Assignments in Science Class X (Term I)

6 Life Processes
IMPORTANT NOTES
1. Every living organism has a need of nutrition as 13. Breathing is a physical process which involves
it is through nutrition that one obtains energy. inhalation and exhalation.
2. The process of intake and utilisation of nutrients 14. Respiration is a biochemical process which
(i.e. substances that either release energy or includes breathing and oxidation of food.
help in the manufacture of biomolecules) is 15. Respiration in the presence of oxygen is known
known as nutrition. as aerobic respiration.
3. Green plants are autotrophs as they synthesise
16. Respiration that occurs in absence of oxygen is
their own food using sunlight, chlorophyll,
known as anaerobic respiration.
carbon dioxide and water.
17. During aerobic respiration, food (glucose) is
4. Photosynthetic equation
completely broken down into carbon dioxide
sunlight
6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + and oxygen and energy is released in the form
chlorophyll
of ATP.
6H2O + 6O2
18. Aerobic respiration occurs in higher organisms
5. Chlorophyll is a light receiver which can trap
including human being.
solar energy within its molecule.
19. Anaerobic respiration occurs in certain bacteria,
6. The site of chlorophyll activity is the special
yeast and also in our muscles.
plant cell organelles called chloroplasts.
20. The muscles of vertebrate animals can continue
7. In humans the alimentary canal is basically a
working for a minute or two without oxygen.
long tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
When we eat something we like, our mouth 21. Micro-organisms such as yeast and certain
‘waters’. This watery fluid is called saliva bacteria obtain their energy by anaerobic
secreted by the salivary glands. respiration which is termed fermentation.
8. The gastric glands present in the stomach wall 22. Common type of fermentation is alcoholic
of human, release hydrochloric acid, pepsin and fermentation which is performed by yeast.
mucus. 23. Direct respiration is seen in unicellular organisms
9. Tooth decay or dental carries causes gradual like Amoeba, Paramecium, bacteria and
softening of enamel and dentine. Brushing the Chlamydomonas.
teeth after eating removes the dental plaque. 24. Diffusion is defined as the movement of a
10. Factors that affect photosynthesis are (i) Light, substance from a region of higher concentration
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(ii) Temperature, (iii) Water, and (iv) Carbon to a region of lower concentration.
dioxide. 25. Rate of respiration in plants is much slower than
11. Animal nutrition shows a very wide range. in animals.
Unicellular organisms like Amoeba obtain food 26. In higher plants, the exchange of gases occurs
by the process of phagocytosis. The human through stomata and lenticels.
digestive system climaxes the evolutionary
development of the digestive system with 27. Organs of respiration in animals are skin,
numerous glands, digestive juices and organs trachea, gills, lungs, etc.
working together. The various steps of nutrition 28. Thin-walled air sacs called alveoli are present
are ingestion, digestion, absorption and in lungs.
assimilation. 29. The blood contains a pigment, haemoglobin,
12. The energy-rich molecule in which energy is which helps in the transport of carbon dioxide
first captured is adenosine triphosphate or ATP. and oxygen.

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30. In human beings, four basic processes are 46. Blood Vessels
involved in respiration—breathing, gaseous
transport, tissue respiration and cellular
respiration. Plasma Red blood White blood Platelets
31. In the thoracic cavity, the lungs are bound by a cells cells
convex muscular and elastic sheet called 47. Lymph: Lymph is also known as tissue fluid. It
diaphragm. is another type of fluid involved in
32. Diffusion is a major method by which transportation. It is colourless and contains less
transportation of material occurs in single celled protein. Some amount of plasma, proteins and
organisms like bacteria. blood-cells escape into intercellular spaces in
33. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a the tissues in the form of lymph. It drains into
region of higher concentration to that of lower lymphatic capillaries from the intercellular
concentration resulting in their uniform spaces. It drains excess fluid from the extra
distribution. cellular space back into the blood. Lymph
carries digested as well as absorbed fat from the
34. The entire surface of the root is not associated
intestine.
with absorption of water and nutrients.
48. The pathway indicating the flow of blood within
35. Only 1% to 2% of the total water absorbed by
the human heart.
the roots, is used up in photosynthesis and
metabolic activities. The right half of the heart always has
deoxygenated blood while the left half has only
36. The main process involved in the upward
oxygenated blood.
conduction of water and minerals is called
transpiration. 49. As the blood flows, a part of it gets filtered out
of the capillary walls. This forms the lymph.
37. Through transpiration pull, movement of water
and minerals take place. Lymph — carries digested fats.
38. The transportation of food from the leaves to — returns proteins and other fluids for
other plant parts is termed translocation. circulation.
39. In case of plants, xylem is made of tracheids — lymphocytes contribute towards
and vessels. Both are thick walled with immunity.
perforations in their cell wall. 50. The waste products in animals include carbon
40. Water and mineral salts are absorbed by root dioxide, nitrogenous compounds like ammonia,
hair and are transported in the plant by xylem urea and uric acid, bile pigments from the
vessels which are long interconnected tubes. breakdown of haemoglobin, excess salts and
vitamins.
41. Transpirational pull works as a suction force
for the upward movement of the sap. 51. The most poisonous of all waste by-products of
metabolism is ammonia.
42. Long distance transportation of food material
from the leaves to the other parts of the plant is 52. The kidneys extract urea from the blood and
known as ‘translocation’. excrete it from the body as part of a liquid called
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urine.
43. Phloem is the living tissue that translocates
prepared food in aqueous solution. Phloem is 53. Excretion of waste products is very simple and
made of living cells called ‘sieve tubes’. much less in plants as compared to animals.
44. In human beings the main transporter is the 54. Excretory system of human, mainly consists of
blood which flows in blood vessels and is a pair of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder,
pumped by the heart. urethra, etc.
55. Excretory organs in animals are lungs, skin,
45. Blood Vessels
kidneys and liver.
56. An artificial kidney machine works on the
Arteries Veins Capillaries principle of dialysis.
(carry blood away (carry blood (Interconnectors 57. Dialysis is a process of separating small
from the heart) towards the between arterioles molecules from larger ones using a semi-
heart) and veinules) permeable membrane.
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58. Bowman’s capsule is a cup shaped body carried by (i) haemoglobin in the blood and, (ii)
enclosing glomerulus part of a nephron. water in which it gets dissolved.
59. Glomerulus is a network of finely divided blood 62. The kidneys perform two major functions—(i)
capillaries enclosed in Bowman’s capsule. help to remove toxic wastes like urea from the
60. Structural and functional unit of kidney is blood and thereby clean the blood, (ii) control
nephron. water balance and levels of mineral salts in the
The parts of a nephron are (a) a tuft of capillaries body.
called ‘glomerulus’, (b) Bowman’s capsule, (c) 63. The filtration of blood for the removal of wastes
extended tubular system and a collecting duct. can be done by an artificial kidney, in cases of
61. Carbon dioxide produced during respiration is renal failure. Such a system is called ‘Dialysis’.

I. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 Mark)

A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. What is life process? 16. Why is nasal cavity warm and coated with
2. What are autotrophs? mucous inside?
3. What fulfills the carbon and energy requirements 17. What is the rate of breathing in human beings
of the autotrophic organism? under normal conditions?
4. Which nutrient serves as the internal energy 18. Where can you see anaerobic respiration?
reserve of the plant? 19. How long can the muscles of vertebrates work
5. What are heterotrophic organisms? in absence of oxygen?
6. What are the green dots present in a leaf? 20. What are the products of anaerobic
fermentation?
7. When do desert plants take up carbon dioxide?
21. How does diaphragm help in inspiration?
8. What are stomata?
22. Why is blood called a ‘liquid connective tissue’?
9. When do guard cells swell?
23. Name the two major chambers of the human
10. Name some parasitic plants and animals.
heart.
11. What are the enzymes secreted by stomach?
24. What is the other term for extracellular fluid?
12. What are villi?
25. Why does the face of a person become red in
13. What is respiration? sunlight?
14. Plant respiration is slower than animal 26. What is the main function of lymph nodes?
respiration. Suggest one reason for it.
27. Name any two excretory organs in human.
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15. What are the two end products of anaerobic

28. Where is urine carried through the ureters?
respiration?

B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. Give one reason why multicellular organisms 5. What is the mode of nutrition in human beings?
require special organs for exchange of gases [2009]
between their body and their environment? 6. A young green plant receives sunlight from one
[2010 (T-I)] direction only. What will happen to its shoots
2. What is ‘translocation’ in plants? [2010 (T-I)] and roots? [2009]
3. Where does digestion of fat take place in our 7. What will happen to a plant if its xylem is
body? [2009] removed? [2009]
4. Why are green plants called ‘producers’? 8. How do autotrophs obtain CO2 and N2 to make
[2009] their food? [2008]
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 9. Which pancreatic enzyme is effective in 21. Name the organelle in which photosynthesis
digesting proteins? [2008] occurs. [2006]
10. Which enzyme present in saliva breaks down 22. What is breathing? [2006]
starch? [2008] 23. Name the type of blood vessels which carry
11. Name the two ways in which glucose is oxidised blood from organs to the heart. [2006]
to provide energy in various organisms. [2008] 24. Name the mode of nutrition in amoeba. [2005]
12. What process in plants is called transpiration? 25. Write the mode of nutrition in fungi. [2005]
[2008] 26. Name the pigment present in plants which can
13. Name the tissue which transports soluble absorb solar energy. [2005]
products of photosynthesis in a plant. [2008] 27. Name the respiratory organs of animals like fish
that live in water. [2005]
14. Name the tissue which transports water and
mineral in a plant. [2008] 28. Name two kinds of cells (elements) of xylem.
[2005]
15. State the term for transport of food from leaves
29. Name the largest artery in the human body.
to other parts of the plant. [2007]
[2005]
16. What is meant by ‘translocation’ with respect to 30. What makes the red blood corpuscles (cells)
transport in plants? [2007] red? [2005]
17. Why is nutrition necessary for an organism? 31. A farmer floods his field every day thinking
[2007] that watering in this manner will result a better
18. Name the two stages in photosynthesis. [2007] yield of his wheat crop. What will be the result
of this action of the farmer? [2004]
19. Name the respiratory organs of: (i) Mosquito,
(ii) Earthworm, (iii) Fish. [2007] 32. Name the excretory unit of a kidney. [2004]
33. Which organelle in a cell is associated with the
20. Name the term for transport of food from leaves
production of energy by aerobic respiration?
to other parts of plants. [2007]
[2001]

II. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS–I (2 Marks)

A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. What is the exact function of chlorophyll? 11. How is the absorptive surface of the small
2. Autotrophs synthesise food for the entire living intestine enhanced?
world. Justify this statement in one sentence only 12. Nutrition is the intake of nutrients. Which two
inter-connecting autotrophs and heterotrophs. properties should a substance have in order to
3. Write down the balanced photosynthetic be called a nutrient?
equation. 13. Are saprophytes a kind of parasites? If no, why?
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4. In case of water deficiency, why is the rate of 14. Name any four parasites.
photosynthesis lowered?
15. What is the role of (a) tongue and (b) teeth, in
5. Mention two functions of the large intestine. digestion?
6. Give the role of guard cells in stomata.
16. Name the first digestive organ that is associated
7. What are the raw materials used in with the break down of proteins in humans. What
photosynthesis by the plants other than CO2 and are its releases?
sunlight.
17. How do roots respire?
8. What is holozoic nutrition? Give an example.
18. What is diffusion?
9. How many pairs of salivary glands are there in
humans? Where do they open? 19. Mention two characteristics that are possessed
10. Which enzyme initiates the digestion of proteins? by almost all the respiratory organs.
Name the other enzyme produced by the same 20. Do active tissues have rapid respiration? Explain
gland? why.
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21. Define transpiration. 25. Mention the role of the valves in maintaining
blood flow in the heart.
22. Why is transpiration considered a necessity for
better ascent of sap? 26. What is the purpose of making urine in our
body?
23. Name the unit of phloem. How is it different 27. When does an artificial kidney be used?
from xylem? Name a substance that is 28. Which is the major nitrogenous waste product
synthesised at the shoot and the root tip and in a human being? How is it removed from the
therefore, needs to be translocated. body?
24. How is lymph formed? 29. What is dialysis?

B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. How do guard cells regulate opening and closing 15. What are the common features of the respiratory
of stomatal pores? [2010 (T-I)] organs in aquatic and terrestrial animals?
2. Why and how does water enter continuously [2010 (T-I)]
into the root xylem? [2010 (T-I)] 16. Explain the significance of peristaltic movement
3. Mention the components of the transport system that occur all along the gut during digestion.
in highly organized plants. State the functions [2010 (T-I)]
of these components. [2010 (T-I)] 17. Explain parasitic mode of nutrition with two
4. What is the function of the trachea? Why do its examples. [2010 (T-I)]
walls not collapse even when there is less air in
18. What do the following transport:
it? [2010 (T-I)]
(i) xylem (ii) pulmonary artery
5. Name any two digestive enzymes secreted in (iii) pulmonary vein (iv) phloem
the human digestive system and write their [2010 (T-I)]
functions. [2010 (T-I)]
19. How are water and minerals absorbed by the
6. Stomata of desert plants remain closed during plant? [2010 (T-I)]
day time. How do they take up carbon dioxide
and perform photosynthesis? [2010 (T-I)] 20. How is the process of transpiration useful to
plant? [2010 (T-I)]
7. (a) What will happen to the guard cells and
stomatal pore when water flows to guard 21. Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated
cells? with vaseline. Will this plant remain healthy for
(b) How do plants transmit informations from long? Give reasons for your answer.
cell to cell? [2010 (T-I)] [2010 (T-I)]
8. Which is the internal energy reserve in plants? 22. Major amount of water is selectively reabsorbed
Do the animals have the same energy reserve? by the tubular part of nephron. On what factor
[2010 (T-I)] does the amount of water reabsorbed depend
9. Two green plants are kept separately in oxygen on? [2010 (T-I)]
free containers, one in the dark and the other in 23. Which is the largest digestive gland present in
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continuous light. Which one will live longer? human body? What are the names and function
Give reasons. [2010 (T-I)] of its secretion? [2010 (T-I)]
10. “All plants give out oxygen during day and 24. Write one function each of the following
carbon dioxide during night”. Do you agree with components of the transport system in a human
this statement? Give reason. [2010 (T-I)] being. [2008]
11. Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba. (a) Blood vessels (b) Blood platelets
[2010 (T-I)] (c) Lymph (d) Heart
12. How are the alveoli designed to maximize the 25. (a) Name two different ways in which glucose
exchange of gases? [2010 (T-I)] oxidised to provide energy in various
13. How are the fats digested in our bodies where organisms.
does this process take place? [2010 (T-I)] (b) Write any two differences between the two
14. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of ways of oxidation of glucose in organisms.
food. [2010 (T-I)] [2008]

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26. State two vital functions of the human kidney. 29. Write any two points of differences between
Name the procedure used in the working of respiration in plants and respiration in animals.
artificial kidney. [2007] [2004]
27. Point out differences between an artery and a 30. Amylase is secreted by two different glands.
vein. [2007] Name them. What is the action of amylase on
28. Describe the mechanism of blood clotting. food? [2002]
[2007] 31. What is the role of HCl in protein digestion?
[2001]

III. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS–II (3 Marks)

A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

1. How do the plants obtain carbon dioxide? 12. Give three reasons to justify that energy is
2. Briefly explain the role of water in controlling required during sleep.
the photosynthetic rate. 13. What are the internal factors of photosynthesis?
3. What is the exact role of light in photosynthesis? How do they affect photosynthesis?
14. What are the end products of photosynthesis?
4. Where does digestion begin in humans? Which
What are the uses of these end products?
enzyme works there? What is the digestive juice?
What is the end product? What is the substrate? 15. Describe the structure of the human heart very
Where is the digestive juice produced? briefly.
5. What are the events occur during the process of 16. Write the functions of blood vessels.
photosynthesis? 17. What is the need of special tissues or organs for
transportation of substances in plants and
6. How do the following organisms get their food:
animals?
(a) Amoeba (b) Paramecium
(c) Human being 18. Describe transport of the following materials in
plants:
7. What are villi? Where are they present? What is
their function? (i) water, (ii) minerals, (iii) food
8. Explain the process by which inhalation occurs 19. What is blood? Describe its composition.
during breathing in human beings. 20. (i) Name the blood vessel that brings
oxygenated blood to the human heart.
9. Enumerate the three basic properties associated
with a surface functioning as a respiratory (ii) Which chamber of human heart receives
surface. oxygenated blood?
10. Write the chemical equations for aerobic (iii) Explain how oxygenated blood from this
respiration and anaerobic respiration. chamber is sent to all parts of the body.
11. Where exactly does the oxidation of glucose 21. Briefly describe the mechanism of urine
take place? In which form is energy released? formation.
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Name one organ in humans where anaerobic 22. How does excretion take place in a plant?
respiration takes place. Which kind of respiration 23. List various functions of food.
is shown by red muscles?

B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. Explain the process of break down of glucose respiratory system (i) Nasal cavity, (ii)
in a cell (i) in the presence of oxygen (ii) in the Diaphragm, (iii) Alveoli [2008]
absence of oxygen. [2010 (T-I)] 4. How does blood circulate between lungs and
2. What are the final products produced after heart in human beings? Give two functions of
digestion of carbohydrate, protein and fats. lymph. [2008]
[2010 (T-I)] 5. What is lymph? Write its important functions.
3. State the role of the following in the human [2008]

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 6. What are stomata? Draw a labelled diagram of 13. Explain the role of the following in the process
stomata. Write two functions of stomata. [2008] of digestion in the human body (i) Saliva
7. (a) Name the process by which autotrophs (ii) Gastric Juices (iii) Trypsin [2006]
prepare their own food. 14. How do each of the following factors affect the
(b) List the three events which occur during productivity in the process of photosynthesis?
this process. (a) Temperature (b) Water
(c) State two sources from which plants obtain (c) Carbon dioxide [2005]
nitrogen for the synthesis of proteins and
other compounds. [2008]
15. How do plants obtain their food? What are the
two phases of photosynthesis? Draw a labelled
8. (a) State two differences between autotrophic diagram of Calvin-Benson cycle. [2005]
nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
16. What happens to glucose which enters nephron
(b) Give one example each of these nutritions.
along with filtrate during excretion in human
[2008]
beings? State two vital functions of kidney.
9. Why is blood clotting useful? In a flow chart [2005]
illustrate the four major events involved in blood
clotting. [2007] 17. (a) Describe the mechanism of breathing in
human beings.
10. Give reason for the following: (i) Glottis is
covered by epiglottis, (ii) Lung alveoli are (b) (i) Under normal conditions, what is the
covered with blood capillaries, (iii) The wall of rate of breathing per minute?
trachea is supported by cartilage rings. [2007] (ii) Why does the rate of breathing
11. Write the functions of the following in the increase by 20-25 times during
digestive process: vigorous exercise? [2005]
(i) Bile
18. What is the function of epiglottis in man? Draw
(ii) Bicarbonate secreted by the duodenal wall
(iii) Pancreatic amylase. [2006] a labelled diagram showing the human
respiratory system? [2004]
12. Draw a diagram of human alimentary canal
showing duodenum, small intestine, liver and 19. Explain the process by which inhalation occurs
pancreas. [2006] during breathing in human beings. [2004]

IV. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 Marks)

A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Give a detailed summary of the types of nutrition 5. Enumerate all the events of digestion in the
seen in the living world, describing each type. human stomach and small intestine.
2. What are the two basic raw materials for 6. (a) Draw a diagram of a ‘palisade cell’.
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photosynthesis other than light? How are they (b) Label—vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall and
taken up by the plants? cytoplasm on the diagram drawn.
3. Give a brief of the process of photosynthesis. (c) Name the two stages of photosynthesis.
4. Enumerate all the activities related to digestion 7. Complete the undermentioned table:
in the mouth and oesophagus in human.
S. No. Name of the Enzyme present Action of the enzyme
digestive organ in the digestive juice
1. Mouth
2. Pepsin
3. Converts proteins to amino acids
4. Emulsifies fat
5. Trypsin

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 8. What is the significance of photosynthesis? (c) What happens to the carbon dioxide which
9. Make a comparison between photosynthesis and collects in human tissues?
respiration. 13. Write a note on lymphatic system in human
10. Explain the process of gaseous exchange in beings stating two major functions of lymph.
human beings. 14. State differences between artery, vein and
11. Write in details about the processes involved in capillary.
respiration in human being. 15. Give stepwise details of the working of human
12. (a) Draw the respiratory system of human kidneys leading to the formation of urine.
beings. 16. How does excretion take place in a plant?
(b) Label the following on the diagram drawn: 17. How does an artificial kidney or dialysis machine
Larynx, Trachea, Primary Bronchus, Lungs. work?

B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. List three events that occur during the process 6. (a) Draw a diagram of human alimentary canal
of photosynthesis. State in brief the role of and label on it:
stomata in this process. (i) gall bladder (ii) liver
Describe an experiment to show that sunlight is (iii) pancreas (iv) small intestine
essential for photosynthesis. [2010 (T-I)] (b) What is emulsification of fats? Why is it
2. (a) Why is nutrition a necessity for an necessary? [2010 (T-I)]
organism? State three reasons. 7. (a) Draw a sectional view of the human heart
(b) What is likely to happen if green plants and label :
disappear from earth? (i) pulmonary artery (ii) aorta
(c) “All plants give out oxygen during day and (iii) septum (iv) ventricles
carbon dioxide during night”. Justify this (b) Arteries have thick elastic walls while veins
statement. [2010 (T-I)] have valves, explain. [2010 (T-I)]
8. (a) Draw the human excretory system and label:
3. (a) Draw a neat diagram of alimentary canal
(i) left kidney (ii) urethra
and label the following parts.
(iii) urinary bladder (iv) vena cava
(i) the largest gland. (b) What is the main toxic waste that a kidney
(ii) the gland that secretes digestive filters from the blood?
enzymes as well as hormones. (c) Name any two substances which are
(iii) the part where digested food is selectively reabsorbed from the tubules of a
absorbed. nephron. [2010 (T-I)]
(b) What are Villi? Mention their functions. 9. (a) Draw a neat labelled diagram of human
[2010 (T-I)] alimentary canal. Label the following.
4. (a) Draw the cross section of the leaf and label (i) Buccal cavity (ii) Liver
the following parts. (iii) Pancreas (iv) Stomach
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(i) upper epidermis (ii) chloroplast (v) Gall bladder (vi) Large intestine
(b) Define photosynthesis. (b) On which type of food does salivary amylase
act at buccal cavity and write the name of
(c) List three events which occur during this
the initial product due to the action of
process.
amylase. [2010 (T-I)]
(d) Write down the chemical equation involved
in photosynthesis. 10. (a) Draw a neat labelled diagram of human
respiratory system and label the following
(e) How is unused energy stored in plants?
parts.
[2010 (T-I)]
(i) Bronchiolus (ii) Rings of cartilage
5. (a) Draw the human excretory system and label: (iii) Pharynx (iv) Trachea
(i) kidney (ii) aorta (v) Larynx (vi) Diaphragm
(iii) ureter (iv) urinary bladder
(b) What are the factors needed for maintaining
(b) What is the purpose of sending blood to the the direction of diffusion in plants?
kidneys for filtration? [2010 (T-I)] [2010 (T-I)]
11. (a) Draw the diagram of human respiratory 20. (a) What are the events occurring during
system and label the following parts. photosynthesis?
(i) Pharynx (ii) Trachea (b) Name the respiratory pigment present in our
(iii) Diaphragm (iv) Rings of cartilage body? Where is it present?
(b) How are lungs designed in human beings
(c) Why are valves present in heart and veins?
to maximise the area for exchange of gases?
[2010 (T-I)]
[2010 (T-I)]
12. (a) Draw the sectional view of the human heart 21. (a) What are the events occurring during
and label the following parts : photosynthesis?
(i) Left atrium (ii) Pulmonary arteries (b) What is the term used for transport of food
(iii) Right ventricle (iv) Aorta from leaves to other parts of plants?
(b) Why are the valves needed in the heart? (c) What is the main product formed during
(c) Leakage of blood from vessels reduces the anaerobic respiration in our muscles?
[2010 (T-I)]
efficiency of pumping system. How is the
leakage prevented? [2010 (T-I)] 22. (a) Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba
13. What is the advantage of having four chambered with suitable diagram.
heart? Support your answer with a diagram of (b) What are capillaries? What is their function?
the section of a human heart. [2010 (T-I)] [2010 (T-I)]
14. Draw the diagram of alimentary canal of man 23. (a) Draw the diagram of human heart and label
and label the following parts : Mouth, the following:
Oeophagus, Stomach, Intestine. Where do (i) part which receives deoxygenated
carbohydrates, proteins and fats get digested in blood from vena cava.
human beings? [2010 (T-I)]
(ii) part which send deoxygenated blood
15. Draw a neat diagram of internal structure of to lung through pulmonary artery.
human heart and label the parts which do the
(iii) part which receives oxygenated blood
following functions :
from lungs.
(a) chamber where oxygenated blood from
lungs is collected. (iv) part which sends oxygenated blood to
(b) largest blood vessel in our body. all parts of the body through aorta.
(c) muscular wall separating right and left (b) What does the blood consist?
chambers.
(c) Write two functions of blood. [2010 (T-I)]
(d) blood vessel that carry blood from heart to
the lungs. [2010 (T-I)] 24. (a) Draw diagram to show the nutrition in
Amoeba and label the part used for this
16. How do the guard cells regulate opening and purpose. Mention any other purpose done
closing of stomatal pores? Explain with the help by this part other than nutrition.
of diagram. Also, indicate what happens to the
rate of photosynthesis if stomata get blocked (b) Name the glands associated with digestion
due to dust. [2010 (T-I)] of starch in human digestive tract and
mention their role.
17. (a) Draw a diagram showing human respiratory
system and label on it the following. (c) How is required pH maintained in the
stomach and small intestine? [2010 (T-I)]
Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi
25. (a) Draw a neat diagram of excretory system
(b) Why do walls of the trachea not collapse of human beings and label the following.
when there is less air in it? [2010 (T-I)]
(ii) Kidney (ii) Ureter
18. Describe an experiment to prove that CO2 is (iii) Urinary Bladder (iv) Urethra
necessary for photosynthesis. [2010 (T-I)]
(b) How is urine produced?
19. (a) Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba (c) Name two excretory products other than O2
with suitable diagram.
and CO2 in plants. [2010 (T-I)]
(b) During one cycle how many times blood
26. (a) Draw diagram of human alimentary canal
goes to heart of fish and why? [2010 (T-I)]
and label the following.
 (i) Part in which starch digestion starts. plants? Where in plants are the following
(ii) Part in which bile is stored. synthesised:
(iii) Part in which nutrients are absorbed. (i) Sugar (ii) Hormone [2009]
(iv) Part in which water is absorbed. 34. (a) Draw a sectional view of the human heart
(b) Mention the role of hydrochloric acid in and label on it aorta, pulmonary arteries,
the stomach. vena cava, left ventricle.
(c) What function is served by the following. (b) Why is double circulation of blood
(i) Gastric sphincter necessary in human beings? [2009]
(ii) Anal sphincter [2010 (T-I)] 35. (a) Draw a schematic representation of transport
27. (a) Draw diagram of respiratory system and and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
label the following. during transportation of blood in human
(i) Part through which air is taken in. beings and label on it.
(ii) Part which protects the lungs. (b) What is the advantage of separate channels

N
(iii) Part which carry the air into the lungs. in mammals and birds for oxygenated and
(b) What are alveoli? Mention their role in deoxygenated blood? [2009]
respiration. 36. (a) Draw a diagram of excretory system in
(c) Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic human beings and label on it:
respiration. [2010 (T-I)] aorta, vena cava, urinary bladder, urethra
28. (a) Draw a schematic representation of (b) List two vital functions of the kidney.
movement of water in plants during [2009]
transpiration, and explain. 37. (a) Draw the structure of a nephron and label
(b) Explain transport of food and other the following on it.
substances in plants. Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Renal
(c) Diffusion will not be sufficient to provide artery, Collecting duct.
raw materials in leaves and energy in roots (b) What happens to glucose that enters the
in plants. Therefore a proper system of nephron along with filtrate? [2009]
transpiration is essential. Explain.
[2010 (T-I)] 38. (a) Draw a diagram depicting human alimenary
canal and label on it, gall bladder, liver and
29. (a) Draw a labelled diagram of stomata. Write pancreas.
two functions of stomata.
(b) State the roles of liver and pancreas.
(b) What are the raw materials used during (c) Name the organ which performs the
photosynthesis. Write chemical equation for following functions in humans.
photosynthesis. [2010 (T-I)]
(i) Absorption of digested food.
30. Draw a labelled diagram of human heart. Draw
a table to show the functions of any two (ii) Absorption of water. [2008]
chambers of human heart. [2010 (T-I)] 39. How is ‘respiration’ different from ‘breathing’?
Explain the process of ‘aerobic’ respiration and
31. Draw neat diagram of digestive system. Label
‘anaerobic’ respiration. [2008]
its all parts. How the main components of the
food are digested in the small intestine? Explain. 40. (a) Draw a diagram of human alimentary canal
[2010 (T-I)] and label on it:
32. Draw a neat diagram of excretory system in oesophagus, gall bladder, liver and pancreas.
humans and label the following. (b) Explain the statement, ‘Bile does not contain
(i) Kidney (ii) Left renal artery any enzyme but it is essential for digestion’.
(iii) Left renal vein (iv) Vena cava [2008]
(v) Urinary bladder (vi) Ureter [2010 (T-I)] 41. (a) Draw a sectional view of the humans heart
33. (a) What is meant by breathing? What happens and label on it aorta, right ventricle and
to the rate of breathing during vigorous pulmonary veins.
exercise and why? (b) State the functions of the following
(b) Define translocation with respect to components of transport system.
transport in plants. Why is it essential for (i) Blood (ii) Lymph [2008]

1
 42. (a) Draw a diagram of human alimentary canal. (ii) Which chamber of human heart receives
(b) Label Oesophagus, Liver, Pancreas and Gall deoxygenated blood?
bladder on the diagram drawn. (iii) Describe how deoxygenated blood from this
(c) What is the function of the enzyme ‘pepsin’ chamber is sent to lungs for oxygenation.
in the digestion process? [2007] [2004]

43. (a) Draw a diagram of the human urinary 47. (i) State two structural differences between an
system and label in it: artery and a vein.
(i) kidney (ii) ureter (ii) Name a non-nucleated cell present in human
blood and state one function of this cell.
(iii) urinary bladder (iv) urethra
(iii) Draw a labelled diagram of human heart.
(b) Name the two major components of normal [2004]
human urine. [2006]
48. (i) Why is circulation of blood in man known
44. Define the terms ‘nutrition’ and ‘nutrients’. List as double circulation?
two differences between ‘Holozoic nutrition’ and
‘Saprophytic nutrition’. Give two examples of (ii) Which blood cell in human blood carries
each of these two types of nutrition. [2005] haemoglobin? What is its average life span?
(iii) Draw a labelled diagram of human heart.

A
45. Explain the process of ‘photosynthesis’ in plants.
List four facts which influence this process and [2004]
describe how each of them affects the rate of 49. Name the main organs of human digestive
photosynthesis process. [2005] system in the order in which they are involved
46. (i) Name the blood vessel that brings in digestion of food. In what steps and how
deoxygenated blood to the human heart. does digestion of carbohydrates and proteins take
place in our body? [2003]

A. Activities z Mount the leaf-peel on a slide in a drop of water

and cover it with a cover slip avoiding the air
1. Objective :
bubbles. Remove the excess water with the help
To prepare temporary mount of leaf peel to observe of blotting paper.
stomata and to differentiate between dicot and
monocot stomata. z Observe the peel under low power of
microscope. Carefully count the number of
Materials Required :
stomata and epidermal cells in the focussing area
A fresh leaf of Petunia (Dicot plant) and lily or grass
of peel.
(Monocot plant), compound microscope, slide, cover
slip, needle, brush, blotting paper, razor, etc. z Observe the shape of guard cells and number of
chloroplasts in each guard cell.
Procedure:
z Take a freshly plucked Petunia leaf. Remove a z Draw the diagram of a stoma and label its parts.
peel from the lower surface by folding and z Repeat this process with the leaf peel of lily or
tearing the leaf. grass (monocot) and record the observations.
Observations:
S.No. Observation Dicot Leaf Monocot
1. Number of stomata in the microscopic field. ....... .......
2. Number of epidermal cells in the microscopic field. ....... .......
3. Shape of guard cells (bean seed shaped or dumbell shaped). ....... .......
4. Number of chloroplasts in each guard cell. ....... .......

11
 Result : On the basis of observations draw the 10 ml of distilled water to it.
conclusion and compare the z Take 2 ml of 1% starch solution in each of two
characteristics of dicot and monocot test tubes. Keep them in the test-tube stand after
stomata. labelling as A and B.
2.Objective : z Add 1 ml diluted saliva to test tube B only. Shake
To study the action of salivary amylase on starch it thoroughly. Do not add anything to test-tube A.
solution. z After 5 minutes, take a few drops of solution A
Materials Required : on a glazed tile and add two drops of 1% iodine
solution. Observe the colour of the mixture and
1% starch solution, 1% iodine solution, saliva,
record your observation.
distilled water, three test tubes, test-tube stand, a
measuring cylinder, dropper, a glazed tile, etc. z At the another end of glazed tile, place a few
drops of solution B. Add two drops of 1% iodine
Procedure : solution and observe the colour of this mixture.
z Rinse your mouth with fresh water. Collect some z Repeat the above two steps after five, ten, fifteen
saliva from the mouth cavity in a test tube. Add and twenty minutes.
Observations:
S.No. Solution Colour after adding Iodine Solution

5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min

1. Solution A ......... ......... ......... .........

2. Solution B ......... ......... .......... .........

Result : On the basis of observations

G

Materials Required:
conclude the result. A de-starched long leaved potted plant, two boiling
Precautions : tubes, split cork, KOH solution, alcohol, iodine
z Rinse your mouth with water before collecting solution, petroleum jelly, beakers, petridish, forceps,
saliva. dropper, laboratory stand with a clamp.
z If saliva is containing some particles of food, Procedure :
filter it through moistened cotton. z Fill one-fifth of the boiling tube with KOH
z Carefully place the drops of solution A and B on solution.
glazed tile so that they do not mix with each z Insert one half of an intact leaf of the de-
other. starched plant into the boiling tube with the help
3. Objective: of split cork.
To show that carbon dioxide is essential for z Fix the boiling tube to the stand with clamp.
photosynthesis. Make it airtight by applying petroleum jelly.
12
 z Keep this set-up in sunlight for 1-2 hours. z Insert a delivery tube through the single-bore
z Detach the experimental leaf and boil it in the cork fitted in the test tube. Clamp the test tube to
water to kill the cells. the laboratory stand.
z Now place this leaf into another boiling tube z Dip the other end of delivery tube in the freshly
containing alcohol. Heat it in a water-bath till prepared lime water in a beaker.
the leaf become colourless.
z Keep the set-up undisturbed in sunlight for one
z Wash the leaf in fresh water and keep it in a hour. Smell the sugar solution.
petridish.
z Observe and record the change in lime water.
z Add 2-3 drops of iodine solution to the leaf and
observe the change of colour in leaf. Observations :
The smell of sugar solution at the beginning was
Observations :
After iodine test, the colour of leaf portion that ....... and at the end of experiment was ..... . The
was inside the boiling tube remains whitish green gas bubbles pass through the lime water turned it
as it was not exposed to air and the colour of milky.
remaining leaf portion becomes blue-black.

KA
(a) A de-starched potted plant with part of a leaf in a
RA
boiling tube with KOH solution;
(b) An experimental leaf after treatment with iodine.
Result : The exposed portion of experimental
leaf becomes blue-black due to the presence of
starch while inside boiling tube the KOH
solution absorbed the CO 2 . Hence Result : On the basis of observations and
photosynthesis or formation of starch was change in the smell of sugar solution
avoided.
before and after the experiment
4. Objective : conclude the result.
To study the liberation of CO 2 gas during B. Quiz
fermentation. 1. The teacher can ask the students to name the
Materials Required : different part of a leaf showing in the section
Sugar solution, yeast powder, freshly prepared lime given below.
water, petroleum jelly, test tubes, a single-bore cork, a
delivery tube, beaker (250 ml) and a laboratory stand
with clamp.
Procedure :
z Take a test tube, fill it with sugar solution.
z Take some yeast powder in another test tube and
dissolve it by pouring water. Add 2 ml of the
solution into the sugar solution.
z Fix a cork in the mouth of test tube containing
sugar solution. Apply some petroleum jelly to
make it airtight.

13
 2. Unjumble the name of five steps involved in nutrition in animals.
(a) srpoabinot (b) geiitnnos (c) seditgion (d) stnoigee (e) ssmiilantiao
3. Identify the types of teeth found in human.
Picture Type of teeth
(A) ___________________

(B) ___________________

(C) ___________________

(D) ___________________

C. Puzzles Across
1. Search six different parts of our respiratory 1. The excretion of CO 2 and water vapours
system from the given chart by going upward, produced during respiration occurs through.
downward or diagonally.
2. A narrow tube runs from the inner side of each
kidney.
3. CO 2 produced during respiration in cells is
carried by it.
4. Excretion of urea, salts and excess water occurs
by means of sweat glands present in it.
Down
5. It is collected and stored in the urinary bladder.
6. It is the largest gland in the body and is a
detoxifying gland.
7. The excretory unit of kidney.

(a) .........................(b) ......................... D. Group activities

(c) .........................(d) .........................
Divide the students into groups of 7-8 students
(d) .........................(f) ......................... and ask each group to perform the following
activities.
2. Complete the given crossword puzzle by going
across and down. A. To observe the internal structure of small
intestine wall of human.
z Draw the structure by observing the slide
(permanent) under low power of
microscope.
z Observe the structure of a single villi and
conclude how it serves a large surface for
absorption.
B. To name the associate digestive glands and
digestive juices in the following table—

14
 Region of alimentary canal Digestive gland Digestive juice produced

(i) Mouth ............. .............

(ii) Stomach ............. .............
(iii) Duodenum ............. .............
(iv) Ileum ............. .............

C. Collect some pond water in a beaker and 2. Respiration in plants versus animals
prepare some temporary slides to observe the 3. Transpiration : A necessary evil
m o d e o f Amoeba.
n u t r i t i o n i n

G. Group Discussions
z Observe the slides under low power of
microscope and conclude how amoeba 1. Conducting tubes in plants
takes its food and which of the organ of 2. Role of platelets in human beings
amoeba helps in taking food.
3. Blood pressure in humans
E. Seminar 4. Nutrition in Amoeba
1. Topic — Use of kidney machine (Hints– H. Survey
Include the following topics in seminar)
Divide the students into groups of 8-10 students.
(i) The condition in which kidney machine Ask them to go in green areas or forests in
should be used different localities and observe the following:
(ii) The method of using the machine (i) The density or number of trees in each 100
square yard area.
(iii) How does the machine work?
(ii) The temperature of that area. Whether it is cool
(iv) Differences between our kidney and the or hot area in compare to outer areas.
kidney machine (iii) Whether the land around the trees is covered
2. Topic — Excretion of waste products in plants by grass or it is dry.
(iv) Check the leaves of trees and observe whether
F. Debate these are wet on lower side.
(v) Which factors are responsible for the cooling
1. If autotrophs are more important than or hot environment of this particular area?
heterotrophs. Conclude.