it gets reflected back by the mirror 𝑀2 with an angle of reflection 30∘ . The total deviation of
the ray will be degree.

39. A convex lens has power P. It is cut into two halves along its principle axis. Further one piece
(out of the two halves) is cut into two halves perpendicular to the axis (as shown in figure).
Choose the incorrect option for the reported pieces.

𝑃 𝑃
(1) Power of 𝐿1 = (2) Power of 𝐿2 =
2 2
(3) Power of 𝐿3 = 𝑃 (4) Power of 𝐿1 = 𝑃
40. For an object placed at a distance 2.4 m from a lens, a sharp focused image is observed on a
screen placed at a distance 12 cm from the lens. A glass plate of refractive index 1.5 and
thickness 1 cm is introduced between lens and screen such that the glass plate plane faces parallel
to the screen. By what distance should the object be shifted so that a sharp focused image is
observed again on the screen?
(1) 0.8 m (2) 3.2 m (3) 1.2 m (4) 5.6 m
1 1
41. The graph between 𝑢 and 𝑣 for a thin convex lens in order to determine its focal length is plotted
as shown in the figure. The refractive index of length is 1.5 and its both the surfaces have same
radius of curvatures 𝑅. The value of 𝑅 will be cm.
(Where 𝑢 = object distance, 𝑣 = image distance)

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
31
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

JEE MAIN 2023

42. A monochromatic light wave with wavelength 𝜆1 and frequency 𝜈1 in air enters another medium.
If the angle of incidence and angle of refraction at the interface are 45∘ and 30∘ respectively,
then the wavelength 𝜆2 and frequency 𝜈2 of the refracted wave are:
1
(1) 𝜆2 = √2𝜆1 , 𝜈2 = 𝜈1 (2) 𝜆2 = 𝜆1 , 𝜈2 = 𝜈
√2 1
1
(3) 𝜆2 = 𝜆1 , 𝜈2 = √2𝜈1 (4) 𝜆2 = 𝜆 ,𝜈 = 𝜈1
√2 1 2
43. A pole is vertically submerged in swimming pool, such that it gives a length of shadow 2.15 m
within water when sunlight is incident at an angle of 30∘ with the surface of water. If swimming
pool is filled to a height of 1.5 m, then the height of the pole above the water surface in
4
centimeters is (𝑛𝑤 = 3)
44. A 2 meter long scale with least count of 0.2 cm is used to measure the locations of objects on an
optical bench. While measuring the focal length of a convex lens, the object pin and the convex
lens are placed at 80 cm mark and 1 m mark, respectively. The image of the object pin on the
other side of lens coincides with image pin that is kept at 180 cm mark. The % error in the
estimation of focal length is:
(1) 0.85 (2) 1.70 (3) 1.02 (4) 0.51
45. In a reflecting telescope, a secondary mirror is used to:
(1) reduce the problem of mechanical support
(2) make chromatic aberration zero
(3) move the eyepiece outside the telescopic tube
(4) remove spherical aberration
46. Two vertical parallel mirrors A and B are separated by 10 cm. A point object O is placed at a
distance of 2 cm from mirror A. The distance of the second nearest image behind mirror A from
the mirror A is _____ cm.

47. Two transparent media having refractive indices 1.0 and 1.5 are separated by a spherical
refracting surface of radius of curvature 30 cm. The centre of curvature of surface is towards
denser medium and a point object is placed on the principal axis in rarer medium at a distance
of 15 cm from the pole of the surface. The distance of image from the pole of the surface is cm
48. An object is placed at a distance of 12 cm in front of a plane mirror. The virtual and erect image
is formed by the mirror. Now the mirror is moved by 4 cm towards the stationary object. The
distance by which the position of image would be shifted, will be
(1) 4 cm towards mirror (2) 8 cm towards mirror
(3) 8 cm away from mirror (4) 2 cm towards mirror

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
32
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

49. A point object 𝑂 is placed in front of two thin symmetrical coaxial convex lenses 𝐿1 and 𝐿2
with focal length 24 cm and 9 cm respectively. The distance between two lenses is 10 cm and
the object is placed 6 cm away from lens 𝐿1 as shown in the figure. The distance between the
object and the image formed by the system of two lenses is _____ cm.

50. The critical angle for a denser-rarer interface is 45∘ . The speed of light in rarer medium is 3 ×
108 m s−1 . The speed of light in the denser medium is:
(1) 3.12 × 107 m s −1 (2) 5 × 107 m s−1
(3) 2.12 × 108 m s −1 (4) √2 × 108 m s −1
51. The radius of curvature of each surface of a convex lens having refractive index 1.8 is 20 cm.
The lens is now immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.5 . The ratio of power of lens in air to
its power in the liquid will be 𝑥: 1. The value of 𝑥 is
52. When one light ray is reflected from a plane mirror with 30∘ angle of reflection, the angle of
deviation of the ray after reflection is:
(1) 120∘ (2) 110∘ (3) 140∘ (4) 130∘
53. As shown in the figure, a plane mirror is fixed at a height of 50 cm from the bottom of tank
4
containing water (𝜇 = 3). The height of water in the tank is 8 cm. A small bulb is placed at the
bottom of the water tank. The distance of image of the bulb formed by mirror from the bottom
of the tank is ___ cm.
54. An ice cube has a bubble inside. When viewed from one side the apparent distance of the bubble
is 12 cm. When viewed from the opposite side, the apparent distance of the bubble is observed
as 4 cm. If the side of the ice cube is 24 cm, the refractive index of the ice cube is
3 2 6 4
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 3
55. Two convex lenses of focal length 20 cm each are placed coaxially with a separation of 60 cm
between them. The image of the distant object formed by the combination is at cm from the
first lens.
56. A vessel of depth 𝑑 is half filled with oil of refractive index 𝑛1 and the other half is filled with
water of refractive index 𝑛2 . The apparent depth of this vessel when viewed from above will
be-
2𝑑(𝑛1 +𝑛2 ) 𝑑(𝑛1 +𝑛2 ) 𝑑 𝑛 𝑑𝑛1 𝑛2
(1) (2) (3) 2(𝑛 1+𝑛2 (4) (𝑛
𝑛1 +𝑛2 2𝑛1 𝑛2 1 2) 1 +𝑛2 )
57. As shown in the figure, a combination of a thin plano concave lens and a thin plano convex lens
is used to image an object placed at infinity. The radius of curvature of both the lenses is 30 cm
and refraction index of the material for both the lenses is 1.75. Both the lenses are placed at
distance of 40 cm from each other. Due to the combination, the image of the object is formed at
distance x = cm, from concave lens.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
33
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

58. A convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and focal length 18 cm in air is immersed in water. The
4
change in focal length of the lens will be ____ cm. (Given refractive index of water = 3 )
59. A ray of light is incident from air on a glass plate having thickness √3 cm and refractive index
√2. The angle of incidence of a ray is equal to the critical angle for glass-air interface. The lateral
displacement of the ray when it passes through the plate is ___ × 10− 2 cm.
(given sin 15∘ = 0.26 )
60. The light rays from an object have been reflected towards an observer from a standard flat
mirror, the image observed by the observer are :-
A. Real
B. Erect
C. Smaller in size then object
D. Laterally inverted
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
(1) B and D only (2) B and C only
(3) A and D only (4) A, C and D only
61. An object is placed on the principal axis of convex lens of focal length 10 cm as shown. A plane
mirror is placed on the other side of lens at a distance of 20 cm. The image produced by the
plane mirror is 5 cm inside the mirror. The distance of the object from the lens is ____
cm.

L M
62. A scientist is observing a bacteria through a compound microscope. For better analysis and to
improve its resolving power he should.
(1) Increase the wave length of the light
(2) Increase the refractive index of the medium between the object and objective lens
(3) Decrease the focal length of the eye piece
(4) Decrease the diameter of the objective lens
63. A person has been using spectacles of power-1.0 diopter for distant vision and a separate reading
glass of power 2.0 diopters. What is the least distance of distinct vision for this person:
(1) 10 cm (2) 40 cm (3) 30 cm (4) 50 cm
64. In an experiment for estimating the value of focal length of converging mirror, image of an object
placed at 40 cm from the pole of the mirror is formed at distance 120 cm from the pole of the
mirror. These distances are measured with a modified scale in which there are 20 small divisions
in 1 cm. The value of error in measurement of focal length of the mirror is 1/K cm. The value
of K is ____.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
34
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

65. A thin prism P1 with an angle 6∘ and made of glass of refractive index 1.54 is combined with
another prism P2 made from glass of refractive index 1.72 to produce dispersion without average
deviation. The angle of prism P2 is :
(1) 6∘ (2) 1.3∘ (3) 7.8∘ (4) 4.5∘
66. In a medium the speed of light wave decreases to 0.2 times to its speed in free space The ratio
of relative permittivity to the refractive index of the medium is 𝑥: 1. The value of 𝑥 is .
(Given speed of light in free space = 3 × 108 m s−1 and for the given medium 𝜇r = 1)
5
67. A microscope is focused on an object at the bottom of a bucket. If liquid with refractive index 3
is poured inside the bucket, then microscope have to be raised by 30 cm to focus the object
again. The height of the liquid in the bucket is :
(1) 75 cm (2) 50 cm (3) 18 cm (4) 12 cm
68. A thin cylindrical rod of length 10 cm is placed horizontally on the principle axis of a concave
mirror of focal length 20 cm. The rod is placed in a such a way that mid point of the rod is at
𝑥
40 cm from the pole of mirror. The length of the image formed by the mirror will be 3 cm. The
value of 𝑥 is
69. Two objects A and B are placed at 15 cm and 25 cm from the pole in front of a concave mirror
having radius of curvature 40 cm. The distance between images formed by the mirror is:
(1) 40 cm (2) 60 cm (3) 160 cm (4) 100 cm

JEE MAIN 2024

70. The distance between object and its 3 times magnified virtual image as produced by a convex
lens is 20 cm. The focal length of the lens used is ____ cm.
𝐴
71. If the refractive index of the material of a prism is cot ( 2 ), where 𝐴 is the angle of prism then
the angle of minimum deviation will be
𝜋 𝜋
(1) 𝜋 − 2 A (2) 2 − 2 A (3) 𝜋 − 𝐴 (4) 2 − 𝐴
72. A convex lens of focal length 40 cm forms an image of an extended source of light on a
photoelectric cell. A current I is produced. The lens is replaced by another convex lens having
the same diameter but focal length 20 cm. The photoelectric current now is :
1
(1) 2 (2) 4 I (3) 2 I (4) I
73. A convex mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm forms an image that is half the size of the object.
The object distance is :
(1) −15 cm (2) 45 cm (3) −45 cm (4) 15 cm
74. A biconvex lens of refractive index 1.5 has a focal length of 20 cm in air. Its focal length when
immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.6 will be:
(1) −16 cm (2) −160 cm (3) +160 cm (4) +16 cm
75. If the distance between object and its two times magnified virtual image produced by a curved
mirror is 15 cm, the focal length of the mirror must be :
(1) 15 cm (2) −12 cm (3) −10 cm (4) 10/3 cm
76. The distance between object and its two times magnified real image as produced by a convex
lens is 45 cm. The focal length of the lens used is ____ cm.
ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
35
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

77. In an experiment to measure the focal length (f) of a convex lens, the magnitude of object
distance ( 𝑥 ) and the image distance (y) are measured with reference to the focal point of the
lens. The 𝑦 − 𝑥 plot is shown in figure.
The focal length of the lens is _____ cm.

78. The refractive index of a prism with apex angle A is cot A/2. The angle of minimum deviation
is :
(1) 𝛿m = 180∘ − A (2) 𝛿m = 180∘ − 3 A
(3) 𝛿m = 180∘ − 4 A (4) 𝛿𝑚 = 180∘ − 2 A
79. Light from a point source in air falls on a convex curved surface of radius 20 cm and refractive
index 1.5. If the source is located at 100 cm from the convex surface, the image will be formed
at cm from the object.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
36
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

JEE ADVANCED
1. A ray of light traveling in water is incident on its surface open to air. The angle of incidence is
, which is less than the critical angle. Then there will be : [JEE-2007]
(A) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray
(B) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray
(C) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be less than 180º – 2,
(D) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be greater than 180º –
2.
2. STATEMENT-1 : The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical mirror is valid only for
mirrors whose sizes are very small compared to their radii of curvature. [JEE-2007]
because
STATEMENT-2 : Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surfaces, but not for large
spherical surfaces.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-
1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
3. Two beams of red and violet colours are made to pass separately through a prism (angle of the
prism is 60º). In the position of minimum deviation, the angle of refraction will be
[JEE' 2008]
(A) 30º for both the colours (B) greater for the violet colour
(C) greater for the red colour (D) equal but not 30º for both the colours
4. A light beam is traveling from Region I to Region IV (Refer Figure). The refractive index in
n n
Regions I, II, III and IV are n0, 0 , and 0 , respectively. The angle of incidence  for which the
2 8
beam just misses entering Region IV is [JEE' 2008]
Figure

3 1 1 1

(A) sin–1   (B) sin–1   (C) sin–1   (D) sin–1  
4 8 4 3
5. An optical component and an object S placed along its optic axis are given in Column I. The
distance between the object and the component can be varied. The properties of images are given
in Column II. Match all the properties of images from Column II with the appropriate
components given in Column I. [JEE' 2008]

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
37
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

Column -  Column - 

(A) (p) Real image

(B) (q) Virtual image

Magnified image
(C) (r)

Image at infinity
(D) (s)

6. A ball is dropped from a height of 20 m above the surface of water in a lake. The refractive index
of water is 4/3. A fish inside the lake, in the line of fall of the ball, is looking at the ball. At an
instant, When the ball is 12.8 m above the water surface, the fish sees the speed of ball as [Take
g = 10 m/s2] [JEE' 2009]
(A) 9 m/s (B) 12 m/s (C) 16 m/s (D) 21.33 m/s
7.* A student performed the experiment of determination of focal length of a concave mirror by u-
v method using an optical bench of length 1.5 meter. The focal length of the mirror used is 24
cm. The maximum error in the location of the image can be 0.2 cm. The 5 sets of (u, v) values
recorded by the student (in cm) are : (42, 56), (48, 48), (60, 40), (66, 33), (78, 39). The data set(s)
that cannot come from experiment and is (are) incorrectly recorded, is (are) [JEE' 2009]
(A) (42, 56) (B) (48, 48) (C) (66, 33) (D) (78, 39)
8*. A ray OP of monochromatic light is incident on the face AB of prism
ABCD near vertex B at an incident angle of 60º (see figure). If the
refractive index of the material of the prism is 3 , which of the
following is (are) correct ?
(A) The ray gets totally internally reflected at face CD [JEE' 2010]
(B) The ray comes out through face AD
(C) The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is 90º
(D) The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is 120º
9. The focal length of a thin biconvex lens is 20cm. When an object is moved from a distance of 25cm in
m
front of it to 50cm, the magnification of its image changes from m25 to m50. The ratio 25 is :
m50
[JEE' 2010]
10. A biconvex lens of focal length 15 cm is in front of a plane mirror. The distance between the
lens and the mirror is 10 cm. A small object is kept at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. The
final image is [JEE' 2010]
(A) Virtual and at a distance of 16 cm from mirror
(B) Real and at distance of 16 cm from the mirror
(C) Virtual and at a distance of 20 cm form the mirror

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
38
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

(D) Real and at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror

11. Image of an object approaching a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 m along its optical
25 50
axis is observed to move from m to m in 30 seconds. What is the speed of the object in
3 7
km per hour. [JEE' 2010]
12. A large glass slab ( = 5/3) of thickness 8 cm is placed over a point source of light on a plane
surface. It is seen that light emerges out of the top surface of the slab from a circular area of
radius R cm. What is the value of R? [JEE' 2010]
13. Two transparent media of refractive indices 1 and 3 have a solid lens shaped transparent
material of refractive index 2 between them as shown in figures in column . A ray traversing
these media is also shown in the figures. In Column  different relationships between 1, 2 and
3 are given. Match them to the ray diagrams shown in Column . [JEE' 2010]
Column  Column 

(A) 1 < 2 (p)

(B) 1 > 2 (q)

(C) 2= 3 (r)

(D) 2 > 3 (s)

(t)

14. A light ray traveling in glass medium is incident on glass-air interface at an angle of incidence
. The reflected (R) and transmitted (T) intensities, both as function of , are plotted. The correct
sketch is [JEE' 2011]

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
39
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

4 7
15. Water (with refractive index = ) in a tank is 18 cm deep. Oil of refractive index lies on water
3 4
making a convex surface of radius of curvature ‘R = 6 cm’ as shown. Consider oil to act as a
thin lens. An object ‘S’ is placed 24 cm above water surface. The location of its image is at ‘x’
cm above the bottom of the tank. Then ‘x’ is [JEE' 2011]

16. A bi-convex lens is formed with two thin plano-convex lenses as shown in the figure. Refractive
index n of the first lens is 1.5 and that of the second lens is 1.2. Both the curved surfaces are of
the same radius of curvature R = 14 cm. For this bi-convex lens, for an object distance of 40 cm,
the image distance will be [IIT-JEE-2012; Paper-1]

(A) –280.0 cm (B) 40.0 cm (C) 21.5 cm (D) 13.3 cm

Paragraph for Question 17 and 18.

Most materials have the refractive index, n > 1. So, when a light ray from air enters a naturally
sin 1 n 2
occurring material, then by Snells' law,  , it is understood that the refracted ray bends
sin 2 n1
towards the normal. But it never emerges on the same side of the normal as the incident ray.
According to electromagnetism, the refractive index of the medium is given by the relation, n =
c
     r r where c is the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, v its speed in the
 
medium, r and r are negative, one must choose the negative root of n. Such negative refractive
index materials can now be artificially prepared and are called meta-materials. They exhibit
significantly different optical behavior, without violating any physical laws. Since n is negative,
it results in a change in the direction of propagation of the refracted light. However, similar to
normal materials, the frequency of light remains unchanged upon refraction even in meta-
materials. [IIT-JEE-2012, Paper-2]

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
40
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

17. Choose the correct statement.

(A) The speed of light in the meta-material is v = c|n|
c
(B) The speed of light in the meta-material is v =
|n|
(C) The speed of light in the meta-material is v = c.
(D) The wavelength of the light in the meta-material (m) is given by m = air |n|, where air is
the wavelength of the light in air.
18. For light incident from air on a meta-material, the appropriate ray diagram is :

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

19. The image of an object, formed by a plano-convex lens at a distance of 8 m behind the lens, is
2
real and is one-third the size of the object. The wavelength of light inside the lens is times the
3
wavelength in free space. The radius of the curved surface of the lens is :
[JEE-2013 (Advanced)]
(A) 1 m (B) 2 m (C) 3 m (D) 6 m
20. A ray of light travelling in the direction
1 ˆ
2
 
i  3jˆ is incident on a plane mirror. After reflection,

it travels along the direction

1 ˆ
2
 
i  3jˆ . The angle of incidence is : [JEE-2013 (Advanced]

(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 75º

21. A transparent thin film of uniform thickness and refractive index
n1 = 1.4 is coated on the convex spherical surface of radius R at
one end of a long solid glass cylinder of refractive index n2 = 1.5.
as shown in the figure. Rays of light parallel to the axis of the
cylinder traversing through the film from air to glass get focused
at distance f1 from the film, while rays of light traversing from
glass to air get focused at distance f2 from the film. Then
[JEE (Advanced) 2014,P-1]
(A) |f1| = 3R (B) |f1| = 2.8R (C) |f2| = 2R (D) |f2| = 1.4R

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
41
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

22. A point source S is placed at the bottom of a transparent block of

height 10 mm and refractive index 2.72. It is immersed in a lower
refractive index liquid as shown in the figure. It is found that the
light emerging from the block to the liquid forms a circular bright
spot of diameter 11.54 mm on the top of the block. The refractive
index of the liquid is [JEE (Advanced) 2014]
(A) 1.21 (B) 1.30 (C) 1.36 (D) 1.42
23. Four combinations of two thin lenses are given in List-. The radius of curvature of all curved
surface is r and the refractive index of all lenses is 1.5. Match lens combinations in List-I with their
focal length in List- and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.
[JEE (Advanced) 2014]
List- List-
P. 1. 2r

Q. 2. r/2

R. 3. –r

S. 4. r

Code :
(A) P-1, Q-2, R-3,S-4 (B) P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1 (C) P-4,Q-1, R-2,S-3 (D) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4
24. Consider a concave mirror and a convex lens (refractive index =
1.5) of focal length 10 cm each, separated by a distance of 50 cm
in air (refractive index = 1) as shown in the figure. An object is
placed at a distance of 15 cm from the mirror. Its erect image
formed by this combination has magnification M1. When the set-
up is kept in a medium of refractive index 7/6, the magnification
M2
becomes M2. The magnitude [JEE(Advanced) 2015 ; P-1]
M1
25. Two idenctical glass rods S1 and S2 (refractive index = 1.5) have one convex end of radius of
curvature 10 cm. They are placed with the curved surfaces at a distance d as shown in the figure,
with their axes (shown by the dashed line) aligned. When a point source of light P is placed
inside rod S1 on its axis at a distance of 50 cm from the curved face, the light rays emanating
from it are found to be parallel to the axis inside S2. The distance d is
[JEE (Advanced) 2015 ; P-1]

(A) 60 cm (B) 70 cm (C) 80 cm (D) 90 cm

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
42
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

26. A monochromatic beam of light is incident at 60º on one face of an equilateral prism of refractive
index n and emerges from the opposite face making an angle (n) with the normal (see the
d
figure). For n = 3 the value of  is 60º and = m. The value of m is :
dn
[JEE (Advanced) 2015]

Paragraph for Question 27 and 28

Light guidance in an optical fiber can be understood by considering a structure comprising of
thin solid glass cylinder of refractive index n1 surrounded by a medium of lower refractive index
n2. The light guidance in the structure takes place due to successive total internal reflections at
the interface of the media n1 and n2 as shown in the figure. All rays with the angle of incidence
i less than a particular value im are confined in the medium of refractive index n1. The numerical
aperture (NA) of the structure is defined as sin im.

27*. For two structures namely S1 with n1  45 / 4 and n2 = 3/2, and S2 with n1 = 8/5 and n2 = 7/5
and taking the refractive index of water to be 4/3 and that of air to be 1, the correct option(s) is
(are) [JEE (Advanced) 2015]
(A) NA of S1 immersed in water is the same as that of S2 immersed in a liquid of refractive index
16
3 15
6
(B) NA of S1 immersed in liquid of refractive index is that as that of S2 immersed in water
15
4
(C) NA of S1 placed in air is the same as that of S2 immersed in liquid of refractive index
15
(D) NA of S1 placed in air is the same as that of S2 placed in water
28. If two structures of same cross-sectional area, but different numerical apertures NA1 and NA2
(NA2 < NA1) are joined longitudinally, the numerical aperture of the combined structure is
[JEE (Advanced) 2015]
NA1 NA2
(A) (B) NA1 + NA2 (C) NA1 (D) NA2
NA1  NA2

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
43
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

29. A parallel beam of light is incident from air at an angle  on the P


side PQ of a right angled triangular prism of refractive index

n  2 . Light undergoes total internal reflection in the prism at
the face PR when  has a minimum value of 45º. The angle  of
n= 2
the prism is : [JEE (Advanced) 2016; P-1, 3/62, –1] Q R
(A) 15º (B) 22.5º (C) 30º (D) 45º
30*. A plano-convex lens is made of a material of refractive index n. When a small object is placed 30 cm
away in from of the curved surface of the lens, an image of double the size of the object is produced.
Due to reflection from the convex surface of the lens, another faint image is observed at a distance of
10 cm away from the lens. Which of the following statement (s) is (are) true?
[JEE (Advanced) 2016 ; P-1]
(A) The refractive index of the lens is 2.5 (B) The radius of curvature of the convex surface is 45 cm
(C) The faint image is erect and real (D) The focal length of the lens is 20 cm
31*. A transparent slab of thickness d has a refractive index n(z) that increases with z. Here z is the vertical
distance inside the slab, measured from the top. The slab is placed between two media with uniform
refractive indices n1 and n2 (> n1), as shown in the figure. A ray of light is incident with angle i from
medium 1 and emerges in medium 2 with refraction angle f with a lateral displacement l :
[JEE (Advanced) 2016 ; P-1]

n1 = constant i 1

n(z)
z
d

n2 = constant l 2
f

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true?

(A) n1 sini = n2 sin f (B) n1 sini =(n2 – n1) sin f
(C) l is independent of n2 (D) l is dependent of n(z)
32. A smaller object is placed 50 cm to the left of a thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm. A convex
spherical mirror of radius of curvature 100 cm is placed to the right of the lens at a distance of
50 cm. The mirror is tilted such that the axis of the mirror is at an angle  = 30º to the axis of the
lens, as shown in the figure. [JEE (Advanced) 2016; P-2]
f = 30 cm


x
(–50, 0) (0, 0)
R = 100 cm

50 cm
(50  50 3, 50)

If the origin of the coordinate system is taken to be at the centre of the lens, the coordinates (in
cm) of the point (x, y) at which the image is formed are
(A) (125/3, 25 / 3 ) (B) (25, 25 3) (C) (50  25 3, 25) (D) (0, 0)

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
44
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

33. For an isosceles prism of angle A and refractive index , it is found that the angle of minimum
deviation m = A. Which of the following options is/are correct ? [JEE (Advanced) 2017]
(A) At minimum deviation, the incident angle i1 and the refracting angle r1 at the first refracting
i 
surface are related by r1 =  1 
2
1 
(B) For this prism, the refractive index  and the angle of prism A are related as A  cos1  
2 2
(C) For the angle of incidence i1 = A, the ray inside the prism is parallel to the base of the prism
(D) For this prism, the emergent ray at the second surface will be tangential to the surface when
 A 
the angle of incidence at the first surface is i1  sin 1 sin A 4cos2 1  cos A
 2 
34. A monochromatic light is travelling in a medium of refractive index n = 1.6. It enters a stack of
glass layers from the bottom side at an angle  = 30°. The interfaces of the glass layers are
parallel to each other. The refractive indices of different glass layers are monotonically
decreasing as nm = n – mn, where nm is the refractive index of the mth slab and n = 0.1 (see
the figure). The ray is refracted out parallel to the interface between the (m – 1)th and mth slabs
from the right side of the stack. What is the value of m ? [JEE (Advanced) 2017; P-1]
m n – mn
m-1 n –(m-1)n

3 n – 3 n
2 n – 2 n
1 n –n
n


35. Sunlight of intensity 1.3 kWm−2 is incident normally on a thin convex lens of focal length 20
cm. Ignore the energy loss of light due to the lens and assume that the lens aperture size is much
smaller than its focal length. The average intensity of light, in kWm−2, at a distance 22 cm from
the lens on the other side is __________. [JEE (Advanced) 2018, P-1]
36. A wire is bent in the shape of a right angled triangle and is placed in front of a concave mirror
of focal length f, as shown in the figure. Which of the figures shown in the four options
qualitatively represent(s) the shape of the image of the bent wire? (These figures are not to scale.)
[JEE (Advanced) 2018, P-2]

(A) (B) (C) (D)

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
45
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

37. Sunlight of intensity 1.3 kW m−2 is incident normally on a thin convex lens of focal length
20 cm. Ignore the energy loss of light due to the lens and assume that the lens aperture size is
much smaller than its focal length. The average intensity of light, in 𝑘𝑊𝑚−2, at a distance 22 cm
from the lens on the other side is [JEE Advanced 2018 Paper 1 Offline]
38. A monochromatic light is incident from air on a refracting surface of a prism of angle 75∘ and
refractive index 𝑛0 = √3. The other refracting surface of the prism is coated by a thin film of
material of refractive index 𝑛 as shown in figure. The light suffers total internal reflection at
the coated prism surface for an incidence angle of 𝜃 ≤ 60∘ . The value of n2 is
[JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 2 Offline]

39. A planar structure of length 𝐿 and width 𝑊 is made of two different optical media of refractive
indices 𝑛1 = 1.5 and 𝑛2 = 1.44 as shown in figure. If 𝐿 > 𝑊, a ray entering from end 𝐴𝐵 will
emerge from end 𝐶𝐷. CD only if the total internal reflection condition is met inside the structure.
For L = 9.6 m, if the incident angle 𝜽 is varied, the maximum time taken by a ray to exit the
plane CD is t × 10−9 s, where, t is [JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 2 Offline]
8
[Speed of light, c = 3 × 10 m/s]

40. Three glass cylinders of equal height H = 30 cm and same refractive index n = 1.5 are placed
on a horizontal surface as shown in figure.
Cylinder I has a flat top, cylinder II has a convex top and cylinder III has a concave top. The
radii of curvature of the two curved tops are same (R = 3 m ). If H1 , H2, and H3 are the apparent
depths of a point X on the bottom of the three cylinders, respectively, the correct statement(s)
is/are [JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 2 Offiline]
(A) H2 > H1 (B) H3 > H1
(C) 0.85 cm < (H2 − H1 ) < 0.9 cm (D) H2 > H3

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
46
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

41. A thin convex lens is made of two materials with refractive indices 𝑛1 and 𝑛2 , as shown in the
figure. The radius of curvature of the left and right spherical surfaces are equal. 𝑓 is the focal
length of the lens when 𝑛1 = 𝑛2 = 𝑛. The focal length is 𝑓 + Δ𝑓 when 𝑛1 = 𝑛 and 𝑛2 = 𝑛 +
Δ𝑛. Assuming Δ𝑛 < (𝑛 − 1) and 1 < 𝑛 < 2, the correct statement(s) is/are
[JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 1 Offline]

Δ𝑛 Δ𝑓
(A) If < 0 then >0
𝑛 𝑓
(B) For n = 1.5, Δn = 10−3 and f = 20 cm, the value of |Δ𝑓| will be 0.02 cm (round off to
2nd decimal place).
Δ𝑓 Δ𝑛
(C) | 𝑓 | < | 𝑛 |
Δ𝑓 Δ𝑛
(D) The relation between and remains unchanged if both the convex surfaces are
𝑓 𝑛
replaced by concave surfaces of the same radius of curvature.
42. A large square container with thin transparent vertical walls and filled with water (refractive
4
index 3 ) is kept on a horizontal table. A student holds a thin straight wire vertically inside the
water 12 cm from one of its corners, as shown schematically in the figure. Looking at the wire
from this corner, another student sees two images of the wire, located symmetrically on each
side of the line of sight as shown. The separation (in cm) between these images is ;
[JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 2 Offline]

4
43. A beaker of radius 𝑟 is filled with water (refractive index ) up to a height H as shown in the
3
figure on the left. The beaker is kept on a horizontal table rotating with angular speed 𝜔. This
makes the water surface curved so that the difference in the height of water level at the center
and at the circumference of the beaker is h (h << H, h << r), as shown in the figure on the
right. Take this surface to be approximately spherical with a radius of curvature R. Which of the
following is/are correct? ( g is the acceleration due to gravity)
[JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 2 Offline]

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
47
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

ℎ2 +𝑟 2
(A) 𝑅 = 2ℎ
3𝑟 2
(B) 𝑅 = 2ℎ
−1
3𝐻 𝜔2𝐻
(C) Apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is close to (1 + )
2 2𝑔
−1
3𝐻 𝜔2 𝐻
(D) Apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is close to (1 + )
4 4𝑔
44. An extended object is placed at point 0,10 cm in front of a convex lens 𝐿1 and a concave lens
𝐿2 is placed 10 cm behind it, as shown in the figure. The radii of curvature of all the curved
surfaces in both the lenses ae 20 cm. The refractive index of both the lenses is 1.5. The total
magnification of this lens system is [JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 Online]

(A) 0.4 (B) 0.8 (C) 1.3 (D) 1.6

∘
45. For a prism of prism angle 𝜃 = 60 , the refractive indices of the left half and the right half are,
respectively, 𝑛1 and 𝑛2 (𝑛2 ≥ 𝑛1 ) as shown in the figure. The angle of incidence 𝑖 is chosen such
that the incident light rays will have minimum deviation if 𝑛1 = 𝑛2 = 𝑛 = 1.5. For the case of
unequal refractive indices, 𝑛1 = 𝑛 and 𝑛2 = 𝑛 + Δ𝑛 (where Δ𝑛 << 𝑛 ), the angle of emergence
𝑒 = 𝑖 + Δ𝑒. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
[JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 2 Online]

(A) The value of Δ𝑒 (in radians) is greater than that of Δ𝑛

(B) Δ e is proportional to Δ𝑛
(C) Δ e lies between 2.0 and 3.0 milliradians, if Δ𝑛 = 2.8 × 10−3
(D) Δ e lies between1.0 and 1.6 milliradians, if Δ𝑛 = 2.8 × 10−3
46. A wide slab consisting of two media of refractive indices n1 and n2 is placed in air as shown in
the figure. A ray of light is incident from medium 𝑛1 to 𝑛2 at an angle 𝜃, where sin 𝜃 is slightly

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
48
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

larger than 1/𝑛1 . Take refractive index of air as 1 . Which of the following statement(s) is(are)
correct? [JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 Online]

(A) The light ray enters air if n2 = n1

(B) The light ray is finally reflected back into the medium of refractive index 𝑛1 if n2 < n1
(C) The light ray is finally reflected back into the medium of refractive index n1 if n2 > n1
(D) The light ray is reflected back into the medium of refractive index 𝑛1 if 𝑛2 = 1
47. Consider a configuration of 𝒏 identical units, each consisting of three layers. The first layer is a
1
column of air of height ℎ = 3 cm, and the second and third layers are of equal thickness 𝑑 =
√3−1 3
cm, and refractive indices 𝜇1 = √2 and 𝜇2 = √3, respectively. A light source 0 is placed
2
on the top of the first unit, as shown in the figure. A ray of light from 0 is incident on the second
layer of the first unit at an angle of 𝜽 = 60∘ to the normal. For a specific value of 𝑛, the ray of
8
light emerges from the bottom of the configuration at a distance 𝑙 = cm, as shown in the
√3
figure. The value of 𝑛 is. [JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 2 Online]

48. An object and a concave mirror of focal length 𝑓 = 10 cm both move along the principal axis
of the mirror with constant speeds. The object moves with speed 𝑉0 = 15 cm s−1 towards the
mirror with respect to a laboratory frame. The distance between the object and the mirror at a
given moment is denoted by 𝑢. When = 30 cm, the speed of the mirror 𝑉𝑚 is such that the image
is instantaneously at rest with respect to the laboratory frame, and the object forms a real image.
The magnitude of 𝑉𝑚 is cms −1.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
49
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

2𝜋
49. A rod of length 2 cm makes an angle rad with the principal axis of a thin convex lens. The
3
40
lens has a focal length of 10 cm and is placed at a distance of cm from the object as shown
3
30√3
in the figure. The height of the image is cm and the angle made by it with respect to the
13
𝜋
principal axis is 𝛼 rad. The value of 𝛼 is 𝑛 rad, where 𝑛 is.
[JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 1 Online]

50. Three plane mirrors form an equilateral triangle with each side of length 𝐿. There is a small hole
at a distance 𝒍 > 𝟎 from one of the corners as shown in the figure. A ray of light is passed through
the hole at an angle 𝜽 and can only come out through the same hole. The cross section of the
mirror configuration and the ray of light lie on the same plane.
[JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 1 Online]
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(A) The ray of light will come out for 𝜃 = 30∘ , for 0 < 𝑙 < 𝐿.
𝐿
(B) There is an angle for 𝑙 = 2 at which the ray of light will come out after two reflections.
𝐿
(C) The ray of light will NEVER come out for 𝜃 = 60∘ , and 𝑙 = 3.
𝐿
(D) The ray of light will come out for 𝜃 = 60∘ , and 0 < 𝑙 < 2 after six reflections.
51. An optical arrangement consists of two concave mirrors 𝑀1 and 𝑀2 , and a convex lens 𝐿 with a
common principal axis, as shown in the figure. The focal length of 𝐿 is 10 cm. The radii of
curvature of 𝑀1 and 𝑀2 are 20 cm and 24 cm, respectively. The distance between 𝐿 and 𝑀2 is
20 cm. A point object 𝑆 is placed at the mid-point between L and 𝑀2 on the axis. When the
distance between L and M1 is /7 cm, one of the images coincides with S. The value of 𝑛 is .
[JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 1 Online]

52. A monochromatic light wave is incident normally on a glass slab of thickness 𝑑, as shown in the
figure. The refractive index of the slab increases linearly from 𝑛1 to 𝑛2 over the height ℎ. Which
of the following statement(s) is(are) true about the light wave emerging out of the slab?
[JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 2 Online]

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
50
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

(𝑛22 −𝑛12 )𝑑
(A) It will deflect up by an angle tan−1 [ ].
2ℎ
(𝑛 −𝑛 )𝑑
(B) It will deflect up by an angle tan−1 [ 2 ℎ 1 ].
(C) It will not deflect.
(D) The deflection angle depends only on (𝑛2 − 𝑛1 ) and not on the individual values of 𝑛1 and
𝑛2 .
53. A plane polarized blue light ray is incident on a prism such that there is no reflection from the
surface of the prism. The angle of deviation of the emergent ray is 𝛿 = 60∘ (see Figure-1). The
angle of minimum deviation for red light from the same prism is 𝛿min = 30∘ (see Figure-2). The
refractive index of the prism material for blue light is √3. Which of the following statement(s)
is(are) correct? [JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 1 Online]

(A) The blue light is polarized in the plane of incidence.

(B) The angle of the prism is 45∘ .
(C) The refractive index of the material of the prism for red light is √2.
(D) The angle of refraction for blue light in air at the exit plane of the prism is 60∘
54. A glass beaker has a solid, plano-convex base of refractive index 1.60, as shown in the figure.
The radius of curvature of the convex surface (SPU) is 9 cm, while the planar surface (STU)
acts as a mirror. This beaker is filled with a liquid of refractive index 𝑛 up to the level QPR. If
the image of a point object O at a height of ℎ (OT in the figure) is formed onto itself, then, which
of the following option(s) is(are) correct? [JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online]
(A) For = 1.42, ℎ = 50 cm. (B) For = 1.35, ℎ = 36 cm.
(C) For = 1.45, ℎ = 65 cm. (D) For = 1.48, ℎ = 85 cm.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
51
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

55. A light ray is incident on the surface of a sphere of refractive index 𝒏 at an angle of incidence
𝜽0 . The ray partially refracts into the sphere with angle of refraction 𝜙0 and then partly reflects
from the back surface. The reflected ray then emerges out of the sphere after a partial refraction.
The total angle of deviation of the emergent ray with respect to the incident ray is 𝛼. Match the
quantities mentioned in List-I with their values in List-II and choose the correct option.
[JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online]
List-I List-II

(P) If 𝑛 = 2 and 𝛼 = 180∘ , then all the possible values of 𝜃0 will be (1) 30∘ and 0∘

(Q) If 𝑛 = √3 and 𝛼 = 180∘ , then all the possible values of 𝜃0 will be (2) 60∘ and 0∘

(R) If 𝑛 = √3 and 𝛼 = 180∘ , then all the possible values of 𝜙0 will be (3) 45∘ and 0∘

(S) If 𝑛 = √2 and 𝜃0 = 45∘ , then all the possible values of 𝛼 will be (4) 150∘

(5) 0∘

(A) P → 5; Q → 2; R → 1; S → 4 (B) P → 5; Q → 1; R → 2; S → 4
(C) P → 3; Q → 2; R → 1; S → 4 (D) P → 3; Q → 1; R → 2; S → 5
56. Two equilateral-triangular prisms P1 and P2 are kept with their sides parallel to each other, in
vacuum, as shown in the figure. A light ray enters prism P1 at an angle of incidence 𝜃 such that
the outgoing ray undergoes minimum deviation in prism 𝐏2 . If the respective refractive indices
3 3 𝜋
of 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are √2 and √3, then 𝜃 = sin−1 [√2 sin (𝛽)], where the value of 𝛽 is .

[JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 2 Online]

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
52
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

ANSWER KEY
Exercise-I
PART – I
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (A)
8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (C)
15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (A) 21. (C)
22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (A) 25. (B) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (A)
29. (D) 30. (A) 31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (D) 34. (B) 35. (B)
36. (C) 37. (C) 38. (a) (A), (b) (C), (c) (C) 39. (C) 40. (B) 41. (B)
42. (A) 43. (A) 44. (D) 45. (A) 46. (A) 47. (C) 48. (C)
49. (D) 50. (D) 51. (D) 52. (C) 53. (B) 54. (D) 55. (A)
56. (B) 57. (A) 58. (A) 59. (C) 60. (A) 61. (B) 62. (A)
63. (C) 64. (D) 65. (D) 66. (D) 67. (C) 68. (B) 69. (D)
70. (D) 71. (D) 72. (C) 73. (C) 74. (D) 75. (A) 76. (B)
77. (B) 78. (D) 79. (C) 80. (B)

Exercise-S
PART – I
1. 120º anticlockwise and 240º clockwise. 2. 30º clockwise. 3. 60º
4. Mirror should be placed on the path of the rays at an  of 78º or 12° to the horizontal
5. (a) 1 ; (b) (4, 0) ; (c) No
6. (a) Position of image = (1 cos 60º î , – 1 sin 60º ĵ ) (b) Velocity of image=(1 cos 60º, + 1 sin 60º) m/s.
245 3933
7. nfinitely large. 8. cm = 61.25 cm 9. 10.35 cm =
4 380
cm
10. 84 cm, 0.5 cm 11. 0.2 m from the mirror
12. (a) 40 cm/s opposite to the velocity of object., (b) 20 cm/s opposite to the velocity of object.
13. 60 cm 14. 86 cm 15. 2/3 × 10–8 sec
 1 1 
16. 3   cm = 9.9 mm, 45° 17. 30 cm 18. 25 cm.
 2 7
68
19. 9 cm/s 20. 35 cm, Shift = 5 cm. 21. cm 22. 0.9 cm above P
3
h 2
23. 3 cm 24. 25. 45° 26. n> 2
2  1
3 1
27. 90º 28.  = 60° 39. (i) 1.5°, (ii) 30. 2sin 1
8 
31. 40 cm from pole in the medium of refractive index 1, virtual, erect and 4 cm in size.
32. 80 cm 33. 50 cm right of B.

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
53
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

27
34. = 13.5 cm below the surface of water
2
35. 8/3 mm, virtual at v = – 20, no inversion
36. (a) 2, (b) not possible, it will focus close to the centre if the refractive index is large
37. m = 4/3 38. ± 12 cm, ± 60 cm
39. 360 cm ;  ; – 600 cm 40. Converging ; real
µ3R µ1R
41. (a) (b)
2µ2  µ1  µ3 2µ2  µ1  µ3
42. (i) 7/5 (ii) In this liquid the 1st lens will be diverging & the 2nd a converging one
43. 20 cm, 1 m, – 4, 4 cm 44. 0.3 m 45. 1.5 cm
46. 0.4 cm 47. 30 cm
48. 60 cm from the lens further away from the mirror
5
49. cm from the lens 50. 31 cm from the lens
3
51. 1.0 cm if the light is incident from the side of concave lens and 2.5 mm if it is incident from the side
of the convex lens and the corresponding ratio of intensities are 1/4 and 4.
52. 10 D, Optical power of each lens = 5 D.
53. 10 cm for convex lens and 60 cm for concave lens
54. (a) 15 cm from the lens on the axis (b) 1.14 cm towards the lens
1 2(µv  µr ) 2(µy  1)
55. (a) = 0.25 (b) 0.90° 56. 4° 57. (a) , (b)
4 µv   µr  µy   1
99
58. 59. (a) 3° (b) 0.015º (c) 3º (d) 0.225° . 24; 150 cm
4900
. u0 = – 1.45, v0 = 8.75, L = v0 + fe = 13.75
62. (a) ve = – 2.5 cm and fe = 6.25 cm give ue = – 5 cm; v0 = (15 – 5) cm = 10 cm.
f0 = u0 = – 2.5 cm;
10 25
Magnifying power =  = 20
2.5 5
(b) ue = – 6.25 cm, v0 = (15 – 6.25) cm = 8.75, f0 = 2.0 cm. Therefore
u0 = – (70/27) = – 2.59 cm.
v 27
Magnifying power = 0 × (25/6.25) = × 4 = 13.5
| u0 | 8
Exercise-A
PART - I

1. (AB) 2. (ACD) 3. (BD) 4. (CD) 5. (AD) 6. (AC)

7. (ABC) 8. (BC) 9. (AC) 10. (BC) 11. (ABC) 12. (BD)
13. (AD) 14. (ABD)15. (AB) 16. (BC) 17. (AC) 18. (AD)
19. (AD) 20. (ABD) 21. (ABCD)

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
54
Geometrical Optics PHYSICS

PART - II

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (B)

PART - III

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C)

Exercise-C
PART - I
1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (2) 6. (2) 7. (1)
8. (4) 9. (3) 10. (3) 11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (1) 14. (3)
15. (4) 16. (2) 17. (2) 18. (1) 19. (3) 20. (4) 21. (1)
22. (3) 23. (1) 24. (4) 25. (1) 26. (5) 27. (4) 28. 50.00
29. (1) 30. (4) 31. (1) 32. (4) 33. (4) 34. 600 35. (4)
36. 12 37. (4) 38. 210 39. (1) 40. (2) 41. 10 42. (4)
43. 50 44. (2) 45. (3) 46. 18 47. 30 48. (2) 49. 34
50. (3) 51. (4) 52. (1) 53. 98 54. (1) 55. 100 56. (2)
57. 120 58. 54 59. 52 60. (1) 61. 30 62. (1) 63. (4)
64. 32 65. (4) 66. 5 67. (1) 68. 32 69. (3) 70. 15
71. (1) 72. (4) 73. (1) 74. (2) 75. (3) 76. 10 77. 20
78. (4) 79. 200

PART - II

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (B)

5. (A)–p,q,r,s; (B)–q; (C) – p,q,r,s ; (D) – p,q,r,s 6. (C) 7. (CD)
8. (ABC) 9. 6 10. (B) 11. 3 12. 6
13. (A) – p,r ; (B) –q,s,t ; (C) – p,r,t ; (D) – q, s
14. (C) 15. 2 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (A)
21. (AC) 22. (C) 23. (B) 24. 7 25. (B) 26. 2 27. (AC)
28. (D) 29. (A) 30. (AD) 31. (ACD) 32. (B) 33. (ACD) 34. (8)
35. 130.00 36. (D) 37. 130 38. 1.50 39. 50 40. (A, D) 41. (A, B, D)
42. 4 43. (A, D) 44. (B) 45. (B, C) 46. (B, C, D) 47. 4 48. 3
49. 5.95 to 6.05 50. (A, B) 51. 80 or 150 or 220 52. (B, D) 53. (A, C, D)
54. (A, B) 55. (A) 56. 12

ISAC LEARNING
B17, Rd No. 2, Near Lokhith Residency, Instrumentation Limited Colony, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005 (8905268784, 8905168784)
55