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Rise of Nationalusm in Europe Notes-Answer Key

natonlism in europe

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3 views2 pages

Rise of Nationalusm in Europe Notes-Answer Key

natonlism in europe

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kanzahmariyam12
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HISTORY CH-1

RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

1 In Britain, the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval
or revolution. Validate the statement with relevant arguments.

Ans: The conditions that led to the formation of the British Nation State were: (a) The primary
identities of the people who inhabited the British Isles were ethnic ones - such as English,
Welsh, Scot, or Irish. All of these ethnic groups had their own cultural and political traditions.
But as the English nation steadily grew in wealth, importance, and power, it was able to
extend its influence over the other nations of the islands.
(b) The English Parliament, which had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of
a protracted conflict, was the instrument through which a nation-state, with England at its
centre, came to be forged. (c) The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland that
resulted in the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain' meant, in effect, that
England was able to
impose its influence on Scotland. The British parliament was henceforth dominated by
its English members.

2 'Ideas of national unity in early nineteenth century Europe were closely allied to the ideology
of liberalism'. Support the statement with arguments.

Ans: Liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.
Politically, it emphasized the concept of government by consent.
(a) Derived from' liber' means free.
(b) Stood for freedom for all and equality for all before the law.
(c) Politically-Government by consent.
(d) Universal suffrage, the right to vote for all.
(e) The French Revolution stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a
constitution, and a representative government through parliament.
(f) Struggles for equal political rights.
(g) It stressed the inviolability of private property.
(h) Freedom of markets and abolition of state restrictions.
3 The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in Europe. Explain
how? OR
"The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe". Support the
statement with arguments.

Ans: Economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s:


(a) There was an enormous increase in population all over Europe. In most countries,
there were more seekers of jobs than employment.
(b) Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.

(c) Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of
cheap machine-made goods from England.
(d) In those regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants
struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
(e) The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in towns
and countries.

4 How had the Napoleonic code been exported to the regions under French control? Explain
with examples.

Ans: The Napoleonic Code was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and
entered into force in 1804.
• The Code was a major step in replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws. It has a
special place as it is one of the few documents that have influenced the whole world. • The
Napoleonic Code was not the first legal code to be established in a European country with
a civil legal system; it was preceded by many but it was, however, the first modern legal
code to be adopted with a pan-European scope, and it strongly influenced the law of many
of the countries formed during and after the Napoleonic Wars.
• The Napoleonic Code influence developing countries outside Europe, especially in the
Middle East, attempting to modernize their countries through legal reforms.

5 Why was Otto von Bismarck considered as the architect of the unified Germany? Ans: Otto
von Bismarck is regarded as the architect of a unified Germany due to his strategic
leadership and military prowess. Key points include:
• Bismarck utilised the Prussian army and bureaucracy to achieve unification. • He
orchestrated three significant wars over seven years against Austria, Denmark, and
France, all of which ended in Prussian victories.
• In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was declared the German Emperor
in a ceremony at Versailles, marking the completion of unification.

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