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CHEM196 Tutorial 9 Answers_Sem 1_2025

SERTYNTUMY,KMN BVCCVBNHMJ,KK,UIUYKTRBFD VBN MHK,YMUTYRTERD CVCBNJH,YUMTJYHRTGRVFBHGMTJYRTHGRFB BMJUTJYRHTH

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CHEM196 Tutorial 9 Answers_Sem 1_2025

SERTYNTUMY,KMN BVCCVBNHMJ,KK,UIUYKTRBFD VBN MHK,YMUTYRTERD CVCBNJH,YUMTJYHRTGRVFBHGMTJYRTHGRFB BMJUTJYRHTH

Uploaded by

asandelanga4466
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHEM196 Tutorial 9 Quiz Answers

23
Name and Surname : _________________________________________________
Student Number:____________________ Tutor:______________________

1. Calculate the vapour pressure of water above a solution prepared by dissolving


35.0 g of glycerol (C3H8O3) in 125 g of water at 343 K. The vapour pressure of water
at 343 K is 31.16 kPa.
(3)

35.0 𝑔
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑙𝑦𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙 (𝐶 𝐻 𝑂 ) =
92.094 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.380 moles ½

M𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻 𝑂 =
.
= 6.94 moles ½

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 =


.
=
. .
= 0.948 

𝑃 = 𝑋 𝑃° ½
𝑃 = (0.948)(31.16 𝑘𝑃𝑎)
= 29.5 kPa ½

1
2. Calculate the mass of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) that must be added to 1.00 kg of
ethanol (C2H5OH) to reduce its vapour pressure by 1.33 kPa at 35 °C. The vapour
pressure of pure ethanol at 35 °C is 13.3 kPa.
(5)

Vapour pressure ethanol in solution with ethylene glycol:


PA = 13.3 – 1.33
= 11.97 kPa. ½

Vapour pressure of solution = (mole fraction of solvent)(vapour pressure of pure solvent)


𝑃 = 𝑥 𝑃°
11.97 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 𝑥 (13.3 𝑘𝑃𝑎)
𝑥 = 0.900 
Therefore, the mole fraction of ethanol solvent in the solution is 0.900.

Moles ethanol = m / M
= 1.00 x 103 g
46.068 g mol–1
= 21.71 moles ethanol ½

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
21.71 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
0.900 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 24.12 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑔𝑙𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑙 + 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙


24.12 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑔𝑙𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑙 + 21.71 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑔𝑙𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 2.41 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑔𝑙𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑙 

Mass ethylene glycol = nM


= 2.41 moles x 62.068 g mol–1
= 150 g ethylene glycol 

2
3. Explain why a non-volatile solute dissolved in water gives the system a higher
boiling point than water?
(2)

Solute molecules block the solvent molecules from escaping the liquid phase into the
gas phase. 
Therefore, the temperature of the solution must increase so that the vapour pressure
of the liquid can increase  to equal the atmospheric pressure in order for boiling to
occur.

4. What is the boiling point of a 2.00 mol kg–1 solution of sugar in water?
Kb of water is 0.51 °C m–1.
(2)
ΔTb = Kb x m ½
= 0.51 °C m–1 x 2.00 m
= 1.02 °C ½

ΔTb = Boiling point of solution – boiling point of solvent


1.02 °C = Tb(solution) – 100 °C
Boiling Point of sugar solution: 101.02 C 

5. A solution of 14 g of a non–volatile, non–dissociating compound in 1.0 kg of benzene


boils at 81.7 oC. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown compound. The boiling
point of pure benzene is 80.1 oC and Kb of benzene is 2.53 °C m–1.
(3)

ΔTb = Kb x m ½
(81.7 – 80.1 °C) ½ = 2.53 °C m–1 x m
1.6 °C = 2.53 °C m–1 x m
m = 0.632 mol kg–1 ½

Moles solute = 0.632 mol kg–1 x 1.0 kg


= 0.632 mols ½

Mw = 14 g / 0.632 mols = 22 g mol–1 

3
6. Estimate the freezing point of a 2.00 mol kg–1 solution of sugar in water.
Kf of water is 1.86 °C m–1.
(2)

ΔTf = Kf x m ½
= 1.86 °C m–1 x 2.00 m
= 3.72 °C ½

ΔTf = Freezing point of solvent – freezing point of solution


3.72 °C = 0 °C – Tf(solution)
Freezing Point of sugar solution: –3.72 C 

7. What mass of sucrose, C12H22O11, is needed to lower the freezing point of 100 g of
water by 3.00 oC? Kf of water is 1.86 °C m–1.
(3)

ΔTf = Kf x m ½
3 °C = 1.86 °C m–1 x m
m = 1.61 mol kg–1 ½

moles solute = 1.61 mol kg–1 water x 0.100 kg


= 0.161 mols 

mass C12H22O11 = 0.161 mols x 342.30 g mol–1


= 55.1 g 

8. What is the osmotic pressure in kPa of a solution formed by dissolving 44.2 mg of


aspirin (C9H8O4) in 358 cm3 of water at 25 °C?
(3)
Moles of solute = 0.0442 g
180.154 g mol–1
= 2.45 x 10–4 moles aspirin 

πV = nRT
π (0.358 dm3) = (2.45 x 10–4 moles)(8.315 kPa dm3 mol–1 K–1)(25 + 273.15 K)
½ ½ ½
π = 1.70 kPa ½

[23]
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