Dt : 5/1/2024(day-1)

Review of CoreJava:(Summary of CoreJava)

1.Programming Components(Java Alphabets)

2.Programming Concepts

3.Object Oriented Programming features

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1.Programming Components(Java Alphabets)

a.Variables

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b.Methods
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c.Constructors

d.Blocks

e.Classes
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f.Interfaces
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g.AbstractClasses
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2.Programming Concepts

a.Object Oriented programming

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b.Exception Handling process

c.Java Collection Framework(JCF)

(data structures in Java)

d.Multi-Threading process

e.IO Streams and Files(JavaProgram - File Storage)

 f.Socket programming in Java(Networking in Java)

3.Object Oriented Programming features

a.Class

b.Object

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c.Abstraction

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d.Encapsulation

e.PolyMorphism

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f.Inheritance
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Output of CoreJava:

(i)Constructing Object Oriented Programs

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(ii)Can develop StandAlone Applications
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define program?
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=>program is a set-of-Instructions.
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define Application?

=>set-of-programs collected together to perform defined task is known as

Application.
Types of Applications:

=>Applications are categorized into four types:

1.Stand-Alone Applications

2.Web Applications

3.Enterprise Applications

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4.Mobile Applications

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1.Stand-Alone Applications:

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=>The applications which are installed in one computer and performs actions
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in the same computer are known as Stand-Alone Appliactions or DeskTop

Applications or Windows Applications

=>Based on User interaction the Stand-Alone applications are categorized into

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two types:
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(i)CUI Applications

(ii)GUI Applications
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(i)CUI Applications:
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=>The applications in which the user interacts through 'console' are known as

CUI Applications.(CUI - Console User Interface)

(ii)GUI Applications:

=>The applications in which the user interacts through 'gui components' are
 known as GUI Applications.(GUI - Graphical user Interface)

=>We use the following to construct GUI components:

AWT - (Abstract Window Toolkit)

swing

JavaFx

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Note:

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=>CoreJava Components,Concepts and features are used to develop
Stand-Alone

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Applications,which means NonServer Applications

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2.Web Applications:

=>The applications which are executing in Web Environment or Internet

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Environment are known as Web Applications or Internet Applications.

=>we use the following technologies to construct Web Applications:

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(i)JDBC

(ii)Servlet
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(iii)JSP
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Web Application Architecture:

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(i)JDBC:
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=>JDBC stands for 'Java DataBase Connectivity' and which is used to establish
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communication to Database product.

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(ii)Servlet:

=>Servlet means Server-program and which accepts the request from User.
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(iii)JSP:

=>JSP stands for 'Java Server page' and which is response from Web
Application
Note:

=>AdvJava includes these three technologies.

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3.Enterprise Applications:

=>The applications which are executing in distributed environment and

depending

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on the features like 'Security','LoadBalancing' and 'Clustering' are knwon

as Enterprise Applications or Enterprise Distributed Applications.

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4.Mobile Applications:
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=>The applications which are executed in mobile environment are known as

Mobile Applications.
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define Storage?
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=>The memory location where data is available for accessing is known as

Storage.
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Types of Storages:

=>According to Java Application development,the Storages are categorized into

four types:

1.Field Storage
 2.Object Storage

3.File Storage

4.Database Storage

1.Field Storage:

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=>The memory generated to hold single data value is known as Field Storage.

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=>The Primitive datatypes will generate Field Storages.

(byte,short,int,long,float,double,char,boolean)

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2.Object Storage:

=>The memory generated to hold group members is known as Object Storage.

=>The NonPrimitive datatypes will generate Object Storages.

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(Class,Interface,Array,Enum)
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Dt : 6/1/2024(day-2)
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Ex:

class Addition
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int a;

int b;

void add()

{
 int c = a+b;

System.out.println("Sum:"+c);

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Addition ob = new Addition();

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Diagram:

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faq:

wt is the diff b/w

(i)Object

(ii)Object reference
 (iii)Object reference Variable

(i)Object:

=>The memory generated to hold group members is known as Object.

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(ii)Object reference:

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=>The address location where object is created,is known as Object reference.

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(iii)Object reference Variable:
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=>The NonPrimitive datatype variable which hold Object reference is known as

Object reference variable or Object Name.

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Object Oriented programming levels:

1.Object definition
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2.Object creation

3.Object Location
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4.Object Components

5.Object Types

(a)User defined class Objects

(b)string-Objects

(i)String Class Objects

 (ii)StringBuffer Class Objects

(iii)StringBuilder Class Objects

(c)WrapperClass Objects

(i)Byte Object

(ii)Short Object

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(iii)Integer Object

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(iv)Long Object

(v)Float Object

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(vi)Double Object
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(vii)Character Object

(viii)Boolean Object

(d)Array Objects
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(i)Array holding User defined class Objects
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(ii)Array holding String Objects

(iii)Array holding WrapperClass Objects

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(iv)Array holding dis-similer objects(Object Array)

(v)Array holding Array-Objects(Jagged Array)

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(e)Collection<E> Objects

1.List<E> Objects

(i)ArrayList<E> Objects

(ii)LinkedList<E> Objects

(iii)Vector<E> Objects
 =>Stack<E> Object

2.Queue<E> Objects

(i)PriorityQueue<E> Objects

=>Deque<E>

(ii)ArrayDeque<E> Objects

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(iii)LinkedList<E> Objects

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3.Set<E> Objects

(i)HashSet<E> Objects

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(ii)LinkedHashSet<E> Objects
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(iii)TreeSet<E> Objects

(f)Map<K,V> Objects

(i)HashMap<K,V> Objects
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(ii)LinkedHashMap<K,V> Objects
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(iii)TreeMap<K,V> Objects

(iV)Hashtable<K,V> Objects
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(g)Enum<E> objects

6.Objects Colletion(Grouping Objects)

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7.Objects Sorting

8.Object Locking

9.Object Serialization

10.Object Cloning
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Note:

=>Field Storages in Java can be at three levels:

1.Class Level - Static Variables(Class Variables)

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2.Object Level - Instance Variables(Object Variables)

3.Method Level - Local Variables(Method Variables)

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Note:
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=>The Field Storages and Object Storages,which are created part of JavaApp in

JVM are destroyed automatically when JVM ShutDowns,but Applications

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needs

permanent storages and we use any one of the following:

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=>File Storage

=>Database Storage
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ipa
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Dt : 7/1/2024
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faq:

define API?
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=>API stands for 'Application Programming Interface' and which is a Platform

for developers to develop applications using Language or Technology or

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Framework.

=>In Java,each package is one API and which is collection of 'Classes and

Interfaces'.

=>The following are some important APIs from Java:

java.lang - Language API

 java.util - Collection Framework API

java.io - IO Streams and File API

java.net - Networking API

java.sql - JDBC API

javax.servlet - Servlet Programming API

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javax.servlet.jsp - JSP Programming API

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java - represents Java Library

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javax - represents Extended Java Library
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3.File Storage:
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=>The smallest permanent storage of ComputerSystem which is 'controlled and

managed' by the OperatingSystem is known as File Storage.

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=>In the process of establishing communication b/w Java-Program and

DB-Product,
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the Java-Program must be constructed using 'Classes and Interfraces'

available
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from 'java.io' package.

Diagram:
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Dis-Advantage of File Storage:

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1.Data redundancy

2.Data Inconsistency
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3.Data Integrity problem

4.Data Sharing Problem

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5.Data Security Problem

1.Data redundancy:

=>File Storage leads to Data replication,known as Data redundancy.

2.Data Inconsistency:

=>Because of Data replication,InConsistent data is generated.

(which means different data related to users)

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3.Data Integrity problem:

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=>File Storage will not support data Integrity,which means combining the data

available in Scatter-form

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4.Data Sharing Problem:

=>File Storage will not Support data Sharing.

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5.Data Security Problem:
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=>File Storage cannot provide security for data.

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Note:
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=>Because of File Storage dis-advantages,we are not using File Storage as

major backend for applications.

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Dt : 8/1/2024
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4.Database Storage:

=>The largest permanent storage of ComputerSystem which is installed from

externally is known as database Storage.

=>To establish communication b/w JavaProgram and Database product,the

JavaProgram

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must be constructed using 'classes and Interfaces' from java.sql package and

the program must take the support of JDBC-driver

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Diagram:
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faq:

define driver?

=>Small s/w program which is used to interlink two end-points for

communication
 is known as driver.

=>OperatingSystem is in-built with many drivers like,

Audio driver

Video driver

N/W driver

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...

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faq:

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define JDBC driver?
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=>The driver which is used to interlink JavaProgram and Database product,is

known as JDBC driver(Java DataBase Connectivity - driver)

=>These JDBC drivers are categorized into four types:

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1.JDBC-ODBC bridge driver(Type-1)
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2.Native API driver(Type-2)

3.Network Protocol driver(Type-3)

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4.Thin driver(Type-4)

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Make ComputerSystem environment ready for executing JDBC Applications:

Step-1 : Download and Install Database product(Oracle)

step-2 : Perform Login process and check Database is working or not

step-3 : Create the table with name "User58"

 (uname,mid,phno)

create table User58(uname varchar2(15),mid varchar2(25),phno number(15),

primary key(uname));

step-4 : Insert min 5 user details into table

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insert into User58 values('Alex','[email protected]',9898981234);

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step-5 : Copy DB Jar file into User defined folder

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Note:
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=>DB Jar file is available in 'lib' folder of Oracle-Installed-folder

C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server\jdbc\lib

ojdbc6 - Oracle11
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faq:
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define JAR?

=>JAR stands for Java Archieve and which is compressed format of more
class-files
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step-6 : Find PortNo and Service_name of Database product

Note:

=>Open tnsnames.ora file from 'Admin' folder of 'network' to find PortNo and

Service_name

C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server\network\ADMIN
 PortNo : 1521

Service_name : XE

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we use the following steps to establish connection b/w JavaProgram and DB
product:

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step-1 : Loading driver

step-2 : Creating Connection

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step-3 : Preparing statements

step-4 : Executing queries

step-5 : Closing Connection

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JDBC API:
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=>java.sql package is known as JDBC-API and which provide the 'Classes and
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Interfaces' used to construct JDBC Applications.

=>'java.sql.Connection' interface is the root of JDBC-API.

=>The following are some important methods of 'Connection' interface:

1.createStatement()

2.prepareStatement()
 3.prepareCall()

4.setAutoCommit()

5.getAutoCommit()

6.setSavepoint()

7.releaseSavepoint()

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8.commit()

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9.rollback()

10.close()

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