Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

Module 5: Polynomial Equations

OBJECTIVES Practice: Turned in?

4-4 Dividing Polynomials Yes
1) I can divide polynomials by using long division and synthetic division. 4-4 HW
No
5-1 Solving Polynomial Equations by Graphing Yes
1) I can solve polynomial equations by graphing. 5-1 WS
No
5-2 Solving Polynomial Equations Algebraically
Yes
1) I can solve polynomial equations by factoring and by writing them in quadratic
5-2 HW
form.
No

Module 5 Quiz

5-4 The Remainder and Factor Theorems

Yes
1) I can evaluate and factor functions by using the Remainder and Factor
5-4 HW
Theorems.
No
5-5 Roots and Zeros
Yes
1) I can determine the numbers and types of roots of polynomial equations, find
5-5 HW
zeros, and use zeros to graph polynomial functions.
No
Yes
Module 5 Review Module 5 Review
No

Module 5 Test
 Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

4-4 Dividing Polynomials 612152

1) I can divide polynomials by using long division and synthetic division.

111
Warm-Up: Use long division to simplify.

it
a) 1597 6 b) 7349 12

2664 61272

• Polynomials must be in standard form.

Dividing Polynomials • Fill in 0’s for any missing terms.

• If there is a remainder, it goes over the divisor in your final answer.

Solve the following using long division:

IFI X
(
1. x + 11x + 39 x + 45  ( x + 5)
3 2
) ( )
2. x − 27  ( x − 3)
3

ni
IiiGyXLE4
91
x3 t.EE
6711,3 19 1

( 2 3
)
3. 12 x + 8 x + 5 + 6 x  (2 x + 1) 4. ( x + 3 x − 13 x − 15)  ( x − 2 x − 3)
3 2 2

I fff iii HEY

tt
ee.fi
IE
18 4

Ax2Axtlt
1
12
4
Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

• Same principles as long division as far as:

o Standard Form; Missing Terms; Remainder goes over the Divisor

Synthetic Division
• Works best with a LINEAR Divisor (x – r)

o Solve factor and use x = r

Divide the polynomial using synthetic division.

(
1. x − 2 x − 22 x + 40  ( x − 4 ) ) ( )
2. x − 5 x − 20 x − 32  ( x + 8)
1
3 2 3 2

58
118 8
fflg flies
t.EE
hd IiEn
Femander

2
2
13 84 7
1 2 14 4
3. (x 5
)
+ 6 x 3 − 5 x 4 + 5 x − 15  (x − 3) 4. ( x − 27)  ( x − 3)
3

5 5 463 0 2 5 15 3 2
0 0 27
n

XP 2 3 5
119
x2 3 9

x
5.
4𝑥 4 −37𝑥 2 +4𝑥+9
2𝑥−1 2x 3
2
2 1 1

1
2
2 3
224 18 7
2 0 2

ÉE

2
 Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

5-1 Solving Polynomial Equations by Graphing

1) I can solve polynomial equations by graphing.

Warm-Up: Graph the following equations. Then state the solutions.

a) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 5)2 + 1 b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 4
2 312 613
flip left up 2 44 9 14
by 2416 4 0
solutions 46
gy
ki
1
solutions
12
Steps for sketching polynomials:
negal even
1. 𝑦 = −𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 Is no erclept
0
1. Factor and solve for zeros (x-intercepts)
go.in

iii
i ii
2. Decide if the polynomial is even or odd based on

was
the ___________________________ degree

coefficient
3. Decide if the leading _______________________
is positive or negative
4. Decide which direction the ends are going to go
intercept
rough
constant
5. Connect the dots
y sketch

IIact
degree

poof
if at
Right side based
is always up
or down on 1
evendegree ends
go same way
 Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

no constant
intercept o 3.Positifoddy intercept 0,12
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥
y
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 12
y
posttivetodd

GCF X2 4
Factoring
YEBEE3
Xt2 X 2 x
Dos 2 X 2 pos
3
2 2
X0 X 2 4 2

N
991
negative
fdpf.to
nq.ggstgt o
4. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 5. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 3 − 18𝑥 + 90 noy

ae.EEssit EEs
iim
x0 X 5 3 x2
grouping

msn.EE EEE s

W
Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

5-2 Solving Polynomial Equations Algebraically

1) I can solve polynomial equations by factoring and by writing them in quadratic form.

Warm-Up: Use the zero product property to solve each of the following polynomial equations.

1. (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) = 0 2. 3𝑥(𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 3. (3𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 9) = 0

X2 0 3 0 3 0 7 0 1 0
x 2 3 X 0 7,1 8 5319
Factor the following polynomials. DO NOT SOLVE. (Hint: Always look for the GCF First)
a. x3 − 5 x 2 − 6 x b. 3x3 − 27 x c. 3x 3 + 9 x 2 − 162 d. x 4 − 9 x 2 + 14

x2 5 6 3 9
2
3 3 54 7 X2
x 61 1 3 1 31 3 31 29 x 6
Factor the following polynomials by grouping.
e. x 3 + 6 x 2 − 5 x − 30 f. x 3 + 4 x 2 + 2 x + 8 g. x 3 − x 2 + 2 x + 2
II
s text 21 4 x x1 2 x D
2 X1
1421 4 x
x2 5 1 6

Special Cases: Sum and Difference of Cubes.

a 3 + b3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 − abPPS
+ b 2 ) a3 − b3 = ( acrer
or or so sopps
− b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 )
13 =
(SUM) (DIFFERENCE)
23 =
a. x +8
3
23 8 b. x − 343
3
g
Crummy =
3
3
7 2
2 X2 2 22 Cube root 43 =
64
1 771 47 49 53 =
125
2 x2 2 4 Crummy
cuberoot 63 =
216
73 =
8 x 3 + 125
12 5 squared 343
1 1s
c.
83 =
o opposite 512
93 =
product 729
2 5 127 52
5121 p 103 =
1000
2
10 25
p plus
2 5 4 5 squared
 Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

Solve the following by factoring and using the zero product property.

1. x 3 − 6 x 2 − 27 x = 0 2. x 3 = 25 x

x2 6 27
355
x 91 3
90 3 0 51
to
6 11 5 0
0,9 3 0 515

2 3
3. -3x + 28x = x 4. x 4 − 5 x 2 − 6 = 0 quadratic
3 2
28 0
3 x2 61
2
1 axe.GE c
x2 3 28 x2 6 0 41 0

7 X 4 Ff FF
X0 70 X 4 0 X R
X 0 7,4
5. x3 − x 2 = −2 x − 2 6. 2𝑥 3 − 16 = 0

3 0
3
2 2
2
0 2 8
21 11 21 1 21 2
Efffactors
2 X 1 do quad
formula
1 0
22 0
2
LIFE
X 1 B I 2212 2123
8 2 11 B IIIB
Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

5-4 The Remainder and Factor Theorems

1) I can evaluate and factor functions by usi9ng the Remainder and Factor Theorems.

Remainder Theorem/ For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder upon division by x – a is p(a).
Synthetic Substitution

Example: Evaluate 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 7 when 𝑥 = 5 using the remainder theorem. Then verify using direct
substitution.

5 12
p
51,1hL past 5 417
25 20 17 12

Example: Use synthetic substitution to find 𝑓(−3) if 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 9.

3 2 0 3 15 9

KÉ
f 3 81
x3 − 13x − 12
Example: Determine what the remainder is of without dividing.
x+3
3

14134 2 0
remainder 0
 Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

Factor Theorem The binomial x – a is a factor of the polynomial p(x) if and only if p(a) = 0.

Example: Show that 𝑥 + 8 is a factor of 2𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 24. Then find the remaining factors of the polynomial.

x 8
82
ly Emeaissa factor
2
2
3
Factored 8 2 31 1
form
Example: Determine if 𝑥 − 5 is a factor of 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1.
3

213T
not a factor

Let 𝑝 be the factors of the constant, and let 𝑞 be the factors of the leading
Rational Root Theorem coefficient. Then the list of all possible rational roots for a given polynomial is given
𝑝
by the set 𝑞

Example: Find the list of possible rational roots for each equation. Then find the rational solutions.

2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 5 − 15𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 21

141,317,21T
P
1,33
Q
P B 11
1,317,21113
Q 151,23 Pa
Ii 1,1
Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

5-5 Finding Roots

1) I can determine the numbers and types of roots of polynomial equations
2) I can find zeros of a polynomial using division and factoring

Warm-Up: Graph each of the following polynomials using your graphing calculator. Then write the degree and
number of solutions (including multiplicity).

a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 b. 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)2 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥

Degree: 2
________ Degree: 2
________ Degree: 3
________

# of Solutions:
2
________ 2
# of Solutions: ________
1 withmutt2
3
# of Solutions: ________

What do you notice about the degree and number of terms for each of the above polynomials?
solutions

degree ofsolutions
Now graph each of the following polynomials using your graphing calculator. Then write the degree and number of
solutions (including multiplicity).

d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4 e. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 3 f. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥

Degree: 2
________ Degree: 3
________ Degree:
4
________

0
# of Solutions: ________ 1
# of Solutions: ________
2
# of Solutions: ________

Does your idea from above work for these polynomials as well? Explain why this might be the case.

No complex solutions

Fundamental
the degree of a polynomial is equal
to the total number of solutions real imay
Theorem of
Algebra

For each of the polynomials, write the degree and number of solutions (including multiplicity). DO NOT GRAPH

g. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 + 7 h. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 6 i. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5

Degree: 5
________ Degree:
6
________ Degree: 1
________

5
# of Solutions: ________ 6
# of Solutions: ________
1
# of Solutions: ________
Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

Steps to solving a polynomial function using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra:

1. Graph/Rational Root Theorem Use your graphing calculator to estimate the roots. Alternatively, you may need to use the
rational root theorem instead. (You will need at least one root to continue)
2. Synthetic Division
Use synthetic division to divide by the root.
3. Factoring/Quadratic Formula
Solve the remaining equation using any method to find remaining roots.
3 2
a.𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 8 = 0 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2
solutions Pa111248 Goutions
Pajj

sekiiman.at t oence e
ff save using
the
p it ii
2,215
solutions

IE
completing
14 2 squareformula
or
quadratic
X 21 2 4 2
factoredform 2 x2 4 1

c. 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 12 = 0 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 21𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 11

Isolutions Pf 4331461123
utions
PE.EE23
pla 1,213,416,12 4 Pla 411,1

f fsoution
EE.fi X solutions
1 3,12 ff X

12iX 1X 3 FII.my 1ff

2 4 X 1 3
1
 Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

5-6 Writing Polynomials

1) I can use a polynomial’s zeros to write a polynomial equation
2) I can find complex conjugate roots
3) I can find complex irrational roots

Complex Conjugate Root Theorem If a + bi is a root of a polynomial equation with real-number coefficients,

a bi
then ___________ is also a root
Irrational Root Theorem If 𝑎 + 𝑏√𝑐is a root of a polynomial equation with rational coefficients, then

a bro
____________ is also a root.
Multiplicity
thenumberof times a solution occurs
Write a polynomial function, P, in factored form and in standard form by using the given information.
3 1
1. 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = − 4 2. 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑥 = −1

É2
so
Fact
I 2x 1 1
x 24 3

a.EE E.IT
1x 5x 6 stfordahd
fix 4 2
3 2
X

Alternate
3. 𝑥 = 2𝑖 , 𝑥 = 3 (𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 2) way 4. 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 3𝑖

st
ftp.t.fi IEfmay
iiE
3
WE
2
2
9
3 2 219 18
flx

t.fi
ttttiai
n flx
X1 6 3 13 2 21 36
 Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ______

5. 𝑥 = √5, 𝑥 = 2 6. 𝑥 = 5𝑖, 𝑥 = 2 − 2𝑖

B x B x 2

13 2
www.n
x2 5 X 2
2
5 10
iiiifntiiiififeng.fiiifiiiii
flx
42524 3100 84200
2
f x X1 1 3 33 100 200

7. 𝑥 = −2 − √3, 𝑥 = −2 + √3, 𝑥 = 5 8. 𝑥 = −2√3, 𝑥 = 4

iE
ei
identities i.IE 2
12 X 4

2x 4 25 fly
3
4 212 48

erif.EE
Etor f
x X3 x2 19 5
9. 𝑥 = −1 + √3, 𝑥 = −2 10. 𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑖, 𝑥 = 4

x 12 121 4
IE fIfkt2 f 2X
12

EE
X32x22x 2x2 Kx EII.IE
34 2 4 2 x3
2 flx
2x2 5x Px28x
3 2
flx 6 13 20