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Statistics_and_Probability_Presentation

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Jameel Mohammed
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2 views

Statistics_and_Probability_Presentation

Uploaded by

Jameel Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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USING PIVOT TABLES FOR FREQUENCY

TABLES, CHARTS, AND STATISTICAL


ANALYSIS
An overview of key concepts and methods
Lesson Objectives:
• Understand how to create
frequency tables using Pivot
USING PIVOT Tables.
TABLES FOR
FREQUENCY TABLES, • Learn how to create charts from
CHARTS, AND
STATISTICAL ANALYS frequency tables.
IS
• Use functions to calculate mean,
mode, median, and interquartile
range (IQR).
Definition: Statistics is a
branch of mathematics
used to make decisions by
gathering, analyzing, and
predicting information.

Applications: Health,
sports, student
STATISTICS performance, population
trends, income growth, etc.

Importance: Essential for


solving problems using
systematic investigation.
Population: All
members of a group.

POPULATIONS Sample: A subset


AND SAMPLES selected for analysis.

Census involves
studying every
member; usually
impractical.
Population vs. Sample:
Population includes all
members, while a sample is a
subset.
SAMPLE
STATISTICS Census: Data collected from
AND every member of a population.

POPULATIO
N Descriptive Statistics:
Summarizing and analyzing
PARAMETE sample data.

RS Inferential Statistics: Making


predictions about a population
(beyond the scope of this
course).
Qualitative
Variables: Non-
numerical, categorical
TYPES OF (e.g., gender, ice
cream flavours).
VARIABLE
S Quantitative
Variables: Numerical,
can be discrete
(specific values) or
continuous (any value
within a range).
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

RAW DATA IS FREQUENCY TABLES TYPES: UNGROUPED


UNPROCESSED; HARD SUMMARIZE DATA FOR AND GROUPED
TO INTERPRET. EASIER ANALYSIS. DISTRIBUTIONS.
Definition: A Pivot Table
is a data summarization
tool that automatically
organizes, counts, and
WHAT IS A totals data from a
dataset.
PIVOT
TABLE? Purpose: Helps quickly
summarize large
datasets and identify
patterns.
• Step 1: Select data range (e.g.,
student scores).
• Step 2: Insert → Pivot Table.
CREATING A PIVOT
TABLE FOR
• Step 3: Drag the data field (e.g.,
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUT scores) into the "Rows" area.
ION

• Step 4: Drag the same field into


the "Values" area and set it to
count occurrences.
DATA VISUALIZATION

Pie Charts: Show Bar Charts: Histograms: Frequency


proportions. Compare discrete Display Polygons: Show
data. continuous data. distribution
trends.
Step 1: After
creating the Pivot
Table, select the
data.

CREATING
CHARTS FROM Step 2: Insert →
Recommended
FREQUENCY TAB Charts.
LES

Step 3: Choose a
suitable chart
(e.g., bar chart,
histogram) to
visualize the
frequency data.
Mean:
Arithmetic
average.

MEASURES
OF Median: Middle
value of ordered
CENTRAL data.
TENDENCY
Mode: Most
frequently
occurring value.
CALCULATING MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
Definition: The
mean is the sum of
Formula:
Calculating Mean all data values
=AVERAGE(range)
divided by the
number of values.

Definition: The
mode is the value
Formula:
Calculating Mode that appears most
=MODE(range)
frequently in a
dataset.

Definition: The
Calculating Formula: median is the
Median =MEDIAN(range) middle value in a
sorted dataset.
 Range: Difference between the
largest and smallest values.

MEASURES  Interquartile Range:

OF Difference between the upper

SPREAD and lower quartiles.

 Standard Deviation: Indicates


how far scores are from the
mean.
• Formula: =QUARTILE(range, 3) -
CALCULATING QUARTILE(range, 1)
INTERQUARTI
LE RANGE
• Definition: The IQR is the range between the 1st
(IQR)
and 3rd quartiles, showing the middle 50% of
data.
SUMMARY

• Key Concepts:
• Pivot Tables help create frequency tables.
• Pivot charts provide visual representation of data.
• Functions like mean, mode, median, and IQR help analyze
data.
SUMMARY

• Key Concepts:
• Pivot Tables help create frequency tables.
• Pivot charts provide visual representation of data.
• Functions like mean, mode, median, and IQR help analyze
data.

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