AMRITA VIDYALAYAM

CHENNAI

BIOLOGY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

DRUG ADDICTION

SUBMITTED BY
TARUN SRIRAM.P
XII B
ROLL NO: 17
2022-23
CERTIFICATE

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

3
 INDEX

S.No. Content Page No.

1. CERTIFICATE 2

2.
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
OBJECTIVE 6
3.
Report on Drug 7
4.
Dependence
INTRODUCTION 9
5.

Classification of 10
6.
Drugs
HOW DOES DRUG 15
7. ADDICTION BEGIN?

4
 INDEX
S.No. Content Page No.

8. DRUG 16
ADDICTION
A SOCIAL
DISEASE
17
9. TOBACCO
19
10.
ALCOHOL
HOW TO 22
11. OVERCOME
ADDICTION
24
12. CONCLUSION

25
13.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
5
 OBJECTIVE
To study drugs, their
classification, addictive
nature and prevention from
addiction.

6
 Report on Drug
Dependence
• Drugs are prescribed by physicians
for the prevention or treatment of
diseases, or are withdrawn as soon
as the desired effect is achieved.
Repeated use of certain drugs on a
periodic or continuous basis may
make the body dependant. They act
on the brain and alter behavior,
consciousness, and capacity of
perception. Hence, they are also
termed mood-altering drugs. Some
people start taking drugs without
medical and become drugs
dependent.

7
 INTRODUCTION
What is meant by a drug addiction?

Any substance, other than food, used

in the prevention, diagnosis, all
aviation or treatment of a disease is
called a drug. The drug is also known
as a medicine. Generally, the term
drugs applied to any stimulating or
depressing substance that can be
habituating or addictive. Addiction is
the habitual, psychological and
physiological dependence on a
substance or practice which is
beyond voluntary control.

9
 Classification of Drugs

• Central Nervous System (CNS)

Depressants

CNS depressants slow down the

operations of the brain and the
body. Examples of CNS
depressants include alcohol,
barbiturates, anti-anxiety
tranquilizers (e.g., Valium,
Librium, Xanax, Prozac, and
Thorazine), GHB (gamma
hydroxy butyrate), Rohypnol, and
many other anti-depressants (e.g.,
Zoloft, Paxil).

10
 Classification of Drugs

• CNS Stimulants

CNS stimulants accelerate the

heart rate and elevate the blood
pressure and "speed-up," or
over-stimulate, the body.
Examples of CNS stimulants
include cocaine, "crack" cocaine,
amphetamines, and
methamphetamine

11
 Classification of Drugs

• Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens cause the user to

perceive things differently than
they actually are. Examples
include LSD, peyote, psilocybin
and MDMA

12
 Classification of Drugs

• Dissociative Anesthetics

Dissociative anesthetics include

drugs that inhibit pain by
cutting off or dissociating the
brain's perception of the pain.
PCP, its analogs, and
dextromethoraphan are
examples of dissociative
anesthetics.

13
 Classification of Drugs

• Narcotics, Cannabis and

Inhalants

Narcotic analgesics relieve pain,

induce euphoria, and create
mood changes in the user.
Cannabis is the scientific name
for marijuana. The active
ingredient in cannabis is delta-9
tetrahydrocannabinol. Inhalants
include a wide variety of
breathable substances that
produce mind-altering results
and effects.

14
 HOW DOES DRUG
ADDICTION BEGIN?
• Frustration and Depression: Some
people start taking drugs to get relief
from frustration and depression.
• The desire for More Work: Students
sometimes take drugs to keep awake
the whole night to prepare for the
examination. It is not desirable as it
may cause a mental breakdown.
• Looking for a Different World: A
wrong notion that the drugs open up
a new world tempts some young
octets to start taking-drugs.
• Relief from Pain: A prolonged use of
pain-relieving drugs with physician's
advice at times leads to addiction.

15
 DRUG ADDICTION
A SOCIAL DISEASE
• Smoking and drinking and use of
drugs frequently or regularly are
social diseases. Young people take to
these habits for fun, show off or
curiosity, as an adventure or feeling of
freedom, or as a gesture of defiance
against the elders who themselves
indulge in these activities but check
the youngsters. A temporary escape
from the life problems and mental
relaxation felt on taking the drugs in
the beginning increase person's
interest in them. Soon they become
habitual and find in difficult to leave.
The daily dose to get the desired effect
increases with time.

16
 TOBACCO

• It is a native of South Africa, where the Red

Indian first started smoking. Now the
tobacco plant has spread the world over.

• Tobacco is used for smoking, chewing and

snuffing. Its main stimulating component is
poisonous volatile alkaloid nicotine. which
causes addiction. Nicotine synthesis occurs
in the roots of the plant but it is stored in
the leaves. The leaves contain 2 to 8%
nicotine. Inhaling tobacco smoke from
cigars, cigarettes, biddies. pipes and
hubble-bubble is called smoking. The cigar
is a roll of tobacco leaf. The cigarette is cut
tobacco wrapped in paper. Smoking may
give some temporary relief to the strained
nerves but in the long run, it proves a
dangerous health hazard. Smokers may
develop a physiological craving for nicotine
and then they cannot give up smoking.

17
 EFFECTS OF NICOTINE
• The effects of the Nicotine that is present in the
tobacco leaves are as follows:
• Stimulates conduction of nerve impulses and
relaxes the muscles.

• Releases adrenaline, increasing heart beat rate

and pressure.

• Increased blood pressure due to smoking

chances the risk of heart diseases.
•
Retards foetal growth in expecting mothers

• Causes tobacco addiction. High concentration

of nicotine paralyzes nerve cells.
• Besides the poisonous nicotine, the tobacco
smoke contains carbon monoxide, polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, and tar.

18
 ALCOHOL

• Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, a flammable,

colourless liquid having a penetrating
odour and burning taste. It is one of the
products of the distillation of fermented
grains, fruit juices and starches with the
help of yeast enzymes. It is the principal
constituent and the intoxicating
principle of wines. Alcohol is taken in
low concentration, as the beer, toddy,
and wine and in relatively high
concentration as arrack, brandy,
whiskey, rum, gin, vodka, etc.

19
 Why do People consume
Alcohol?
• Social pressure

• Desire for excitement Feeling of

independence

• Liking of taste

• Desire to escape from such

realities of life as disappointments
and failures and

• The desire to offset the hardships

and monotony of daily life.

20
 What happens when
Alcohol is consumed?
• Alcohol is quickly absorbed in the stomach
and upper part of small intestine and
reaches all the tissues in minutes. Its
oxidation starts at once and a large amount
of heat in produced. Since heat is not
needed in the body, it is taken up by the
blood and carried to the skin for
dissipation. Since the receptors of heat are
located in the skin, the rush of blood to the
skin gives a false impression of warmth in
the body. The blood supply of internal
organs is greatly reduced resulting in fall of
temperature in them. The energy released
by alcohol is not used in any life process.
Rather the energy derived from food is
used up in ridding the body of excess heat.

21
 How To Overcome
Addiction?
• The first step in overcoming
addiction involves deciding to
make a change. From there,
preparing, planning, finding
support, and talking to a
healthcare provider can help put
you on a path to a successful
recovery.

22
 How To Overcome
Addiction?
• Decide to Change
• Prepare to Change
• Seek Social Support
• Indulge yourself in other activities
• Reach Out to Healthcare
Providers
• Making a plan and writing it down
can help you commit to quitting.
• Setting goals for your recovery
helps you stay motivated and can
make the process less stressful.

23
 CONCLUSIONS

Drug use and addiction cause a

lot of disease and disability in the
world. Recent advances in
neuroscience may help improve
policies to reduce the harm that
the use of tobacco, alcohol and
other psychoactive drugs impose
on society.
You were never born to live
depressed or defeated. You were
born to be victorious. Its never
late to overcome addiction.

24
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Credits:
• CLASS 12 NCERT TEXTBOOK
• https://www.wikipedia.org/
• https://www.helpguide.org/articl
es/addictions/overcoming-drug-
addiction.htm
• https://www.slideshare.net/
• Reference articles from various
blogs.

25
THE END
Thank You!