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Amplitude Modulation All Questions Answers

Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a communication technique where the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied according to the message signal. An AM signal consists of a carrier, upper sideband, and lower sideband, with the modulation index indicating the efficiency of the modulation. While AM is simple and cost-effective, it suffers from power inefficiency and susceptibility to noise.

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4 views3 pages

Amplitude Modulation All Questions Answers

Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a communication technique where the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied according to the message signal. An AM signal consists of a carrier, upper sideband, and lower sideband, with the modulation index indicating the efficiency of the modulation. While AM is simple and cost-effective, it suffers from power inefficiency and susceptibility to noise.

Uploaded by

shahriarsaif030
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Amplitude Modulation (AM) - Important Questions and Answers

1. Define Amplitude Modulation. What components make up an AM signal?

Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a technique used in communication systems in which the amplitude of

a high-frequency carrier wave is varied in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the

modulating (message) signal, while the frequency and phase remain constant.

Mathematical Expression:

If the message signal is

m(t) = A_m * cos(w_m * t)

and the carrier signal is

c(t) = A_c * cos(w_c * t),

then the Amplitude Modulated signal is:

s(t) = [A_c + A_m * cos(w_m * t)] * cos(w_c * t)

Let modulation index, mu = A_m / A_c,

So,

s(t) = A_c [1 + mu * cos(w_m * t)] * cos(w_c * t)

Components of AM Signal:

1. Carrier: Frequency = f_c

2. Upper Sideband (USB): Frequency = f_c + f_m

3. Lower Sideband (LSB): Frequency = f_c - f_m

These sidebands carry the actual information of the message signal.

2. Derive the expression for an AM wave and illustrate its frequency spectrum.
Starting with the carrier signal c(t) = A_c * cos(w_c * t) and the message signal m(t) = A_m *

cos(w_m * t),

the AM signal is:

s(t) = [A_c + A_m * cos(w_m * t)] * cos(w_c * t)

Expanding this:

s(t) = A_c * cos(w_c * t) + A_m * cos(w_m * t) * cos(w_c * t)

Using the identity:

cos(A) * cos(B) = 1/2 [cos(A + B) + cos(A - B)]

We get:

s(t) = A_c * cos(w_c * t) + (A_m / 2) * [cos((w_c + w_m) * t) + cos((w_c - w_m) * t)]

This expression shows that the AM signal has three components:

- Carrier: frequency = w_c

- Upper sideband: frequency = w_c + w_m

- Lower sideband: frequency = w_c - w_m

Total Bandwidth = 2 * f_m

3. Explain the concept of modulation index in AM and its significance.

The modulation index (mu) is the ratio of the amplitude of the message signal to the amplitude of the

carrier signal:

mu = A_m / A_c
Percentage modulation = mu * 100%

Significance:

- If mu < 1: under-modulation (inefficient)

- If mu = 1: ideal modulation

- If mu > 1: over-modulation (causes distortion)

4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Amplitude Modulation.

Advantages:

- Simple to implement

- Inexpensive receivers

- Requires simple demodulation techniques

Disadvantages:

- Not power efficient

- Prone to noise and interference

- Bandwidth is double the message signal

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