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Contents 3. (i) −4.5 __(ii) −1.45 OR 3.45 (iii) −1.45 ø x ø 3.45 (iii) (a) Range = [−7, 5] (b) One-to-one (iv) (a) Range = R \ {0} (ii)+(iii) After roughly 1.25 days 47. (i) 9 billion (ii) 2019 Exercise 7.4
(iv) x = 1 ±√6 8. (i) 16 (ii) 0.6 OR 6.9 (b) One-to-one (v) (a) Range = [2, ∞) (b) Not one-to-one (iii) 0.4% 48. (i) 72 ° C (ii) 5 mins (iii) 32 mins
49. 2.4 (mol cm−3) Over the Frst interval of 0−30 seconds 1. (i) 39 (ii) 8 (iii) 27 (iv) 4 3 (v) 25 (vi) 52 2. (i) 4
(iii) 0.6 ø x ø 6.9 (iv) 0 ø x ø 0.6 OR 6.9 ø x ø 8 (vi) (a) Range = R (b) One-to-one (vii) (a) Range = [−1, 1]
9. (i) x = −2.6 OR x = 0.6 (ii) −3 ø x ø −2.6 OR 0.6 ø x ø 2 (b) Not one-to-one (viii) (a) Range = [0, ∞) (b) One-to-one 50. (ii) 1.27 tonnes (iii) 22% (iv) F = − __ 7
w + 2.2 (ii) x (iii) 2 (iv) 5 (v) 5 (vi) x 3. (i) _1_ (ii) −2 (iii) 1__
75 2 2
10. (ii) 2 seconds or 4 seconds (iv) 0.2 seconds 5. Yes 6. No 7. Yes 8. No 9. No 10. No 11. No (iv) 0 (v) __13 (vi) 1 (vii) 2 (viii) 3 4. (i) 4 (ii) 4 (iii) 3
(v) 1.3 metres 11. (ii) 500 units (iii) €2,500 (iv) 400 units 12. Yes 13. (i) a (ii) b (iii) d 14. (i) Is a function Exam Questions 5
__
or 600 units (v) 725 units (vi) P is a function of Q because (ii) Is not a function (iii) Is a function (iv) Is not a function (iv) 3 (v) 3 (vi) 3 (vii) −7 (viii) −4 5. (i) 7.39 (ii) 4.48
each value of Q is assigned to only one value of P. 15. (i) Bijective (ii) None of the above 1. (a) maximum of f = 20, minimum of f = −4 (b) f is not (iii) 1.11 (iv) 1.10 (v) −1.60 (vi) 2.73 (vii) 0.81
12. (ii) 300 (iii) €90 (iv) No (iii) Subjective only (iv) Injective only 16. (i) No injective (viii) 2.40 8. (i) log 10 (ii) log 5 (iii) log 6 (iv) log 2
(ii) If f: R ° (−∞, 2] 17. ( a) f is not injective 18. ( a) f is not p
___ 10a 3
____
(v) log 3 __ (vi) log 3 __ 9. (i) x = 1 (ii) x = 9 (iii) x = 5
Exercise 6.3 injective 19. ( a ) f is injective 20. f: N → E: x → 2x
21. f: N → 0: x → 2x − 1 22. f: N → M: x → −2x 23. (i) Yes Chapter 7 √q √b
(iv) x = 3 10. (i) x = 29 (ii) x = 2 (iii) x = 4 (iv) x = 2
Resources 1. (i) y = (x − 6)__2 (ii)x = 6 (iii) (6,0);x = 6 2. (i) f(x) = (x + 1)2 − 7
(ii) x = −1 ±√7 (iii) (−1,−7); x = −1 3. (i) g(x) = (x − 3)2 − 25
(ii) No 25. (i) Is a bijection (ii) Not a bijection
(iii) Is a bijection 26. Yes 27. Yes 28. (i) Yes (ii) Yes
Exercise 7.1 10
11. (i) ______
log 2 7
(ii)
log10100
_______ log10500
_______
(iii) log 4
loge 20
12. (i) _____
log104 log102 loge 4
(ii) x = −2 OR x = 8 (iii) (3,−25); x = 3 4. (i) f(x) = 2(x + 1) 2 − 9 6. (i) 5.8 = 6 to the nearest whole number (ii) 2.6 7. (i) 1 10
__ (iii) Yes 29. (i) No (ii) No (iii) No loge 30 log e40 1 1
3 √2
(ii) x = −1 ±___ (iii) (−1,−9); x = −1 5. (i) f(x) = 3(x + 2)2 − 8 (ii) 3 9. (i) x = 0 (ii) An axial symmetry in the y-axis _____
(ii) log 5 _____ __ __
(iii) log 6 13. (i) 4 log 2x (ii) 2 log2 (x + 4)
2 10. (i) 109 (ii) 206 (iii) 78 (iv) e 5 (v) 45 (vi) e−3 e e
Exercise 6.8 (iii) 13 log 2 (3x − 2) 14. (i) x = 12 (ii) x = 12 (512 − 1)
__
__ __ __
2 √6
(ii) x = −2 ± 3 (iii) (−2,−8); x = −2 6. (i) g(x) = (x + 1)2 − 4
___
_____ ______ (vii) −5 7 (viii) 1036 (ix) e4 (x) e25 11. (i) −3 3 (ii) 220
1. x__ x−1
2. ____ x+4
3. ____
4. + √x − 6 5. − √−1 − x 7. f is (iii) −5 19 (iv) 33 (v) 412 (vi) −1 (vii) −63 (viii) 63 12. (i) 18
__
(iii) x = 46 = 4,096 (iv) x = 25 (v) x = −2
1
__
(ii) x = −3 OR__x = 1 (iii) (−1,−4); x = −1 7. (i) y = 7 − (x + 2)2 2 3 6
invertible 8. f is invertible 9. g is not invertible 10. h is 1
__ 1
__ 1
__ 4
__ 1 1
__ 1
(viii) ___
__
(ii) x = −2 ±√ 7 (iii) (−2,7); x = −2 8. (i) y = 13 − (x − 2)2 (ii) 49 (iii) 16 (iv) 81 (v) 81 (vi) 8 (vii) 32 200 15. (i) x = 0 OR x = 5 (ii) x ≈ 8.34 (iii) x ≈ 7.03 × 1016
___
invertible
____ 11. f is invertible 12. g is not invertible
(ii) x = 2 ±√13 (iii) (2,13); x = 2 9. (i) h(x) = 15 − 2(x + 1) 2 x+5
____ 1
__ 1 1
(ix) 10 (x) 6 (xi) 2 (xii) 27 (xiii) 4 (xiv) ___
__ __
13. (i) 7 1
__ __1 1 (iv) x ≈ 1.53 16. (i) x = 2.32 OR x = 1.58 (ii) x = 1.00
+ 3 14. 1 x− x 15. ln x 16. ( i) log2 x 17. 13 log2(2 x)
__
13. ____ √ ____ 243
√30
(ii) x = −1 ± ___
___

(iii) (−1,15); x = −1 10. (i) g(x) = 2 − (x − 2)2

2 √ (ii) 3 (iii) 2 (iv) 2 (v) 1 (vi) 6 (vii) 3 (viii) 2 (ix) 11
(iii) x = 0.70 (iv) x = 0.18 (v) x = −1.00 17. x = 1
2 __ 18. b x − 1 18. (i) x = 0.77 OR x = 0.63 (ii) x = −0.25 (iii) x = 0.58
(ii) x = 2 ± √2 (iii) (2,2); x = 2 11. (i) g(x) = 43
__
− 3( x − 73 )
__ 2 14. (i) 2 (ii) 3 (iii) 10 (iv) 4 (v) 6 (vi) 4 15. (i) −2
3 (iv) x = 0.39 OR x = 0.90 (v) x = 0.30 19. (i) x = 1
Bookmarks (ii) −4 (iii) −10 (iv) 2 (v) 2 (vi) 2 16. (i) a5 (ii) a9 (iii) a 14
___

(ii) x =
7 ± √43
______
(iii) ( 3 , 3 ); x = 3 12. (i) 2(x − 2)2 − 4
7
__ 43
__ __7
(ii) −4 Revision Exercises __1 __7 (ii) x = e 2 (iii) x = −1
__1
__ (iv) x = 3 20. (i) x = 5__ (ii) x = 4
− 12
__
3 (iv) a 2 (v) a 2 (vi) a −3 (vii) a 17. (i) 1,000 (ii) 25
(iii) x = 2 (iv) x = e7 21. (i) x = 12 ln 3 = ln√ 3 (ii) x = 13 e2
√
__ __ __
2
(iii)0 13. (i) −3(x + 1) + 12 (ii) 12 (iii) 11 1. (i) −4 (ii) −3 (iii) 96 (iv) 3x2 − 12x + 6 1
___ 32
14. (i) (x − 6)2 − 40 (ii) −40 (iii) 32 x 1 (iii) 32 (iv) 27 (v) 27 (vi) 256 (vii) (viii) ___
2. (i) bb: x → _____
1 − 4x
− 4 (ii) ba: x → _____
2 − 4 (iii) cc: x → x + 6 9 4
125 243
(iii) x = e−5 (iv) x =
1
___
22. (i) x = 2 (ii) x = 11
7
__
x −3
(ix) 5 (x) 9 18. (i) 3 × 5 (ii) 39 × 59 19. 2 2 × 32,
__ __
15. (i) −1(x − 6)2 + 50 (ii) 50 (iii) −22 7e5
1 −x 2 1
(iv) acb: x → ( x ) − 3 (v) bac: x → ________
____
2 −4 2 4,022 × 34,022 20. 2 2 × 52 , 23,202 × 53,202 21. 2 (iii) x = 0 (iv) x ≈ −0.34
x + 6x + 6
(vi) cab: x → ( 1x − 4 ) 3. (i) x = 0.04 OR −2.71 (ii) x = ±0.41
__ 2
Exercise 6.4
2. (i) f(1.5) ≈ 4.9 (ii)x = −0.45, x = 0.6 OR 2 (iii) x ≈ −0.4, 1.15 4. (ii) One (iii) (x − 2) (x2 + 3x + 5) 5. (i) x__ + 3 Exercise 7.5
4 Exercise 7.2
OR 1.45 3. x = −1.55, x = −0.35, x = 1.9 7. x3 8. (x − 2)3 − 6 (ii) f(3) = 3.75, f(−2) = 2.5,f(−8) = 1 (iii) 24 6. (i) 1−1 only 1. (i) 600 (ii) 1,884 (iii) 20 minutes 2. (i) 136,000
9. (i) Shift four units to the left and three units downwards (ii) 1−1 only (iii) 1−1 and onto (iv) Onto only (v) 1−1 only 1. (a) (i) 22 (ii) 23 (iii) 24 (iv) 2 0 (v) 2 –1 (vi) 2–4 (ii) 140,142 (iii) 19.63 years 3. (i) a = 30, b = −18 log e2
__
1 __1
(ii) (x + 4) 3 − 3 10. (i) 12,000 units (ii) 0.65 years 7. (i) 1−1 function (ii) Not a function (iii) Onto function
__
–5 0 2 –1
(vii) 2 (viii) 2 2
(ix) 2 3
(x) 2 (b) (i) 3 (ii) 3 (iii) 3 (ii) 5.30 g (iii) 34.65 days 4. (ii) 0.6977 m (iii) 5,776 years
(iii) At time = 0 years and at time = 2 years (iv) 30,000 units (iv) 1−1 and onto function 8. (i) and (iv) 10. x = 0 ⇒ a = 2, 4
__ 5
__ 9
__
(iv) 3 –3 (v) 3 3 (vi) 36 (vii) 32 (viii) 3 2 (ix) 33 5. (ii) €8,998.91 (iii) 17.67 years 6. (i) 4.8, an acid
Notes 11. (i) 30°C (ii) 13°C (iii) [0.7 minutes, 1.3 minutes] OR
[3.95 minutes, 4 minutes] 12. (ii) €10,480 (iii) €1,670 per year
b
1
__
=4 11. Yes 12. No 13. No 14. (i) Yes (ii) No 2. (i) x = 4 (ii) x = 4 (iii) x = 3 (iv) x = 2 (v) x = 6 (ii) 8.9, a base (iii) 6.3 × 10 −9 moles per litre 7. (i) 7.9
19. (i)16p r2 (ii) 18pr 2 (iii) 729p cm 3 20. 40,000(0.88)t (in €) (vi) x = −5 (vii) x = −3 (viii) x = 0 3. (i) x = 3 (ii) x = 8 (ii) 1.0 × 10 −7 moles per litre 8. Yes 9. (i) 14 years and
(iv) Yes 13. (ii) 495 cm (iii) 2.52 and 6.86 seconds
x+3 3x − 1 23. 1 (iii) x = −11_2_ (iv) x = −3 (v) x = 10 (vi) x = −1 4. (i) x = 7 12
__ 2 months (ii) 10 years and 3 months (iii) 7 years and
21. ____ 22. _____
x
__
(12 − 8x) 24. − 4_x_ 25. 7x
__
3 months 10. 12 years
3 3 4 __1 1 2 3 3
Exercise 6.5 (ii) x = 2 2 (iii) x = 1 2
__
(iv) x = 13
__
(v) x = 4
__
(vi) x = 1 10
__
26. (i) g −1 (x) = __x, h−1 (x) = 1_x_, gh(x) = 3_x_ 27. (i) (a) [0, ∞) → [0, ∞)
9. a = 6, b = 2 10. a = 4, b = 1_2_ 11. (iii) 5 days 18 hours 3
6. (i) x = 4 _1_ (v) x = 4 14
3 1
5. (i) 24 (ii) 23 (iii) 2 2 (iv) 2 22
__
Revision Exercises
_ _
OR (−∞, 0] → [0, ∞) (ii) (a) [−3, ∞) → [0, ∞) OR (−∞, −3] → 2
12. (iii) 60 cm 3 (iv) 3.3 hours 13. (i) P(x) = 15 (1.25) 0.1x, __ __ (ii) x = 7 7. (b) 2 p (c) (i) x = 8 (ii) x = 14 8. (i) x = 2
3
_ 1
_
[0, ∞) (i) (b) √x (ii) (b) √x − 3 28. (i) Not invertible 1. (i) 511 (ii) 36 (iii) 164 (iv) 7−5 (v) 175 (vi) 52
P(x) in millions. (iii) 2035 14. (ii) 170 Wm−2 (ii) x = 1 (iii) x = 3 (iv) x = −1 (v) x = 1 (vi) x = 2 OR 3
__ __
(ii) Not invertible (iii) Is invertible 29. (iii) 220 (iv) 4.19 hours
_
(iii) 172.26 Wm−2 (iv) 1.22 mm 19. (i) Shift two units to 2. (i) a 10 (ii) a24 (iii) a2 (iv) a2 3. (i) 5( √5 + 3√2)
x = 1 9. (i) x = 0 OR x = 2 (ii) x = 1 OR x = 0
the left (ii) g(x) = 2 x − 2 20. 3x − 3 21. 3(4 x − 3) 22. 2 x + 2 + 3 (v) A(1.18) x (vi) P(x) = 125(1.18) x (vii) 223.1 35. (i) x = −1 __
4. (i) 1__
1
_ 3
_ 5. (i) 4a 4, 2 6
(iii) x = −2 OR x = 2 (iv) x = 0 (v) x = −1 OR x = 0 (ii) 20√ 5 (ii) (a) 2 7 (b) 2 2 (iii) x = 2 4
OR x = 1 (ii) x ø −1 OR x ù 1 (iii) −1 , x , 1 _9
8 __ __ __
36. a = −1, b = −2, c = 4 37. (i) 2__ (ii) x = −2, −1 OR 0 (vi) x = 0 10. (i) x = 2 (no solution for negative y) (ii) x = −1 5
__
(ii) 2 4 (iii) 9a5, 3 7 (iv) 3 11 6. (i) 2 √ 2 (ii) 2√ 3
1
__
(iii) 6 √ 6
Exercise 6.6 3
Highlights 11. (ii) x = 2 OR x = 1 __ ____ ____
1 1
__ __ 1
__
(iii) There is one real root 39. (i) (a) y = (x + 3)2 (b) x = −3 (iv) −7 − 3 √ 6 (v) 4 − 20 √ 10 (vi) 2 −2 √ 14
7. (i) Multiply the function by 0.5 (ii) 0.5 log 4x 8. y = log5 (x − 5) (c) (−3,0); x = −3 (ii) (a) y = ( x + 1)2 − 9 (b) x = −4 OR x =___2
____ __
7
__ 1__
____
9. y = 3 log6 (x − 3) − 3 10. (i) Domain x . 1; Range: no max., (vii) – √ 15 – 2√ 5 (viii) 2 + 2 √ 35 7. (i) x = 6 (ii) x = 2
(c) (−1,−9); x = −1 (iii) (a) y = 2( x + 2 ) − 2 (b) x = − 2√
1
__ 2 19
__ 1 ± 19
______ Exercise 7.3 19
__ 3
no min. (ii) Domain x . −1; Range: no max., no min. (iii) x =
__
(iv) x = 5 (v) x = 6 8. (i) x = 81 (ii) x = 25
1 4
(c) ( − 2 ,− 2 ); x = − 2 (iv) (a) y = (x + 1)2 + 5 (b) No real roots
(iii) Domain x . 0; Range: no max., no min. (iv) Domain x . 3 ;
__ 1 19
__ __ 1
__ 1. (i) 28 (ii) 250 (iii) 20 (iv) 200 (v) 135 (vi) 400
__ (iii) No solution for x ∈ N (iv) x = 3 9. (a) 13 (b) 18
Range: no max., no min. 2. (i) 4 (ii) 8 (iii) 10 (iv) 3 (v) 5 (vi) 5 3. (i) 2 √2
1
− 3 (x − 2
)
__ 2
(b) x = 13 OR
__ __
(c) (−1,5); x = −1 (v) (a) y =
(ii) x = 2 (iii) x = 0 (iv) x = log e( 3 ) OR x = loge2
__ __ __ __ __ __ 1
3 3 10. (i) x = 3 __
__
(ii) 3 √ 5 (iii) 10√ 3 (iv) 2√ 3 (v) 4 √ 2 (vi) 10 √5 (vii) 3 √ 3
(c) ( 3 , 3 ); x = 3 (vi) (a) y = 3 ( x )
2
__ 1 2 __2 2 __7 2 ± √7
Exercise 6.7 x=1
__ __
−3 − 3 (b) x = 3
______ __ __ __ ___ __ __ __
(v) x = 9 OR x = −3 11. (i) x = 3, y = 8 (ii)x = 2, y = 2.5
__ ___ (viii) 3 √ 6 (ix) 5 √ 3 (x) 7 √ 2 4. √ 50 + √ 8 = 5 √ 2 + 2√ 2 =
( − 73 ); x = 23 40. (i) x = 6 ± 3 √5 (ii) x = −5 ± √29
1. (i) Surjective (ii) Surjective (iii) Not surjective 2
__ __ __ __ ___ ___ __ __ __ _____ ___
(c) 3
, 7√2 5. √ 27 + √ 12 = 3√ 3 + 2√ 3 = 5√ 3 6. √ 125 + √ 20 = (iii) x = 4, y = −1 13. (i) a = 5 (ii) 5 x 14. (b) 5.25 years
(iv) Not surjective (v) Not surjective (vi) Surjective 41. (a) (x + 1)2 − 4 (b) x = 1, x = −3 (c) (−1, −4), x = −1
__ __ __ ___ __ __
5 √ 5 + 2 √ 5 = 7√ 5 7. 3 √ 11 ∴ n = 3 8. (i) 3 √ 2 (ii) √ 7 (c) 0.132 (d) 17.4 years 15. 91.7%
(vii) Not surjective (viii) Surjective (ix) Surjective
2. (i) Injective only (ii) Bijective (iii) Injective only (e) (i) Codomain = [−4, ∞), Range = [−4, ∞] 1
__
__
3
__
__
2
__
___
3
__
___ __
(iii) 2 √ 2 (iv) 5 √ 5 (v) 11 √ 11 (vi) 5 √ 15 (vii) √ 2
Settings (iv) Bijective (v) Surjective only (vi) None of the above
(iii) Domain = [−4, ∞), Range = [1, ∞] 42. 2(3 x )
43. (ii) Missile B (iii) Fre Missile B seven minutes before __
___
__
__ __
__ 1√ 3
(viii) − 23 √ 15 (ix) 15 √ 5 9. (i) 2 +√ 5 (ii) 12 − ____
__

Exam Questions
(vii) Surjective only 3. (iii) 4. (i) (a) Range = {0, 4, 8, 16} 6
Missile A 45. (i) 448, 501.76, 561.97, 629.41, 704.94 __
7
__ 3
__
__
26
__ 7
__
__
43
__ 11
__
___
1. (i) A = 2.920, b = 0.100 (iv) 6.93 2. (i) 0.7851
(b) One-to-one (ii) (a) Range = [2, ∞) (b) Not one-to-one (iii) 20 + 5√ 2 (iv) 22 − 22 √ 3 (v) − 23 + 23 √ 3 (vi) − 74 + 74 √ 11
(iii) Exponent = t, Base = (1 + i) (iv) €580 46. (i) c(x) = 120(0.5x ), __ ___ ___ (ii) 8,900 years 3. (i) y = 77, A = 77 (ii) –0.0339
(vii) 1_5_ + __
1
10 √
101 __
2 (viii) −4 +√ 15 (ix) ___ − 22
37 √
21
37 (iii) 31 minutes

428 ACTIVE MATHS 4 B00K 1 ACTIVE MATHS 4 B00K 1 429

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