Scribd
Upload
13 views10 pages

CHAPTER 4 POLYGONS

Uploaded by

ENG ZI QING
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views10 pages

CHAPTER 4 POLYGONS

Uploaded by

ENG ZI QING
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

CHAPTER 4: POLYGONS

4.1 REGULAR POLYGONS

A. GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF REGULAR POLYGONS

1. A polygon is a closed shape in a plane that has three or more straight sides.

2. A regular polygon is a polygon where

(a) all the sides are of equal length and (b) all the interior angles are of equal size. Otherwise, the
polygon is an irregular polygon.

For example:

3. The number of axes of symmetry of a regular polygon with n sides is n. That is, the number of axes
of symmetry of a regular polygon is equal to the number of sides.

For example:

EXAMPLE 1:

Mark ( ✓ ) for the regular polygons and ( ✗ ) for the irregular polygons.
EXAMPLE 2:

Draw and state the number of axes of symmetry of the following regular polygons.

B. CONSTRUCTING REGULAR POLYGONS

1. Regular polygons can be constructed by using a pair of compasses and a ruler.

2. A more general method is to start with a circle and use the angle subtended by each side of a
polygon at the centre of the circle.

3. This is because the sides of a regular polygon subtend equal angles at the centre, or the angle at the
centre is divided equally among the sides.

A. CONSTRUCT A REGULAR HEXAGON

Construct a regular hexagon of side 4 cm.

1. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm using a pair of compasses.

2. Maintain the opening of the compasses, that is 4 cm, place it on any point on the circumference of
the circle. Then, mark an arc on the circumference.

3. Move the compasses to the point of intersection of this arc and the circumference, mark another
arc on the circumference.

4. This process is continued until 6 arcs are marked on the circumference.

5. Join the 6 points of intersection to obtain a regular hexagon.


EXAMPLE 3:

Draw the following polygons by dividing equally the angles at the centres of the circles.

B. CONSTRUCT A REGULAR PENTAGON.


360°
Angle subtended by each side of a regular pentagon at its centre =
5

= 72°

1. Draw a circle. Then draw a radius of the circle and mark an angle of 72° at the centre using a
protractor.

2. Draw a side of the regular pentagon.

3. By using a pair of compasses, copy the length of this side and mark three more arcs on the
circumference. Draw lines to complete the regular pentagon.
EXAMPLE 4:

Construct the following regular polygons by using a pair of compasses and a ruler only.

4.2 INTERIOR ANGLES AND EXTERIOR ANGLES OF POLYGONS

A. SUM OF INTERIOR ANGLES OF A POLYGON

1. A polygon that has more than three vertices can be divided into triangles by joining a vertex to the
other non-adjacent vertices.

For example, a quadrilateral can be divided into 2 triangles.

Quadrilateral ABCD is divided into:

1. triangle ACD

2. triangle ABC

Sum of the interior angles of quadrilateral ABCD

= Sum of the interior angles of 2 triangles

= 2 × 180°

= 360°
2. The same method can be applied to other polygons. The results are shown in the table below.

3. From the result observed in the table, it is found that

Sum of the interior angles of a polygon with n sides = (n - 2) × 180°

EXAMPLE 5:

Classify the angles of each of the following polygons into interior angles and exterior angles.
EXAMPLE 6:

Determine the number of triangles that can be formed in each of the following polygons. Hence, find
the sum of the interior angles of the polygon.

EXAMPLE 7:

Find the sum of the interior angles of each of the following polygons.
EXAMPLE 8:

Find the number of sides of the following polygons, given the sum of interior angles.

B. SUM OF EXTERIOR ANGLES OF A POLYGON

1. The diagram shows a quadrilateral. When its sides are produced, four exterior angles are formed.

2. Here, we can make the conjecture that the sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is 360°.
EXAMPLE 9:

Using a protractor, measure the exterior angles of each of the following polygons. Hence, find the
sum of exterior angles of the polygons.

C. INTERIOR ANGLES, EXTERIOR ANGLES AND NUMBER OF SIDES OF A REGULAR POLYGON

Based on the properties of the interior and exterior angles of a polygon, we can determine the interior
and exterior angles and the number of sides of a regular polygon.

EXAMPLE 10:

Find the value of x in each of the following polygons.


EXAMPLE 11:

Find the value of x in each of the following polygons.

EXAMPLE 12:

Find the value of interior angle of each of the following regular polygons.
EXAMPLE 13:

Find the number of sides of each of the following regular polygons.

EXAMPLE 14:

Solve the following problems.

You might also like