10/25/2014 NACA 4 digit airfoil generator (NACA 2412 AIRFOIL)

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NACA 4 digit airfoil generator (NACA 2412 AIRFOIL)

Max Camber (%) First digit. 0 to 9.5%

2
Dat file
Max camber position (%) Second digit. 0 to 90%
40
NACA 2412 Airfoil M=2.0% P=40.0% T=12.0%
Thickness (%) Third & fourth digit. 1 to 40% 1.000000 0.001260
12
0.998459 0.001579
Number of points 20 to 200 0.993844 0.002529
81 0.986185 0.004092
Cosine spacing Cosine or linear spacing 0.975528 0.006241
0.961940 0.008935
Close Trailing edge Open or closed TE 0.945503 0.012126
0.926320 0.015759
Plot 0.904508 0.019774
0.880203 0.024103
0.853553 0.028679
Send to airfoil plotter Add to comparison Add to My airfoils
0.824724 0.033430
0.793893 0.038286
0.761249 0.043173
0.726995 0.048022
NACA 4 digit airfoils in the database 0.691342 0.052761
0.654508 0.057319
NACA 0006 NACA 0008 0.616723 0.061627
NACA 0009 NACA 0010 0.578217 0.065618
0.539230 0.069226
NACA 0012 NACA 0015
0.500000 0.072385
NACA 0018 NACA 0021 0.460770 0.075035
NACA 0024 NACA 1408 0.421783 0.077122
NACA 1410 NACA 1412 0.383277 0.078574
NACA 2408 NACA 2410 0.345492 0.079203
NACA 2411 NACA 2412 0.308658 0.078957
NACA 2414 NACA 2415 0.273005 0.077832
0.238751 0.075842
NACA 2418 NACA 2421 0.206107 0.073015
NACA 2424 NACA 4412 0.175276 0.069397
NACA 4415 NACA 4418 0.146447 0.065047
NACA 4421 NACA 4424 0.119797 0.060040
NACA 6409 NACA 6412 0.095492 0.054458
0.073680 0.048395
0.054497 0.041945
0.038060 0.035205
0.024472 0.028266
0.013815 0.021212
NACA 4 digit airfoil specification 0.006156 0.014114
0.001541 0.007031
0.000000 0.000000
This NACA airfoil series is controlled by 4 digits e.g. NACA 2412, which designate the camber, position of the maximum camber0.001541and thickness.
-0.006723If an airfoil number is
NACA MPXX 0.006156 -0.012893
0.013815 -0.018496
e.g. 0.024472 -0.023521
NACA 2412 0.038060 -0.027955
then: 0.054497 -0.031788
0.073680 -0.035016
0.095492 -0.037640
M is the maximum camber divided by 100. In the example M=2 so the camber is 0.02 or 2% of the chord
0.119797 -0.039668
P is the position of the maximum camber divided by 10. In the example P=4 so the maximum camber is at 0.4 or 40% of0.146447 the chord.
-0.041119
XX is the thickness divided by 100. In the example XX=12 so the thiickness is 0.12 or 12% of the chord. 0.175276 -0.042022
0.206107 -0.042413
0.238751 -0.042342
NACA 4 digit airfoil calculation 0.273005 -0.041864
0.308658 -0.041043
The NACA airfoil section is created from a camber line and a thickness distribution plotted perpendicular to the camber line. 0.345492 -0.039946
0.383277 -0.038644
0.421783 -0.037174
The equation for the camber line is split into sections either side of the point of maximum camber position (P). In order to calculate the position of the final airfoil envelope
0.460770 -0.035446
later the gradient of the camber line is also required. The equations are: 0.500000 -0.033496
0.539230 -0.031379
0.578217 -0.029148
0.616723 -0.026846
0.654508 -0.024516
0.691342 -0.022192
0.726995 -0.019903
0.761249 -0.017674
0.793893 -0.015525
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10/25/2014 NACA 4 digit airfoil generator (NACA 2412 AIRFOIL)

The thickness distribution is given by the equation:

The constants a0 to a4 are for a 20% thick airfoil. The expression T/0.2 adjusts the constants to the required thickness.
At the trailing edge (x=1) there is a finite thickness of 0.0021 chord width for a 20% airfoil. If a closed trailing edge is required the value of a4 can be adjusted.
The value of yt is a half thickness and needs to be applied both sides of the camber line.

Using the equations above, for a given value of x it is possible to calculate the camber line position Yc, the gradient of the camber line and the thickness. The position of the
upper and lower surface can then be calculated perpendicular to the camber line.

The most obvious way to to plot the airfoil is to iterate through equally spaced values of x calclating the upper and lower surface coordinates. While this works, the points are
more widely spaced around the leading edge where the curvature is greatest and flat sections can be seen on the plots. To group the points at the ends of the airfoil
sections a cosine spacing is used with uniform increments of β

References
Geometry for Aerodynamicists
Computer Program To Obtain Ordinates for NACA Airfoils
The NACA Airfoil Series

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