1. A line PQ 70 mm long is parallel to HP and VP. The 4.

A line PQ 70 mm long is inclined at 30° to HP and

point P is 20 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. 45° to VP. The point P is 20 mm above HP and 15
Draw its projections. mm in front of VP. Draw its projections. Find the
apparent inclinations of the top and front views
SOLUTION: with the XY line. Also measure the distance between
the end projectors.
70
SOLUTION:
p'
q'
20

q' q1 ' LOCUS OF q'

VP
X Y
HP

,5
15

49
p a

30°
q q 2'
p'

20
VP
Y
2. A line PQ 70 mm long is inclined at 30  to HP and X
HP
parallel to VP. The point P is 20 mm above HP and 15 mm

15
p
infront of VP. Draw its projections. q
b 1 ANSWERS

45°
SOLUTION: a = 45 deg.
b = 55 deg.

60,6
2
q' 70
LOCUS OF q
70 q q
2

Distance between
end projectors
35mm
30°

p'
5 A straight line PQ, 75 mm long is inclined at 45° to HP
20

VP and 30° to VP. The point P is 80 mm from the planes of

X Y
HP projection and the point Q is nearer to the said planes.
15

Draw the projections.

p q
SOLUTION:

3. A line PQ 70 mm long is inclined at 45° to VP and p' q'1

parallel to HP. The point P is 20 mm above HP and 15 mm
ANSWERS
in front of VP. Draw its projections. a
a = 55.00 deg.
45°

SOLUTION: b = 45.00 deg.

64,9
5

75
80

q2 LOCUS OF Q
p' q' '
q'
20

VP VP
X Y
X Y HP
HP
15

p
45°

q q1 LOCUS OF Q
80

03
53,
70

b
30°

p
q q
6. Draw the projections of a straight line AB, 80 mm long, 8. The midpoint of a line AB is 60 mm above HP and 50
inclined at 30° to HP and 60° to VP. The end A is 15 mm in front of VP. The line measures 80mm and is
above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Find the apparent inclined at 45° to HP and 30° to VP. Draw its
inclinations of the top and front views with the XY line. projections.
Comment
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
ANSWERS
b1'

40
LOCUS OF b
b' a = 55.00 deg. b' b 1' LOCUS OF B
b = 45.00 deg.
Fv = 69.28 mm
Tv = 56.57mm
a

40

45 °
m' b2'
a 2'
b2 '
30°

a'

a 55
4 5°
°
15

VP
X Y LOCUS OF A

60
HP a ' a'
1
20

a b1
60°

VP
X Y
b HP
ANSWERS
a = 90 deg.
a

50
b = 90 deg. LOCUS OF A 2 a

30°
5°
b4
m b1
a1
LOCUS OF b 40
LOCUS OF B
b b2
b b2
40

7. A line has one end in HP and the other end in VP. It is

inclined at 30° to HP and 45°to VP. Length of the line is 80 9. A line has its end A, 15 mm above HP and 10 mm in
mm. Draw the three views of the line and measure the front of VP. The end B is 55 mm above HP and the line is
distance between the end projectors in the front view. inclined at 30° to HP. The distance between the end
How far the end A is in front of VP? projectors when measured parallel to the XY line is 50 mm.
Draw the projections of the line. Determine the true length
SOLUTION: of the line and its inclination with VP.

X1 SOLUTION:

80

LOCUS OF B b b1 ' b" th

Leng
' True b' b 1' LOCUS OF B

V iew
nt
Fro
45°
30°

VP
a' b2 ' RPP LOCUS OF B a"
X a
55

Y
HP b2
30°

b a' b2'
45°

15

VP
56,57

X Y
HP ANSWERS
10

a b1 f = 37.00 deg.
5 5°

f a = 39.00 deg.
45°

80

b
a b = 44.00 deg.
b1
Fv = 69.28 mm
To p
Vie Tv = 64.0 3mm
w TL = 80.00 mm
LOCUS OF B
40
Y1
b b2
50
10. A line AB is 90 mm long. It is inclined at 45° to HP. Its 12. The Right view of a line AB 80 mm long makes an
front view measures 70 mm. The end A is 15 mm above HP angle of 40° to the XY line. Draw the top and front views
and 25 mm in front of VP. The B end is higher than the end of the line when the length of the left view is 50 mm. Take
A. Draw the projections of the line AB. Determine: (i) its the point A to be 15 mm above HP and 60mm in front of
inclination with VP and (ii) the length of its top view. VP and the point B being nearer to VP.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

X1

80
b" b' b 1'
b' b 2' LOCUS OF B 3
70,2
50
90

a
q

40°
a" a'
a1'
70

15
LPP VP
Y
X
HP
a 45°
80
45 °

b
a' b 1' LOCUS OF A b2
6
73,2

60
a 1'
15

VP
X Y
HP f b
25

a
a b1
b2 1
a a1 LOCUS OF A
f Y1
ANSWERS
b f = 39.00 deg.
ANSWERS
a = 65.00 deg.
To

q = 24.00 deg.
pV

b = 63.00 deg.
a = 27.00 deg.
iew

Tv = 63.64 mm
f = 29.00 deg.
LOCUS OF B b = 32.00 deg.
b b1
13. A line 75 mm long has one end at the lines of
11. The top view of a 75 mm long line CD measures 50 intersection of HP, VP and PP, and the other end is
mm. The midpoint of the line is 60 mm in front of VP and equidistant from all the three planes of projection. Draw
50 mm above HP. The point D is 40 mm in front of VP. the projections of the line and find the inclinations of the
Draw its projections and find its inclinations with HP and line with HP, VP and PP.
VP.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

X1
c' c1' LOCUS OF D ANSWERS
q = 48.00deg. 43,3 43,3
a = 62.00 deg.
75

a b" b' b1'

q f = 32.00 deg.
m'
d2 ' b = 53.00 deg.
c2'
Fv = 63.44 mm
43,3

Tv = 50.00 mm m' m2'

L
gth
len

LOCUS OF C
50

d1' d' a'

PP a" m1' VP
X Y
VP m2 HP
45°

X Y a
HP len
50 gth
L m m1
40
60

LOCUS OF C
d2 d
75 b b2
d1 m c1
b f
50

LOCUS OF D Y1
75 c2
c
14. A line PQ is inclined at 30° to HP and its top view is
inclined at 30° to XY line. The front view of the line is 60
mm long. The point P is 30 mm from both HP and VP.
Draw its projections.

SOLUTION:
16. A divider opened at 45° is so placed on the ground
such that both the ends are equidistant from VP and the
67,0
8 hinged end is 50 mm above the ground and nearer to VP.
q' q1' If the distance between the ends is 80 mm, draw the
60 projections and determine the true lengths of the legs of the
divider. Also determine the inclinations of each leg with the
reference planes.
27°

q 2'
30°

p'
SOLUTION:
X1
30

m1 m1"
VP Y '
X q
HP
45°

3
104,2
30

m' m"
30°

p
50
q q
1 2

67°
VP m2' a"(b")
X Y
HP a' 80 b'

45°
a b
52°
104
,23

15. A room is 5 m X 3 m X 4 m high. An electric lamp is m m2

Y1
suspended vertically from the center of the ceiling at a
distance of 0.8m from it. Find the distance of the lamp 17. Three vertical poles AB, CD and EF are respectively 2
from anyone of the ground corners and slope angle of the m, 4 m and 8 m long. Their ends B, D and F are on the
connecting line with the ground. ground and form the corners of an equilateral triangle of 5
m long sides. Determine graphically the distances between
SOLUTION: the top ends of the poles, viz., AC, CE AE, also the
inclination of these with the ground. Scale 1: 100.

SOLUTION:
4.3
29
M

a 2'
0.8m

o'
4m

52°
48°

VP a' a1'
X Y
HP

o Scale
a1
3m

1:100
1.5m

a a2
5m
 c'
a1' o' b1' (c ')
1
64,
03

,1
78
e '
1

39°
e'

10.77
8M

10.44M

M
M
11.18
50°

22°
a1' a' Scale
53,85

4M
1:100
2M

X VP
b' d' f'
Y
HP
a(b) e(f)

X VP
a' c' b'
Y
HP
c
50

Scale
1:100 °
1 20

3M
a1 e
c(d) 1

120°
a o
5M
True lengths of wires 120°
a=11.18m
b=10.77m
c=10.44m
b

18. A chimney of a boiler is 10 m high and 2 m in

diameter. This chimney is supported by guy wires which
appear in top view at 120° to each other. The ends of the
wires are pegged to the ground at distances of 3 m, 4 m
and 5 m from the Centre of the chimney. The other ends
the wire are connected to the top of the chimney.
Find the length of the three guy wires.

SOLUTION:

19. Two oranges on a tree are respectively 1.8 meter and 3

meter above the ground, & 1.2 meter & 2.1 meter from a
0.3 meter thick wall but on the opposite sides of it. The
distance between the oranges measured along the ground &
parallel to the wall is 2.7 meter. Determine the real distance
between the oranges.

SOLUTION:
 4.657M

b' b1'

b2 ' Scale
a' 1:100

3M
1.8M

X VP Y
HP b b2

2.1M
1.2M

a 0.3M
b1
2.7M

20. A straight road going uphill from a point A due east to

another point B, is 4 km long and has a slope of 15°.
Another straight road from B, due 30° East of North, to a
point C is also 4 km long but is on a level ground.
Determine the length and slope of the straight road joining
the points A and C. select suitable Scale

SOLUTION:

6.54KM

4KM b' c' c1'

VP a'
15°

c2'
9°

X Y
HP
Scale
1:1000

c c2

30°
4 KM
30°

a c1
b
KM
6.54