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U1T7 Database Development Life Cycle

The Database Development Life Cycle (DDLC) is a structured process essential for creating effective databases within applications. It consists of various stages including initial study, design, implementation, testing, operation, and maintenance, each focusing on different aspects of database development. Proper execution of DDLC ensures data stability, integrity, and enhances application performance.

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2 views

U1T7 Database Development Life Cycle

The Database Development Life Cycle (DDLC) is a structured process essential for creating effective databases within applications. It consists of various stages including initial study, design, implementation, testing, operation, and maintenance, each focusing on different aspects of database development. Proper execution of DDLC ensures data stability, integrity, and enhances application performance.

Uploaded by

joyalprincess
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Database Development Life Cycle

 In computer systems, data are stored in file-based systems and database systems.
 File-based systems fail to effectively check data duplication, accuracy (can’t take exact
data), and integrity, leading to decreased security. To handle this constraint the
database approach is convinced.
 A database plays a crucial role in developing a successful application.
 A database must be designed prudently and systematically which is known as
the Database Development Life Cycle.

Database Development Life Cycle (DDLC)

 Database Development Life Cycle is a structured process imposed upon the


development of the database portion of the application.
 To develop an effective application a database must be created in a structured process.
At every step of DDLC, the database is involved and refined.
 With DDLC, the data elements are more stable and make the database logically very
sound.

There are various stages of the Database Development Life Cycle they are -

1. Database initial study


2. Database Design
3. Implementation and loading
4. Testing and evaluation
5. Operation
6. Maintenance
1. Database Initial Study

To begin with this, there will be different stages -

Phase-1

Stage 1 analyzes the company's circumstances (we are working for whose, we stored data
base for whose, to analysis information about the company) this stage too considers-

 What are the organization and its common requirements?


 What is its mission inside that environment (what work they are going to give us)?
 The most important step in implementing a database system is to find out what is
needed i.e. what type of a database is required for the business organization, daily
volume of data, how much data needs to be stored in the master files etc.
 In order to collect all this information, a database analyst spends a lot of time within the
business organization talking to people, end users and getting acquainted with the day-
to-day process.

Phase-2

In stage 2 issues and imperatives are characterized. This stage considers-

 How does the existing framework work?


 What input does the framework require?
 How is the framework yield utilized? And, by whom?
 What reports does the framework generate?
 What is the operational relationship among trade units?
 What limits and limitations does the framework have?

Phase-3

In stage 3 the Goals are characterized. This stage considers-

 Objective of all proposed systems.


 Does the framework require sharing the information with other frameworks or users?
 Will the framework interface with the other existing or future frameworks in the
company?
Phase-4

In stage 4 the scopes and boundaries are characterized.

 Scope what is the extent (size) of the plan based on operational requirements?
 Boundaries such as Budget, equipment and computer program, and, Outside
organizational alter are required

2. Database Design

 The evaluation phase of a database design is the process of creating a detailed data
model or blueprint of the database.
 This data model consists of all the logical and physical design options and physical
storage parameters that are required to generate a design in data definition language
that can be used to create a database.

The database design is divided into four types.

1. Conceptual Design
2. DBMS software selection
3. Logical Design
4. Physical Design

1. Conceptual Design

 Database modeling is used to create an abstract database structure, which permits you
to emphasize the big picture without getting into details.
 The model produced at this stage is from the client's worldview, not the real world.
Here you can split this model into small parts for better understanding.
 One of the common techniques used for conceptual design is the Entity Relationship
Model (E-R Model).

2. DBMS Software Selection

 For this software selection, we have to take special care of a few factors affecting the
decision such as Cost, Maintenance, Operational, License, Installation, Training, and
Conversion costs.

3. Logical Design
 The logical design translates the conceptual design into an internal model of the
chosen DBMS.
 It specifies a high-level language. It specifies what tables and connections between
them should exist.
 It discovers entities in your model and the relationship between them. Splitting a table
into a small table and associating it with relations is called normalization.
 The logical design ensures what are the columns in a table. In RDBMS the logical design
includes the design of tables, indexes, views, transactions, etc.

4. Physical Design

 Physical design is a relocation of the expected schema into the actual database
structure. At this time we have to map the entities into tables, relationships to foreign
keys, and unique identifiers to unique keys.
 Translating schemas into database structure requires creating partitions, indexes,
constraints, access control, and implementing some business rule chat that could not
be modeled earlier.

3. Implementation and Loading

At this stage in the lifecycle:

 Create a database storage group.


 Create a database within the storage group.
 Assign permissions to database administrators to use the database.
 Create tablespaces within the database.

4. Testing and Evaluation

 Testing and evaluation is a way to determine the subject merit, worth, and significance,
using the criteria governed by a set of standards phase occurs in parallel with the
application programming.
 Programmers use database tools such as report generators, screen painters, and menu
generators to prototype the application during the coding of the programs.
5. Operation

 The testing and evaluation phase is followed by the operation phase.


 At the start of the operation phase, the process of system development always begins,
as the system evolves from a simple to a more complex form.
 In this phase, the database is accessed by the end users and application programs.
 This stage includes adding of new data, modifying existing data and deletion of
absolute data.
 This phase provides useful information and helps management to make a business
decision.

6. Maintenance

 The maintenance phase plays a crucial role in database development as it includes


major tasks such as access management, database recovery, database backup,
enhancing security, software updates, and hardware maintenance.

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