Practise Worksheet

Forest and Wildlife Resources

A. Choose and write the correct Option
1. The species which are in danger of extinction are called:
(a) Vulnerable species
(b) Rare species
(c) Endangered species
(d) Normal species
2. The forest cover in our country has recently increased due to:
(a) Increase in natural forest growth
(b) Increase in net sown area
(c) Plantation by different agencies
(d) None of the above
3. The species whose population has declined to a level from where it is likely to move into the
endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate are called:
(a) Endemic species
(b) Extinct species
(c) Vulnerable species
(d) Normal species
4. Substantial parts of the tribal belts in north eastern India, have been deforested by:
(a) Shifting cultivation
(b) Mining
(c) Infrastructure development
(d) None of the above
5. Species which are only found in some particular areas isolated by geographical barriers are called:
(a) Extinct species
(b) Endemic species
(c) Rare species
(d) Critical species
6. The Himalayan yew is:
(a) an insect
(b) a medicinal plant
(c) a mammal
(d) a bird
7. The Himalayan yew is found in parts of:
(a) Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Punjab and Haryana
(c) West Bengal and Kerala
(d) Madhya Pradesh and Goa
8. Extensive planting of a single commercially valuable species is called:
(a) Jhumming
(b) Intensive subsistence farming
(c) Mixed farming
(d) Enrichment plantation
9. Which one of the following is not responsible for the decline in India’s biodiversity?
(a) Mining activities
(b) Hunting and poaching
(c) Forest fire
(d) Afforestation
10. Which one of the following is not a direct outcome of environmental destruction?
(a) Biological loss
(b) Loss of cultural diversity
(c) Severe droughts
(d) River Valley Projects
11. We need to conserve our forests and wildlife:
(a) to preserve the ecological diversity
(b) to preserve the genetic diversity
(e) for maintenance of aquatic biodiversity
(d) so that we are able to over-extract plant and animal species
12. The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in:
(a) 1972
(b) 1971
(c) 2010
(d) 1982
13. Unclassed forests are mainly found in:
(a) All north-eastern states and parts of Gujarat
(b) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(c) Punjab and Haryana
(d) West Bengal and Bihar
14. Sacred Groves are:
(a) parts of large forests that have been left untouched by the local people.
(b) places for grazing animals.
(c) forests earmarked for commercial felling of trees.
(d) forests used for planting trees with medicinal properties
15. The Chipko Movement in the Himalayas to protect the forest cover was started by
(a) Sunder Lai Bahuguna
(b) Dr Anil Agarwal of CSE
(c) Dr Aruna Roy of Kisan Mazdur Vikas
(d) Medha Patkar
16. Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
(a) Agricultural expansion
(b) Large-scale development projects
(c) Grazing and fuel wood collection
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
17. Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?
(a) Joint forest management
(b) Beej Bachao Andolan
 (c) Chipko Movement
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries
18. During 1960s and 1970s, the conservationists demanded which protection programme?
(a) National wildlife protection
(b) Indian wildlife protection
(c) Project Tiger
(d) Beej Bachao Andolan
19. Which forests and wastelands belongs to both governmental and non-governmental communities?
(a) Protected forests
(b) Reserved forests
(c) Unclassed Forests
(d) Tropical Forests
20. In 1991, for the first time were added to the list of Wildlife Act?
(a) six species
(b) tiger
(c) fishes
(d) plants
21. Which states have the largest percentages of reserved forests in compared to other states in India?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Himanchal Pradesh
(d) Odisha
22. In which year, the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented?
(a) 1970
(b) 1971
(c) 1972
(d) 1974
23. Clearing of forests is still continuing in Madhya Pradesh mainly due to which of the following
reasons?
(a) Dolomite mining
(b) Commercial plantations
(c) Industrialisation and Urbanisation
(d) Narmada Sagar (River Valley Project)
24. Which one of the following is located in West Bengal?
(a) Corbett National Park
(b) Sundarbans National Park
(c) Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary
(d) Bandhavgarh National Park
25. In which one of the following states is Periyar Tiger Reserves Located?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Assam
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Kerala
26. What was the aim of the Chipko movement?
 (a) Human rights
(b) Political rights
(c) Agricultural expansion
(d) Forest conservation
27. The Buxa Tiger Reserve is situated in which of the following states?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) West Bengal
(c) Gujarat
(d) Odisha
28. What are reserved forests?
(a) Forest that are reserved for conservation of forests and wildlife resources,
(b) Forest land is protected from any further depletion.
(c) Forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals an communities.
(d) Forest land reserved for wood resources.
29. Which movement in the Himalayas has successfully resisted deforestation?
(a) The Himalayan movement
(b) Chipko movement
(c) Save Forests movement
(d) Save trees movement
30. What does Joint Forest Management (JFM) furnish?
(a) Diversified crop production
(b) No use of pesticides
(c) Involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests
(d) Large-scale production
31. Which forests are also referred to as permanent forest estates maintained for the purpose of
producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons?
(a) Reserved forests
(b) Unclassed forests
(c) Tropical forests
(d) National Parks
32. What was the reason for the extinction of Tiger?
(a) Trade of tiger skin and the use of their bones in traditional medicines.
(b) Hunting for fun
(c) Killing by the locals for protection from attacks
(d) Poisoning them
33. What percentage of the total number of species discovered in the world are found in India?
(a) Three percent
(b) Eight percent
(c) Fifteen percent
(d) Thirty percent
34. The Mundas and Santhals of Chhota Nagpur region worship which one of the following trees?
(a) Mahua
(b) Mango
 (c) Peepal
(d) Tamarind
35. The Mundas and Santhals of Chhota Nagpur region worship which one of the following trees?
(a) Mahua
(b) Mango
(c) Peepal
(d) Tamarind
B. The following questions consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A): Organic farming is much in vogue.
Reason(R) : In organic farming crops are grown using high doses of chemical fertilisers and
insecticides.
2. Assertion : Depletion of forests causes a lot of danger.
Reason : Forests are vital for the quality of life and environment
3. Assertion : Forests play a key role in the ecological system.
Reason : Forests are the primary producers on which all other living beings
depend.
4. Assertion: Destruction of forests and wildlife resulted into the loss of cultural
diversity
Reason: The conservation of forests and wildlife is essential to provide a better
quality of life.

5. Assertion : Neglect of our environment has led to the destruction and extinction
of many species of animals and plant life.

Reason: Decreasing Forest cover area is a major reason of destruction of

species.
6. Assertion(A): The destruction of forests and wildlife is just a biological issue.
Reason (R): The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity.
7. Assertion(A): The conservation projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its
components.
Reason (R): In the notification under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies,
moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
8. Assertion(A): In India Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme furnishes a good example for
involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
Reason (R): The programme has been in formal existence since 1988 when the state of Odisha passed
the first resolution for joint forest management.
9. Assertion(A): In many areas, villagers themselves are protecting habitats and explicitly rejecting
government involvement.
Reason (R): The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Gujarat have declared 1,500
hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri'.
10. Assertion(A): Chipko movement was launched by the people of the Himalayas as their fight against
deforestation.
Reason (R): They stood hugging the trees, hence got its name.
C. Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow:

PASSAGE-1
In the 1960s and 1970s, conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme. The
Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting
habitats. An All India list of protected species was also published. The thrust of the programme was
towards protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting,
giving legal protection to their habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife. Subsequently, central and
many state governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries about which you have
already studied. The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific
animals, which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir
stag or hangul, three types of crocodiles - freshwater crocodile, saltwater crocodile and the Gharial,
the Asiatic lion, and others. Most recently, the Indian elephant, black buck (chinkara), the great
Indian bustard (godawan) and the snow leopard, etc. have been given full or partial legal protection
against hunting and trade throughout India.
(i) Which act was implemented in 1972?
(ii) Who demanded the national wildlife protection programme?
(iii) Which animals have been recently given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade
throughout India?

PASSAGE-2
Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, the authorities realised t the tiger
population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century The major
threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of
prey base species, growing human population, etc. The trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones
in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of
extinction. Since India and Nepal provide habitat to abour two-thirds of the surviving tiger
population in the world, these two nations became prime targets for poaching and illegal trading.
"Project Tiger", one of the well publicised wildlife campains in the world, was launched in 1973.
Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with
equal importance as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. Corbett National Park in
Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya
Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam and Periyar Tiger
Reserve in Kerala are some of the tiger reserves of India.
(i) Which two nations became prime targets for poaching and illegal trading?
(ii) When and why was "Project Tiger" launched?
(iii) List one tiger reserves of each regions Vindhyas range and Aravali range.
(iv) What are the major threats to tiger population?
(v) Why conservation of tiger is given so much importance?

PASSAGE-3
 India’s unparalleled biodiversity is a testament to its diverse landscapes and ecosystems. From the
snow-capped Himalayas to the lush Western Ghats and the arid Thar Desert, the country’s
geographical diversity has nurtured a vast array of flora and fauna. Flora: India boasts an incredible
diversity of plant species, with over 15,000 recorded flowering plants, including iconic species like
the Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, and Asiatic lion. The country is a birdwatcher’s paradise, with over
1,300 bird species, including the colorful Indian peafowl and the elusive Indian paradise flycatcher.
Despite its biodiversity richness, India faces numerous conservation challenges, including habitat
loss, poaching, and climate change. Efforts like the establishment of protected areas, stringent
wildlife protection laws, and community-based conservation initiatives are vital for preserving
India’s natural heritage. In conclusion, India’s flora and fauna are not just a source of pride but also
crucial for ecological balance and human well-being. Preserving this natural wealth requires
sustained efforts, public awareness, and responsible environmental stewardship.
1) Write about the various step initiated by government of India for forest and wildlife conservation?
2) What do you understand by the term biological diversity?
3) Why conservation of flora and fauna is important for human existence?

PASSAGE-4
India, known for its rich biodiversity and vast forested areas, is facing an alarming issue – the
depletion of its forest cover. This decline in forested regions is a cause for concern due to its far-
reaching ecological, economic, and social consequences. Several factors contribute to the
diminishing forest area in India. Deforestation driven by urbanization, infrastructure development,
agriculture expansion, and illegal logging poses a significant threat. Additionally, forest
fragmentation disrupts wildlife habitats and ecological balance. The consequences are severe: loss of
biodiversity, reduced water retention, increased carbon emissions, and diminished livelihoods for
forest-dependent communities. Recognizing the urgency, India has implemented afforestation and
reforestation programs, strengthened conservation efforts, and promoted sustainable forestry
practices. Preserving and expanding forest cover is imperative for India’s sustainable future. This
requires a concerted effort from government, communities, and individuals to protect and restore
these invaluable ecosystems.
1) Give a brief account of classification of forest in India?
2) Write about distribution of forest in India in state wise manner?
3) How are forests economically important to us?

PASSAGE-5
Local participation is instrumental in preserving forest areas in India. The involvement of communities
residing near forests plays a crucial role in sustainable forest management and conservation for several
reasons. Local communities often possess invaluable traditional knowledge about forest ecosystems,
including sustainable harvesting techniques, medicinal plants, and wildlife behavior. This knowledge is
essential for the effective management of forests. Their livelihoods are often closely linked to the forest’s
health, encouraging responsible resource use and protection against illegal activities like logging and
poaching. Empowering local communities through sustainable livelihood opportunities derived from forests,
such as non-timber forest products or eco-tourism, reduces their dependence on destructive activities and
aligns their interests with conservation goals. Many indigenous and local communities have deep cultural
and spiritual connections with the land. This cultural significance often drives a sense of responsibility and
reverence for the forest.
1) What are the problems in conservation strategies in India?
2) Write about various environment movement happened in India?
3) What do you mean by scared groves . Give example
4) Joint forest management can help in reducing conflict between citizen and government in India. Give
points to support the statement.
5) Why conservation of flora and fauna is important for human existence?