DEVELOPMENT & OPTIMIZATION OF

FLEXIBLE DRILLING MACHINE

A Report submitted

in partial fulfillment for the Degree of

B.Tech

In

Mechanical Engineering
by

SHIVAM KUMAR JHA (22102150904)

RAUSHAN KUMAR (22102150905)

PRABHAT KUMAR (22102150908)

VIKRAM KUMAR (22102150919)

GAURAV KUMAR (21102150004)

under guidance of

Rahul kumar
(Assistant Professor)
pursued in

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Government Engineering College, Madhubani

To

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE MADHUBANI

(MAY, 2025)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To the foremost I would like to acknowledge my college, Government

Engineering College Madhubani, for availing me this opportunity to
contribute my thesis titled “Development & Optimization Of Flexible
Drilling Machine” in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of degree of Bachelors of Technology.

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to Rahul kumar

(Assistant Professor), Government Engineering College, Madhubani
for his precious guidance, constant supervision, valuable constructive
advice and kind co-operation in carrying out this semester’s report
work successfully.

I express my sincere thanks to all my respected faculty members of

Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering
College Madhubani for their kind co-operation and support which I
got during this work.
I extend my sincere thanks to one and all of GEC Madhubani
family for the completion of this document on the project report.
Finally, I like to express my deepest gratitude to my parents for their
continuous moral support and encouragement.

Shivam Kumar Jha Reg. No. 22102150904

Raushan Kumar Reg. No. 22102150905
Prabhat Kumar Reg. No. 22102150908
Vikram Kumar Reg. No. 22102150919
Gaurav Kumar Reg. No. 21102150004

ii
 APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that Shivam Kumar Jha (22102150904), Raushan

Kumar (22102150905), Prabhat Kumar (22102150908), Vikram
Kumar (22102150919), Gaurav Kumar (21102150004) “has
completed the dissertation work entitled “Development &
Optimization Of Flexible Drilling Machine” in partial fulfillment of
the requirement of the degree of Bachelors of Technology in the
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering
College Madhubani, during the academic term 2021-2025.

............................... …………………….
(Project Supervisor) (External Examiner)

...................................
H.O.D

Department of Mechanical Engineering

iii
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled Development &

Optimization of Flexible Drilling Machine submitted by Shivam
Kumar Jha, Raushan Kumar, Prabhat Kumar, Vikram Kumar,
Gaurav Kumar to the Government Engineering College,
Madhubani, in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of B.
Tech in Mechanical Engineering is a bona fide record of project
work carried out under guidance of Rahul kumar (Assistant
Professor). The contents of this report, in full or in parts, have not
been submitted to any other Institution or University for the award of
any degree or diploma.

Rahul Kumar Rahul Kumar

(Assistant Professor) (Assistant Professor)
Supervisor Project Supervisor
Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical
Engineering Engineering
GEC Madhubani GEC Madhubani

Shashank Saurabh
(Assistant Professor)
Madhubani HOD
May/2025 Department of Mechanical
Engineering
GEC Madhubani

iv
 DECLARATION

I declare that this project report titled Development & Optimization

Of Flexible Drilling Machine submitted in partial fulfillment of the
degree of B. Tech in Mechanical Engineering is a record of original
work carried out by us under the supervision of Rahul Kumar , and
has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree or diploma,
in this or any other Institution or University. In keeping with the
ethical practice in reporting scientific information, due
acknowledgements have been made wherever the findings of others
have been cited.

S. Student Name & Registration No. Signature

No.
1. Shivam Kumar Jha (22102150904)

2. Raushan Kumar (22102150905)

3. Prabhat Kumar (22102150908)

4. Vikram Kumar (22102150919)

5. Gaurav Kumar (21102150004)

Madhubani-847234

<Date>

v
 ABSTRACT

Drill machines are heart of every industry. The regular industrial work is drilling in
parts, sheets and structures. Perfect and well aligned drilling needs fixed and strong
drills. Some parts cannot be drilled using fixed drills due to low space between drill
bit and drill bed. We need to use hand drills in such cases but hand drills have
alignment problems while drilling. Nowadays, the drilling machine is developing
very fast with more uses and application. In basic drilling machine, the machine
work in particular direction which is the limitation in this machine. And there is
more problem like space between the drill and job is very less. So here we propose
a development & optimization of flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or
wall and can be used to drill holes horizontally, vertically or even upside down. So
this makes it possible for easy drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces. Thus
we use rotating hinges and connectors with motor mount and supporting structure
to design and fabricate a mini flexible drill for easy drilling operations. In basic
drilling machines, there is a problem of limitation of movement of drilling machine
in different directions. Also there are problems of less space between drill bit and
job and alignment problems. We can overcome these problems with the help of a
development & optimization of flexible drilling machine.

Keywords: Drilling machine, Drill bit, Flexibility, Drill Bit, Rotation, Arms,
motors, Direction.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

Chapter 1: Introduction…………………………………………….................1
1.1 Block Diagram ……………………………………………………..…... 2

Chapter 2: Literature Review………………………………………...…...….3

Chapter 3: Objective…………………………………………………………..4

Chapter 4: Methodology……………………………………………..………..5

Chapter 5: Main Component……………………………………...………..6-9

5.1 Base Frame………………..…………………………………….…..6
5.2 Vertical Support Column………….………………………………..6
5.3 Rotating Arm………………………………………………….....…7
5.4 Drill Holder/Mount……………………………………...…….……7
5.5 Electric Motor………………………………………..……….…….8
5.6 Power Supply Unit…………………………………...……………..8
5.7 Gear or Pulley Mechanism…………….……………..……….…….9
5.8 Control Switch/ Speed Regulator………………………........……...9
5.9 Safety Enclosure or Casing………………………………….……...9

Chapter 6: Working……………………………………………………….....11
6.1 Advantage ………………………………………………….……..12
6.2 Disadvantage………………………………………………….…...12
6.3 Application………………………………………………….……..12

Chapter 7: Design Specification and Calculation………………………......13

7.1 Design Specification…………………………………………….....13
7.2 Calculation…………………………………………………..……..13

Chapter 8: Conclusion…………………………………………………….….14

Chapter 9: References……………………………………………………...…15

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NUMBER

1.1. Schematic diagram showing the 2

proposed mechanism

5.1. Base Frame 6

5.2. Vertical Support Column 6

5.3. Rotating Arm 7

5.4. Drill Holder/ Mount 7

5.5. Electric Motor 8

5.6. Power Supply Unit 8

5.7. Gear or Pully Mechanism 9

5.8. Control Switch/ Speed Regulator 9

viii
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Drilling is a cutting process in which a hole is originated or enlarged by means of a

multipoint, fluted, end cutting tool. As the drill is rotated and advanced into the
work piece, material is removed in the form of chips that move along fluted shank
of drill.
Process characteristics:
1. Uses a multipoint, fluted, end cutting tool.
2. Cutting tools are rotated and advanced relative to each other.
3. Creates or enlarges no precision holes.
4. May produce coarse, helical feed marks, depending on machining parameters.
5. Creates small burrs on entry and coarse burrs on exit.

Drilling involves relative axial and rotational motions between drill and work piece.
Usually the drill rotates and advances into the work piece, but sometimes the
opposite is true. Chips are removed by flowing along grooves or flutes in drill.
Although long spiral chips usually result from drilling, adjustment of feed rate can
result in chips with a range of shapes and sizes.

1
1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Drill Holder
Electric Motor

Base Frame

Rotating Arm

Vertical Support Column

Figure 1.1

2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

[1]. Lokesh Kumar Sahu, Pranesh Mohan Mishra, et al. (2018)- In this paper, the
author propose a 360 degree drilling machine which may drill in horizontally,
vertically or even upside down. The twist drill bit of carbon steel material is used
in this machine. [2]. G. Prasanth Kumar1, P. Guna Sekhar2, et al. (2018)- In previous
drilling machine many of the problems arise during drilling. Some parts cannot drill
due to small work space between drill bit and work piece. So they use hand drills
in this cases but it cause alignment problems. So here they propose a 360 degree
flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall and can be used to drill holes
horizontally, vertically or even upside down. So this make it possible for easy
drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces. [3]. Prof. Arpit G. Mahure1, Mr.
Sumit S. Bijwe2 et al. (2019)- In this research paper directional drilling machine
which can be used based on drilling holes in various location and movement and
easily operation done with high accuracy. Productivity can be improved by reducing
total machining time and reduced human effort and reduced manufacturing cycle
time. [4]. Samarth Bhaduwala1 , Avirat Varia2, et al. (2019) - In this research paper
they propose a 360 degree flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall and
can be used to drill holes horizontally, vertically or even upside down. So this makes
it possible for easy drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces. Thus they use
rotating hinges and connectors with motor mount and supporting structure to design
and fabricate a mini 360 degree drill for easy drilling operations. [5]. Gurpreet
Singh, Lakshay Kishore, et al. (2020)- The purpose of this project is to rotate 360
degree and it more convenient to use. This machine minimize the manufacturing
cycle time, the clamping of work piece also eliminated. [6]. Dr. Ravi Kumar M1,
Sri Jaivatsan M2, et al. (2021)- The aim of the project is to design and analyze the
360 degree drilling machine which is more efficient than the conventional drilling
machine.It can be drilled in any axis and any degree with the help of connecting
arms setup. [7]. Neha Prajapati, Satyam Yadav, et al. (2021)- This project is an
efficient operation and competitive cost. It is efficient and economical. In 360
degree flexible drilling machine drill can be done at any desired orientation and
angle without using of any kind of clamping or using different machine for drilling.
This machine also reduces clamping time and increase productivity. [8]Padave
Siddhesh1, Pawar Bhushan2, et al. (2021)- In this research paper deal with a problem
while drilling on inclined surfaces, in such case one can use the Multiangle Drilling
Machine which produces drilling at the required angle on inclined surfaces and can
be used to drill holes horizontally, vertically, and also upside down. So this makes
it attainable for simple drilling in even sophisticated elements and surfaces.

3
[9]. Nausheen Shaikh1, Snehal Kokitkar2, et al. (2022)- In this research paper
drilling involves relative axial and rotational motions between drill and workpiece.
Chips are removed by flowing along grooves or flutes in drill. Usually the drill
rotates and advanced into the workpiece, but sometime the opposite is true. [10].
Dr. A.K. Madan*1, Bhavya Joshi*2 (2022)- In this research paper study about the
360 degree drilling machine that can drill holes in horizontal, vertical and upside
down direction providing ease in drilling complicated part. This machine can
greater accuracy and precision since this machine setup can provide proper
straightness to the drill bit. [11]. Mithun Siloriya*1, Adarsh Kumar Dubey*2, et
al.(2023)- In this research paper deals with 360 degree rotation of drilling machine
which is easier to use. The machine minimizes production time and also eliminates
clamping of the workpiece. In this drilling machine, we use rack and pinion to move
the drill bit, so that the machine can work with high efficiency in a small space.
[12]. Vishal D. Panchal 1, Yogesh Gurjar 2, et al. (2024)- They propose a 360 degree
Drill machine that can be mounted on a table or wall and can be used to drill holes
horizontally, vertically or even upside down. So this makes it possible for easy
drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces.

4
 CHAPTER 3

OBJECTIVE

1. To reduce space and resource requirements.

2. To increase safety and ergonomics.
3. To develope a multi-directional machining system.
4. To perform operation with high accuracy.

5
 CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

In development & optimization of flexible drilling machine, a flow of methods had

to be used for designing. First of all, a process planning had to be charted out. This
acts as a guideline to be followed so that, the final model meets the requirement and
time could be managed. This would determine the efficiency of the project to be
done. Regulating in analysing these steps are very important as each of it has its
own criteria to be followed.

PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION

OBJECTIVE

LITERATURE
REVIEW

RESULT AND
PLANS FOR CONCLUSION
DESIGN

PRIMITIVE EXAMINING
DESIGN

NO ASSEMBLY
FEATURES
ADDITION
FABRICATION

CONCEPTUAL
DESIGN MATERIAL
PROCUTEMENT

DESIGN
3D FINALIZED 3D
CALCULATION MODEL
MODELLING

6
 CHAPTER 5

Main Component
5.1 Base Frame:

➢ Base frame is made up of mild steel or aluminium.

➢ Base frame Provide a stable foundation for mounting all other components.
➢ Base frame often includes rubber pad and clamps for anti-slip and shock
absorption.

Figure 5.1

5.2 Vertical Support Column:

➢ Vertical support column is made up of steel pipe or rectangular bar.
➢ It supports the motor and drill arm assembly.
➢ Vertical support column acts as the central axis around which the arm rotates
(360° mechanism).

Figure 5.2

7
5.3 Rotating Arm:
➢ Rotating arm is made up of steel or aluminum strip.
➢ It carries the drill and motor; allows full circular motion around the vertical
column.
➢ It attached with bearings or a gear-based mechanism for smooth rotation.

Figure 5.3

5.4 Drill Holder/Mount:

➢ Drill holder /Mount securely holds the electric drill in position.
➢ It is an adjustable clamp to fit different drill sizes; ensures vertical drilling.

Figure 5.4

8
5.5 Electric Motor
➢ DC motor or AC geared motor
➢ provides the rotational motion for the arm.
➢ speed-controlled with switch or potentiometer

Figure 5.5

5.6 Power Supply Unit:

➢ Power supply unit contain battery (12V/24V) or AC power adapter.
➢ It provide powers to the electric motor and drill.
➢ It may include ON/OFF switch, fuse, and speed control knob.

Figure 5.6

9
5.7 Gear or Pulley Mechanism:
➢ Gear or pulley mechanism transmits power from the motor to the rotating arm.
➢ It provides torque control for smooth motion.

Figure 5.7
5.8 Control Switch / Speed Regulator:
➢ It allows the user to turn the motor ON/OFF and control speed.
➢ It can be a toggle switch or rotary potentiometer.

Figure 5.8

5.9 Safety Enclosure or Casing:

➢ Casing is made up of acrylic or metal sheet.
➢ It covers moving parts to ensure safety during operation.

10
 CHAPTER 6

WORKING
➢ Base frame is mounted on the table for stability.
➢ The whole mechanism can rotate 3600 at the vertical axis of the base frame.
➢ Arm rotates automatically with the help of operating switch when where it is
required.
➢ Motor are mounted on Arm which moves where work piece is to drill.
➢ Put drill bit point on work piece area where drill is required.
➢ Switch on the main supply which of A.C.
➢ Then this A.C. flow through Rectifier and convert to Pure D.C.
➢ This rotates motor and also bit rotates.
➢ Afrer make hole where on work piece is required then switch off the main
supply.

11
ADVANTAGE
➢ 360-Degree Flexibility.
➢ Allows drilling from any angle without repositioning the workpiece, saving
time and effort.
➢ Precision and Consistency.
➢ The motorized mechanism ensures uniform drilling speed and reduces manual
errors.
➢ Compact and Space-Efficient.
➢ Automated rotation and drilling increase efficiency in repetitive tasks.

DISADVANTAGE
➢ Limited Load Capacity.
➢ Requires Stable Power Supply.
➢ Moving parts and motors may require regular lubrication and inspection.

APPLICATION
➢ They can be used to place holes with higher accuracy on engine heads, blocks
and cylindrical shells.
➢ This machine can be Used in making furniture.

12
 CHAPTER 7

DESIGN SPECIFICATION AND CALCULATION

A. Specification Of Motor:
Type- Direct Current (DC)
Rated voltage- 24 volt
Speed- 10000 revolutions per minute (rpm)
Diameter – 36 millimeter (mm)
Current- 0.2 ampere – 1.2 ampere
Power – 2.4 watt – 15 watt
Shaft diameter – 3.17 millimeter (mm)
Shaft length – 14 millimeter (mm)
Material – Aluminium (Al)
Color – Black
B. Specification Of Rotating Arm:
1st Arm i.e. Outer Arm – 300 mm (Quantity-2)
2nd Arm i.e. lnner Arm – 300 mm (Quantity-1)
C. Specification Of Chuck:
Diameter (Outside) – 21 millimeter (mm)
Range Of Clamping- 0.3 millimeter (mm) – 4 millimeter (mm)
Taper – 6 millimeter (mm)
D. Specification Of Drill Bit:
Type- brad point bit
Diameter – 3 millimeter (mm)
Length – 60 millimeter (mm)
Material – Hight Speed Steel (HSS).

13
Cutting Parameters
A. Calculation of V (Cutting Speed):
As,V= ( π*D*N)/60
N=1750
V= (π*3*1750)/60 = 274.88 mm/sec
B. Calculation of f (Feed Rate):
Feed rate = 40 mm/min
C. Calculation of d (depth of cut):
As, d = (D/2)
So, d=(3/2) =1.5mm
Calculation of Material Removal Rate (MRR):
MRR = (π*D2/4)*f*N/60
MRR = (π*32/4)*40*1750/60 = 8246.68 mm3/sec
D. Calculation of Machining Time:
As, t = (L/f)
L is the length of the hole which is to be drilled which equals 100 mm.
f is the feed of drill which equals 40 mm/min.
t = 100/40 = 2.5 minutes.
E. Calculation of Torque:
Power(p) equals 15 watts.
N equals 1750 rpm
P = (2*π*N*T)/60
Torque(T) = (P*60/2*π*N)
T = (15*60/2*π*1750) = 0.08185 N-m
T = 81.85 N-mm

14
 CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION
So with the help of this project we can remove many disadvantages of hand drill
machine and this mechanism is not costly, so it will be affordable to any one. We
can mount this mechanism horizontally as well as vertically depending on where to
drill. This project is an efficient operation and competitive cost. Since a number of
operation and hole can be performed in a simple unit. It is efficient and economical.
Considering its uses and cost of project, it becomes relatively cheap when compared
to other unit.

15
 CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES
[1]. Lokesh Kumar Sahu, Pranesh Mohan Mishra , et al. 2018, Design &
Fabrication of 360° Flexible Drilling Machine , International Journal for
Scientific Research & Development (IJSRD).

[2]. G.Prasanth Kumar1, P.Guna Sekhar2, et al. 2018, Design & Fabrication of
360° Flexible Drilling Machine, International Journal of Engineering Trends
and Applications (IJETA).

[3]. Prof. Arpit G. Mahure1, Mr. Sumit S. Bijwe2, et al. 2019, 360 Degree Flexible
Drilling Machine, IJIRT.

[4]. Samarth Bhaduwala1, Avirat Varia2, et al. 2019, DESIGN AND

FABRICATION OF 360 DEGREE FLEXIBLE DRILLING MACHINE,
JETIR.

[5]. Gurpreet Singh, Lakshay Kishore, et al. 2020, 360 Degree Flexible Drilling
Machine, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering
(IJRTE).

[6]. Dr. Ravi kumar M1, Sri Jaivatsan M2, et al. 2021, 360 DEGREE DRILLING
MACHINE, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET).

[7]. Neha Prajapati, Satyam Yadav, et al. 2021, 360 Degree Flexible Drilling
Machine, International journal of advances in engineering and management
(IJAEM).

[8]. Padave Siddhesh1, Pawar Bhushan2, et al. 2021, DESIGN AND

FABRICATION OF MULTIANGLE DRILLING MACHINE, VIVA-Tech
International Journal for Research and Innovation.

[9]. Nausheen Shaikh1, Snehal Kokitkar2, et al. 2022, 360o FLEXIBLE

DRILLING MACHINE, JETIR.

[10]. Dr. A.K. Madan*1, Bhavya Joshi*2, et al. 2022, DESIGN AND FABRICATION
OF 360 DEGREE FLEXIBLE DRILLING MACHINE, International Research
Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science.

[11]. Mithun Siloriya*1, Adarsh Kumar Dubey*2, et al. 2023, 360 Degree Flexible Drilling
Machine , International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews.

[12]. Vishal D. Panchal, Yogesh Gurjar, et al. 2024, A Review on 360° DRILLING
MACHINE, IJNRD.

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