7 } HUMAN BODY AND ORGAN ( z SYSTEM (Grade Me pg-no. 94 - 101) J *Q.1. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words given in the bracket: Ans. (1) haemoglobin (2) Diaphragm (3) involuntary (4) Alkaline (3) Red bone marrow “Q.2. Match the columns: Ans. (1) = (d) ; (2) - (e) ; (3) - (FY (4) - (a) 6) - (©); (6) - &) Q.3. Find the odd one out: Ans. (1) K (A,0,AB,B are four main groups of human blood.) (2) Blood transfusion (Blood plasma, platelets, blood corpuscles are components of the blood.)General Science ll 3) Capillaries (Capillaries of respiratory system, @ neutrophils. are . > parts “4 Part of circulatory system, others are Pat @ atria QA. State whether the followi : lowing state are Tr aoe hesitets ine 8 statements are True or False: Q.5. Name the following Ans.(1) Hematology (2) Cart | (4) Blood group AB was di (5) Haemoglobin (6) Willi Andsteiner (3) Sphygmomanometer covered by Decastello and Sturli in 1902. am Harvey Q.6. Define the following te, rms: Ans.(1) It is a process carried to compensate the blood shortage in body. This is termed as blood transfusion, 2) Exchange of gases between cells and tissue fluid is called as Internal Respiration. Q.7. Distinguish between: Ans. *(1) Arteries Veins (i) Arteries carry blood away [(i) Veins carry blood from the from heart to the tissues. tissues of the body back to heart. (ii) Arteries carry oxygenated | (ii) Veins carry de-oxygenated blood. blood. (iii) Arteries are usually (iii) Veins are usually positioned positioned deeper. closer beneath the surface of skin. (iv) These vessels do not have _ | (iv) These vessels have valves. valves. *Q) Internal Respiration External Respiration (i) It is a biochemical process. |(i) _ It is a physical process. (ii) Tinvolvesthe oxidation [(ii) It involves the gaseous of glucose breaking it into exchange between the cells CO, H.O and energy. and atmosphere. |[, { fii) It releases energy i y \c eleases energy in the (iii) It does not release 2°Y | formof ATP molecules. | _ energy. | |v) Ttoccurs inside the cell, (iv) takes place outside the | | |__ cells | \(v)_ It requires many enzymes. \ It does not require any j | oe QS. Give scientific reasons: ‘Ans. *(i) (i) Human blood have iron containing red coloured cells. (11) The cells appear red due to red coloured pigment called haemoglobin ( en binds to the iron molecules, giving it a bright red colour (iv) Hence, human blood is red coloured. +2) (i) The diaphragm is a muscular partition present at the base of the thoracic cage. (ii) It is present between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity: (iii) Rising of ribs and lowering of diaphragm causes the decrease in pressure on lungs. Due to this, air moves into the lungs through nose. When ribs return to their original position, diaphragm pressure on lungs increases. (iv) Due to this, air moves out fro: it, through nose. (v) Thus, upward and downward movement diaphragm is necessary to bring about the breathing. | *(3) (i) Blood donation without any expectation is always life sav (ii) Person who donates the blood may be recipient in future. ) Blood required in various situations like accidents, bleeding, transfusion surgical operation. (iv) Blood donated by a healthy person is used to ve the life of needful person. (v) Hence, blood donation is considered as the best donation. *(4) (i) Person who donates blood is a blood donor. (1 group ‘0’ can donate blood to the person having any other bloc ii) Hence, person of blood group ‘0’ is called as a universal don e NaCl controls the function of muscles and nerves. (i) ninerals like Na (Sodium) and K (Pota: um) are ii) Person with bloot (i) Sal the balance maintained, it gives rise to hyperte! nore function than the normal condition. (iii) Therefore, it! ve limited salts in diet. the heart to pertor iv Q.9. Answer the following in short:69 General Science a (2) a) @® ©) ©) Gi) Different cells combine to form tlasue (i) Many tissue together form a organ. (iv) And many organs form a organ aystem, like Respiratory system, ory system, Excretory Human body consist Of various organ syste Digestive em, Nervous system, Circe system, Reproductive system, etc, (Nearly al significant physiological processes occur during sound sleep. Gi) Breathing pattern May change during sleep ies are slowed down, (iii) Certain ph: 'siological activ and circulation occur continuously in our body. Respiratory proces vstem consists of nose, pharynx, wind wipe, lungs Human respiratory and diaphragm. (Food pipe and wind pipe originate in pharynx. (ii) Wind pipe is present in front of the food pipe. There isa lid at the beginning of wind pipe. (iii) This lid closes the wind pipe while eating. (iv) So if we talk while eating the food may enter the wind pipe and may cause choking and sometimes death, (¥) Therefore, it is recommended not to talk while eating. The process of pumping the blood towards various parts of the body and bringing it back towards the heart is called blood circulation, The major components of the blood circulatory system are heart and blood vessels - arteries, veins and capillaries, Veins have valves to ensure the blood flows in one direction and helps the blood to travel back to heart against gravity. Arteries have thick walls to withstand and absorb pressure which begins at heart, (i) Pressure waves generated by heart in systole move the arterial walls (ii) Forward movement of blood occur when the boundaries are compilant. (iii) The heart rate is greater or lesser depending on physiologic demand. (iv) Therefore, we feel pulse. Blood flows out when we have an injury. A+Q.10- Answer the following: Ans. strierts ay @ Various substances like water, hormones, CyB ube ry tl and waste materials from different organs are transport circulatory system. iweott and i ee * jon 168° Meperted (ii) The inhaled oxygen during respirat ha diffused into the blood. This diffused OXVRET is then ion to the cells in various parts of the body fn fs (iii) Carbon dioxide being ? waste product © diffused in the alveoli, which ts transpon and reaches trachea through bronehi. Fre! of the body through nose. em needs the org body cells. i coftular 1e5P7 ted into the bronchioles m there itis exhaled out of the digestive system ty nutrients like glucose, blood from the wall ans ¢ (iv) The circulatory syst transport nutrients to the fatty acids, amino acids of alimentary canal to each cell (v) Ammonia, urea, creatini released by the (vi) In this way, different body systems digestive and excretory systems are fun @) @ Blood isa red coloured fluid material. (ii) It is a fluid connective tissue. (iii) Oxygenated blood is red coloured, salty jn taste witha pH of 74. (iv) Itis mainly composed of twocom asma and blood cells. which are ied by blood. latory, respiratory, related. like circu ctionally co ponents - Pi Plasma: (i) Itisa pale yellow alkaline fluid that contains 9 proteins, and 1 - 2% inorganic salts. (ii) Albumin distributes water all over the body. (iii) Globulins are concerned with protection. : (iv) Fibrinogen and Prothrombin helps in blood clotting process. (v) ae ions - Ca, Na, K control the function of muscles and erves. 10 - 92% water, 6-8% Blood cells: (i) RBC Small, circular, enucleated, red due to haemoglobin, produced in bone marrow and their life is for 100-127 days. (ii) WBC: Large, nucleated and colourle Produced in red bone marrow and act as soldiers of our body. There are 3 typ : of WBC v. There are 5 types NS - basi s, eosinophi i cytes basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocyte ocvtes a mphocyte ie alllScience They protect us ¢ (dipPlatelets: Thoy ” MicFobial diseases eis Y are - arti exter a i : p cipate in blood clotting procs aul eatin () Blood is required j ~ transfusion, Sina Various situations like accidents, bleeding, . ©perations, (ii) Blood donated by, shes pee ¥ a healthy person is used to save a life of a needy iii) Blood el = reed Produced by artificial ways HON Occur: i E (x) About 350 mi of blood can heen donation and our body They n our body. an be collected from a person during (vi) Healthy people of ag can restore it within 24 hours. / a vear, '8€ More than 18 can donate blood for 3-4 times Q.11. Label the parts pf Artery and vein. Ans. (1) Artery (2) Capillary (3) Intema (4) muscle (5) connective tissue (6) valve Q.12. Draw neat and labelled diagrams. Ans. T (i) | | Respiratory system Q.13. Complete the following table. Ans, | Organ Organs Functions t system io siti (1) | Respiratory | Nose, Pharynx, (i) Energy production | System Windpipe, Lungs, | (ii) Cell needs the supply of Alveoli, Diaphragm soluble nutrients — and oxygen.Grade oa : Grade (2) | Circulatory | Heart - four (i) Circulatory system System chambers (Atria and performs function of Ventricles), Blood transport of various veseols (Arteries, substances like FLO, Veins, Capillaries) hormones, oxygen, Independent organ for Wlood circulation | Q.14, What is your opinion. Ans.(1) (i) A donor must be healthy and free of disease. (11) He / she mug, have completed 18 years of age. (iii) He / she must be atleast 50 kg in Weight. (iv) A parental permission is required for those youngsters donating blood. (v) Females must have a minimum of 12.5 g/dl. of haemoglobin and males with a minimum level of 13.0 g/dL. (vi) Fle, She should not have donated blood in the last 56 days: (2) Here is the life styles that will help lower your blood pressure ang Keep it down. (i) Lose extra fats and watch the waistline. (ii) One must exercise regularly. (iii) Eat a healthy diet. (iv) Reduce the intake of salt in ones food. (v) Quit smoking or drinking alcohol if you are habituated (vi) Cut out on caffeine products. (vii) Reduce your stress levels.(viii) One must avoid fats, red meat and excess sugar. (3) Organisms Respiratory organ | (i) Amoeba Cell membrane / plasma membrane (ii) Earthworm Skin (iii) Cockroach Trachea (iv) Plants Stomata | (v) Aquatic Animals Gills (vi) Birds Lungs | *Q.15. Read the following paragraph and identify the disease. Today her child became one and half year old. However, that child does not seem to be healthy and happy. It was continuously crying and gradually becoming weak. It has shortness of breath. Its nails have become blue. Ans. The child is suffering from a serious heart problem, It may be hypoxia So ate oh ho fe ete