NAME: AYANAVA CHATTERJEE

ROLL: 14400120027
SUBJECT: Multimedia Systems
SUBJECT CODE: OECCS701B
TOPIC: Multimedia Systems and
Components
INTRODUCTION
• Multimedia is a form of communication.
• It is combination of writing , audio, images, animations or video.
• It also contains principles and application of effective interactive
communication.
• They form the building blocks of software, hardware and other
technologies.
• Primary Building Blocks: text, image, audi, video and animation.
 Impact of Multimedia

Impact of Multimedia in Impact of Multimedia on

Impact in Electronic and print
Education: Children:
media:
• E-learning is a form of • Multi medium method
• Core fields of multimedia.
multimedia. increases child’s cognitive
• Information exchange
• E-learning is cost effective . learning.
system has impact on
• Animations can be used to • Sufficient amount of data is
human brain.
simplify concepts. to be provided suitable to a
• Sub fields: Animations,
• Human brain perceives 90% child’s age.
movies, news, TV programs
of visual data. • Pitfall of this medium may
which contain both
• 3D visualization is also be the negative mediums
entertaining and informative
necessary in science. increasing anti-social
literatures.
behaviour.
Multimedia Systems
• It is responsible for developing multimedia application.
• Multimedia application is a bundle of different kinds of data.
• Multimedia computer system is one that can create, integrate, store,
retrieve delete two or more types of media materials in digital form,
such as audio, image, video, and text information.
• Multimedia systems have very high processing power.
File Systems
• It must be efficient to meet the requirements of continuous media.
• Media files require very high-disk bandwidth rates.
• Disks usually have low transfer rates and high latency rates.
• Disk schedulers are necessary to reduce latency time and ensure high
bandwidth.
• Media file formats supported: JPEG, MPEG, AVI, MID, WAV, DOC, GIF,
PNG, etc.
Characteristics of Multimedia Systems
Operating System:
• Provide fast response time for interactive application.
• High throughput for batch applications.
Storage and Memory:
• Multimedia Systems require storage for large capacity objects such as
video, audio, animation and images.
Network Support:
• Includes internet, intranet, LAN, WAN, ATM, Mobile telephony.
• Multimedia networking application are referred to as continuous media
applications.
• They require high Communication Latency.
Components of a Multimedia System
• Capture devices :- Video Camera, Video Recorder, Audio, Microphone,
Keyboards, mice, graphics tablets, 3D input devices, tactile sensors,
VR devices.
• Storage Devices :- Hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROM etc.
• Communication Networks :- Local Networks, Intranets, Internet,
Multimedia or other high speed networks.
• Computer Systems :- Multimedia Desktop machines, workstations,
MPEG/VIDEO/DSP Hardware.
• Display Devices :- CD-quality speakers, HDTV, SVGA, Hi-Resolution
monitors, Color printers etc.
Challenges for Multimedia Systems
• Distributed Networks.
• Temporal relationship between data
1. Render different data at same time continuously.
2. Sequencing within the media.
3. Synchronization – Inter media scheduling
WHAT IS TEXT?
• Text is an important component used in many multimedia
applications.
• They are characters used to create words, sentences and paragraphs.
• Text alone provides one source of information.
• Text is words and symbols in any form spoken or written.
Fonts and Faces
• A typeface is a family of graphic characters that usually include many
type size and styles.
• A font is a collection of characters of a single size and style.
• Typical font styles are boldface and italic.
• Computer software may add other style attributes such as underlining
and outlining of characters.
EXAMPLES
1. BOLD: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
2. ITALIC: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
3. UNDERLINE: AYANAVA
4. UPPER CASE: ABCDE
5. Lower case: abcdefgh
6. Propercase: The quick brown Fox jumped over The lazy Dog.
TYPES OF TEXT
A text is a piece of writing that you read or create.
There are three types of text:
i. Expository texts.
ii. Narrative texts.
iii. Argumentative texts.

The type of texts depend on their purpose, structure and language

features.
EXPOSITORY TEXTS
➢It is intended to identify and characterize experience, facts, situations
and actions in either abstract or real element.
➢Expository texts are meant to explain, inform or describe and they
are the most frequently use to write structures.
NARRATIVE TEXTS
• A Narrative texts entertains, instructs or informs readers by telling a
story.
• Narrative texts deal with imaginary or real world.
• Narrative can be fictional or non fictional.
• Fictional(fairy tales, myths, novels, science fiction, horror or
adventure stories, fable, legends, etc.)
• Non fictional(articles, newspaper, historical, writings).
ARGUMENTATIVE TEXTS
❖ Argumentative texts aim to change the readers beliefs.
❖They often contain negative qualities or characteristics of something/
someone or try to persuade their readers that an object, product,
idea is in some way better than other.
Digitization of Sound
• Digitization is process of converting analog to digital signals.
• Three steps of digitization of sound: Sampling, Quantization,
Encoding.
Steps of Digitization: Sampling
Sampling:
• Process of measuring air pressure amplitude at equally spaced
moments in time.
• Sampling rate is the number of times the analog sound is taken per
second.
• Higher sampling rate indicates more samples are taken during given
time interval.
• Sampling rate is measured in Hertz(Hz)
Steps of Digitization: Quantization
• It is a process of representing the amplitude of each sample as
integers or numbers.
• Commonly used sample sizes are either 8 bits or 16 bits.
• The larger the sample size more accurate the data.
• An 8-bit sample size provides 256 equal measurement units to
describe the level and frequency of the sound in that slice of time.
Steps of Digitization: Encoding
• Encoding converts the integer base-10 number to a base-2 that is a
binary number.
• The output is a binary expression in which each bit is either a 1(pulse)
or a 0(no pulse).
Transmission of Audio
• To send sample digital sound over the wire that it to transmit the
digital audio, it is first to be recovered as analog signal known as de-
modulation.
• PCM Demodulation :- PCM demodulator reads each sampled value
then apply the analog filters to suppress energy outside the expected
frequency range and outputs the analog signal as output which can
be used to transmit the digital signal over the network.
Image in Multimedia
• An image consists of rectangular array of dots called pixels.
• Size of image is specified in terms of width x height.
• Physical size of the image, in inches or centimeters, depends on the
resolution of the device on which image is displayed.
• Resolution is usually measured in DPI(Dots per Inch).
Image Data Types

8-Bit Gray level images:

1-Bit Image: • Each pixel is represented 24-bit Color images:
• Each pixel is stored in a by a single byte(i.e 8 • Each pixel is represented
single bit. bits). by three bytes.
• A bit has two states on or • Therefore each image • Usually RGB(Red, green
off. can hold 256 values and Blue).
• Images such as these are between 0-255. • Usually true color is
binary images. • Grayscale digital image defined to mean 256
• Also called 1-bit value of each pixel is a shades of RGB for a total
monochrome image. single sample, carrying of 16777216 variations.
intensity information.
Color lookup Tables
• A color LUT(loop-up table) is a mechanism used to transform a range
of input colors into another range of colors.
• Convert logical color numbers stored in each pixel of video memory
into physical colors.
• Each pixel stores only index value or logical color number.
• Number of entries in palette determines maximum no. of colors
which can appear on screen simultaneously.
• Width of each entry in the palette determines the number of colors
which the wider full palette can represent.
Image File Formats: GIF
GIF(Graphical Interchange Formats):
▪ Supports 256 colours.
▪ Most popular because of compact size.
▪ Used for navigation purposes.
▪ Creates table of 256 colours from pool of 16 million.
▪ GIF can be animated.
▪ Allow single-bit transparency.
▪ Provision allows the background colours of the web page to be shown
through the image.
Image File Formats: JPEG
• Files are bitmapped images.
• Store information as 24-bit color.
• Format of choice for nearly all photograph images on internet.
• Digital cameras save JPEG format by default.
• Main graphic file format for world wide web.
• Works well on photographs, artwork and similar materials but not so
well on lettering, simple cartoons or line drawings.
Image File Formats: PNG(Portable Network
Graphics)
• Only lossless format that web browser supports.
• Supports 8-bit, 32 bits, 24 bits and 48 bits data type.
• PNG is superior to the GIF.
• Produces smaller files with more option to colors.
• PNG-8 is similar to GIF format.
• PNG-24 is similar to JPEG but not a replacement format for JPEG.
Video in Multimedia
• Video increases engagement, letting the reader spend more time
viewing content and interact with it meaningfully.
• Video allows to communicate effectively in an intuitive way.
• Video is an electronic medium for recording, copying playback,
broadcasting and display of moving visual media.
Analog Video
• It is a video signal represented by one or more analog signals.
• Analog color video signals include luminance(Y) and chrominance(C).
• Analog video may be carried in separate channels, as in two-channel
S-Video(YC) and multi-channel component video formats.
• Analog Video is both consumer and professional television production
applications.
Digital Video
• An electronic representation of moving visual images.
• It is created and manipulated using computer technology and can be
viewed on a variety of digital devices.
• Uses discrete values to represent the visual images, which are stored
as digital data.
• Works by capturing and processing a series of digital images.
• Conversion of visual information into digital data.
• Data is processed by computer, which compresses the data and stores
it as a digital file.
• Applications: Entertainment, Education, Surveillance, Medicine.
Video Transport Medium
Video can be transported in variety of ways:
• Wireless terrestrial television as an analog or digital signal, co-axial
cable in a closed circuit system as an analog signal.
• Broadcast or studio cameras use a single or dual co-axial cable system
using serial digital interface(SDI).
• Video may be transported over networks and other shared digital
communication links for instance MPEG transportation stream,
SMPTE 2022 and SMPTE 2110.
THANK YOU