Scribd
Upload
4 views

Igneous Rocks (1)

Uploaded by

wmkandawire648
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Igneous Rocks (1)

Uploaded by

wmkandawire648
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Minerals and Rocks

Igneous Rocks
Date:March 15,2025

Rasvaip50

Rock
• Rock is defined as the aggregate of two or more minerals

Types of Rocks
1. Igneous rocks
2. sedimentary rocks
3. Metamorphic rocks

Having mentioning the types we might go into details of each Type of rock
1. Igneous rocks
• Igneous rock these are the rocks formed when the molten magma or
lava cools at,above and below the earth’s surface
Types of molten Rocks
(a) Magma
– This is the molten rock which cools and exists below the
earth surface
(b) Lava
– This is the molten rock when magma cools above the earth
surface

What happens when the Magma cools


• when the temperature of the molten rock drops, Kinetic energy of the ion
decrease hence reducing the speed at which ions were moving,due to slow
movement of the ions some ions the start to link up and forming crustal
structure in the process of crystallization

• During the process of crystallization silicon and oxygen are the first ions
to link up forming silocon-oxygen tetrahedrons which are the basic com-
ponents of silicate minerals
• When cooling continued the silicon tetrahedrons Start to combine with
other ions and start forming silicate minerals and igneous rocks

Factors affecting the crystallization

MUST GHETTO ©Rasvaip Page 1


• Temperature
• presence of gases and water vapour
Textures of igneous rocks
• Texture is the word used to describe the shape , size and interlocking of
grains in the igneous rocks
Factors affecting grain size
• Rate at which magma cools

• The presence of dissolved gases


Types of Igneous Texture
1. Phaneritic
2. Aphanitic

3. porphyritic
4. Glassy
5. Pegmatitic
Having Mentioning these let’s go in detail of each texture

1. Phaneritic Texture
• This is a coarse-grained texture which is formed below the earth
surface
• Crystals are relatively large that they can easily be distinguished by
geologist
• Example is granite
2. Aphanitic Texture
• This is a fine grained texture which is formed above the earth’s sur-
face
• crystals are relatively small compared to phaneritic one hence there
not easy by the geologist to destiguish it without a microscope
• Example is Basalts
3. Porphyritic Texture

• This is the texture which have both coarse and fine grains and it
if formed below and above the earth’s surface due to environmental
conditions

MUST GHETTO ©Rasvaip Page 2


• For the coarse grained are formed when the magma cools below the
earth’s surface
• For the fine grained they are formed when the magma cools above
the earth’s surface
– The coarse grained crystals one they are referred as Phenocryst
– The fine grained crystal are referred to as Groundmass
• Example is Rhyolite

4. Glassy
• This is the texture formed by Rapid cooling Magma
• They are often formed from magmas with highly Silica content which
arranges into long chain-like structures before crystallization and
they are these chain-like structures which increases the viscosity of
the magma and once it eventually cools it forms the glassy textured
rocks
• They are also considered as amorphous because the don’t have crys-
talline structures
• They are classified by amount of glassy contained in them as follows;
– Glassy-bearing : 0-20%
– Glassy-rich : 30-50%
– Glassy : 50-100%
• Example of glassy rock is obsidian rock

5. Pegmatitic Texture
• This is the texture which contain large crystalline grain ¿1-2cm in
diameter
• Pegmatites are mainly composed of quartz, feldspar and mica min-
erals

MUST GHETTO ©Rasvaip Page 3

You might also like