Homeostasis and Control
Uploaded by
Mazen SabraHomeostasis and Control
Uploaded by
Mazen SabraCan you…?
4.5.1 Homeostasis
Define homeostasis
Name three levels maintained by homeostasis
State that automatic control systems may involve nervous responses or chemical responses
Define receptors, coordination centres and effectors
5.2 The human nervous system
Explain how the structure of the nervous system is adapted to its functions
State the main function of the nervous system
Describe how information from receptors is carried to the brain to coordinate the response
Describe the roles of sensory neurones, relay neurones, motor neurones, synapses and effectors
in a reflex action, and state that reflex actions are automatic and rapid
Identify the cerebral cortex, cerebellum is concerned and medulla on a diagram of the brain
(Biology only)
Describe the function of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum is concerned and medulla (Biology only)
Describe how neuroscientists have been able to map the regions of the brain to particular
functions. (biology only) (HT only)
Relate the structures of the eye to their functions, including accommodation to focus on near or
distant objects and adaptation to dim light. (biology only)
Explain the function of the retina, the optic nerve, the sclera, the iris and the ciliary muscles
(biology only)
Describe myopia and hyperopia and how they are treated with spectacle lenses (biology only)
Describe how new technologies and used to treat eye defects (biology only)
Interpret ray diagrams demonstrating how spectacle lenses correct myopia and hyperopia.
(biology only)
Explain mechanisms to lower or raise body temperature in a given context. (HT only)
5.3 Hormonal coordination in humans
Define hormones and their rate of effect
Describe the functions and main organs of the endocrine system
Describe the function of the pituitary gland
Identify the position of the pituitary gland, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal gland, ovaries and testes on
a diagram of the human body
Explain the role of the pancreas and insulin in the control of blood glucose concentration
Compare Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and explain how they can be treated
Recall that If the blood glucose concentration is too low, the pancreas produces glucagon that
causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood. (HT only)
Explain how glucagon interacts with insulin to control blood glucose (sugar) levels in the body
(HT only)
Explain how the body maintains water and nitrogen balance in the body
Recall that excess water, ions and urea are removed via the kidneys in the urine.
Explain the role of the liver in deaminated to form ammonia and that ammonia is toxic and so it is
immediately converted to urea for safe excretion. (HT only)
The kidneys produce urine by filtration of the blood and selective reabsorption of useful
substances such as glucose, some ions and water
Describe the role of ADH in controlling the water level in the body (HT only)
Know how people who suffer from kidney failure may be treated.
State that during puberty reproductive hormones cause secondary sex characteristics to develop.
State that testosterone is the main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it
stimulates sperm production.
Explain the interactions of hormones in the control of the menstrual cycle. (HT only)
Evaluate the different hormonal and non-hormonal methods of contraception.
Explain the use of hormones to treat infertility (HT only)
State some problems with fertility treatment
Explain negative feedback (HT only)
State two hormones that are controlled by negative feedback and their function (HT only)
