Thsee Phase Ciscutts — A devee phate efecinc ~tystero may he Consicluud 4s —S Single phahe Sychems phase dieplaced fom each other by 120° oy 28 gq dtend 3 Big- Graphical Sepraentation of 3-) System Reasons for #4 we ef 3-phase System — ox = Pdvanteges of B-P. system — Oo Copstont Powes — Gna I-p cKr, te instantrneous Prves vanced Siovsosclably fiom rem Aa peok value» The pelsehng vatuu f powoes 16 Objechonable for mang applicahons - However, in a belancect 8- system, the power Supplied ot all instants sf time ke Constant. ® Gveater output - : Ta op of 8 3G mie Ie grealir than that of a ro me fir a gyon volume ond wt fa m/c. A 3g mic Smally then a pop mie of thr Came ® ee ie a-g mors are much small and less expensve than ip motor ber (es matertl (copper, from, rantacby ) ic required Aigo, ap mony is self cierbog Mrohersas 1p motor i - deul3.® Power tsansmission eceonomics— Fronsmiccion of electre, power ly a-p Sytem ts Cheap. tkan that of J-p system + © teee -phase vechfer sesvic - RechPeel S-cp Voltnge ig smother Han vechfeel single, phase voltage 0, J€ is easier to fitter out the sipple component of a-g voltage tan axcat op aig voltage - © Power Supply > Domeise power and indsatnat /cormmeceil powes Gan be provicled from =h1 came founte Qnterconneckon af Thea - phase > Stor, o¢ Wye Connected System J # ® pettr ow Mesh comected Lyster- Phase. and Unt Concept > Phate voltae s Tu voltage bet? any mo Lins ancl Gt neutral point ls cobleol Phase vourage- Erw Ew, Eau 2 Veq- Line volrege > TM vollnge belt ang hoo Uner tc Cold Line yournge . Vas Ya, Vow = Ye1 Volsege and Ciment in Balanced Y- Connected Supply Garem—, A boloncad sd Supply system (Y orclute) iS OnE in Lohich’ te tkveo plese voltage one equal in magrilils and fregpeney but displaced 120° fom each other: The ams te true ith vegond 20 dans voltn ge» A balanced 3-$ system chowd have eqpral achive power and equal weactive Psver fimo in each phose - Rolahon between Lin Voltage and preoe voltae? prose voltage > R Een » Gyn, Esw > Vor R Line votrage 3 Vey Vey. Yyw, Yon = VE Vee Y PD. bea? Une Rand Y 8 1 ‘8 Y B — Vay ~ Ey t+ Ean 20 Fg Ciscuat ding” > Vay = Epw 7 Ew pb. bel? Une ¥ and bo =s= = Ey - Ew Va 7 Bw 7 eg? Line Band RO pp. be Va ~ Eau ~ Fem Ths two phosors Een and (c) Eyes equol fn! maaget lide Epn ov Vph and au 60° apart fige phator Diageem Diagonal of Ponallelogram of bean ae May > J (Emmy? + (610) + (Ean) (61m) C0860" on 2 [Gn tGk + 2K Casco? = aarrces - fee ee eee Wiel aldby Phasos Alqebna. = is Gph: Let Maguihads of cack Phase. voltage Epw 2 Ey Lot = Ex Unie) Eyo> Ep, Lebat = Ey (os -j-B66) Faw = Eps [-2a0? =» Eps (-0.c4j 0-866) May = Baw — Ere = Ep (1t)0) — Ep (0-5 =jo866) DeEp, (15 1 see) = Ep, XS Use VL = B ep L3d [vey] = 58> Eras Vee 8 Yeh The Une voltage ane 30° ahead af their vebpectve Pphace volrayes: curc| Phase Cusrent— Relaken between Line Curosent ch eneluctos i Connected fn GnY connected Supply system, ea series Ao 0. separati: Prose» Therefore, Curent ind Line Conductos ab nth phaie te which the ine Conduto¥ is thr Aame GA 4K is connected: Ig 2 yz Ta = Ten: os, Ten4 ey TR: angie behoeen tho Live Cussent, and the corsespondg Lone (arp) > OF Pf Je Leggig: > (s0'-p) > Hf Pfs ts Leaded Op is th ange bet? phae voltage and the cowresponclig Pheoe. cr amsad cof theory Cussent Une voiage i538 werperive. frase voltage * Tp gs Vey bY Hers Cue ert (20+) Perser — Total Paver = Pz 3x Power in each Phare - EBX Vpn XTpn- cosh “Bsa sh Comecbon, Viz Up, ond Ime Te D Vpn> oe. T,- cosh 40. Pa Be Ss 2 UY Cosp- Reachve Power, O = JB VET, sinP- VT Apparuns Pore Se or, so [pre Be Posey fans, Conpi= =a"Neutral Curent in ap balaned ¥ connected NW? InzIpt Tytte =tlot+ Te [po +1, = TL (sje) + Fe (cos jo: 866) +5L(-08 Jo ete ) ~240° 20: Therefore, fur trlanted Load , Curvent In 4h neuted whe Us wow and no neukel Conductor is regpelved , weed Beg fn cauleg B-un've Stax Connected of Concdictos matinial - for lis wader, we We Bf> System fo tolaned Loacls- ches balan cel (Oe oe ee oy (1-t) Stem supplied a Y connected, Loacl Having impeolances of fo {r30%, in eack phase: Pind Uns, Garvent and cliew the phasor cliagsam - Hoo muck lawent flor" theough te neu tal Solukon— —Vgyy 7 100LE pede Van ‘hs 8 s00 LE 10 (30 2 10/30 Ay pifer Tye WY ag ee y= MW. 10/26" 2 mae 10)-30° = 10/-398_A n> ww, ee Ze 10( 30" = IJise?_ A>0, te, Line Currents ars Tp 2 10-30 A Ty = lo [-3e° a T_z 10 [to ** Veuteel Cussent Tye — (Pet Fy +78) - (0/3 Jo/-90" +io/iso ) 2 “10 posite? tJisin 80° + tos 90° sysinge® + Cos 190° FJ siniso') ey of oscetse +o “jr Orbs ayo] =0° yt L Phasor Diagiam -Measusmant of Pros and Procr Factor Of a Belanceol Tree Phase toad > (Legging, pf.) Fower is measured hy the ctevie Watlmeter. A Wattmeter isuall Comtist of tuo cals Co’ > Grveent Col ole, IK ed Connected Sn series with doad Cresent anel Q voltage / Potential ewt "Pc! tamalty Connected across thr Lowel Civcuit. A three phase Inlancee| vOlinga is applied on a balanced three phate. Lonel when thi, Cussent In each of ke Phases ty an angle p behind tht Co reespon Ling Phase vo ttorges Fig Tio wedlrmneter Connecton be meagre poled In diver prose balanied Load Hors, Current hag cuvsent coh of W,> Ip “ _f. fad, Polenral differen across voltage Cok of wy, = Vay = Vaw -Yyw ' of Ws = Vey = Ven = Morect OY n Yen ie qupechve phar voLbege U Phase dtffewne behoen Te and Vey ic (86+ 9) amd * Le Ty and Vey is (20°28) Ths wea ding of weatimerer W, is given by S Wrz Vy- Te toslad+) 8 > Ainghe bee Tp ond Vey Simshay 5 w,2 Veyte (82 ?) Sinu Be Load Is tolanad , pal (ele el Mey] = [vay} = Vi cy) £0, é Se , Wz V,. T Cos (a0 ) Wy =z V,- F Cos (ad- 9) Thus th, total power P is given by + we Wy tho Se cos (30+) + VF cos (s0°-$) = = VW-T [eoslsot) -+ eas (30-9) } Yer [25397 106 frSinadGin g + 020° Cocp + singe sinp] Vin i ° : Fi L [2 ee cosp]. Mw 2.2L Ae Oe op ethfor Pfangte Go a VEE Cos(ao + ) Wew2 VE cos (0-0) E . 8 ging — Cass 2\yt [ss adap + Sinao sing Singo” Sin -] [2 sins Sin] Mr [xe Leing ] Syer oop Now, W-W, B& Vet Sino eae oo Ww, eM) 7 jaye: eh oc [Woh ~ tang tan? [9(-ie0 = 325) | for Laging Pf. Looe, lye ViTucos(aetp) anal Wee VET bos (20°~ $) Pf ongte- bohen P=0, PE is uni mm Pe0, PF is cnt i Yet tas300 =o ace vi Both tht meters Wil vead tve and equal rg i token P= 60°, PF i's fogging W,> VET, tas(a0+eo)= o (es(-0)= caso Wr = WIL bos (20-6!) = 0-866 Vat thence, WW, AU ead ZEW vending but Ny uw xeool(+ve) Racking .*W,2 VeTE tos (2h +905) S -O-SyTL 2 Ove reading Wr= VIL bes (20°-90°) TOSVeT, 2 (ape venting: He tht, W, weods Wve + To obtain a reading mW, Fs necessary Ao Imerchange tht Lends of ether tht Velinge cal ox Current coll: Ach P20 GQ. The Powes veadings af too vandllmeters a sis kwand 4 Kv fos a Loree phase Load - Sh supply vole ts balanced Aaov, fin the due Poses deewon bey, tt Lonel , the Poroer fector and Lint Cumvent: Here Woe 1S Wye 4 SoluBon— The Poser dvevon = Wythe = Is-4 = kW / ange 3 (oe neste ISA) /, \ teng= erent ow Sea sox 1 = 2-99 pe tars’ 2:99 = i522 Power = S38 Ve Te cosp Pe nkwe & ~440 % TL % COS ASD 3) >= V1 Xo” = 45:53 A. S3x 440 AlOSH SL? Pf ~ Los p= Cos W272 OBI ig.