DELTA SC ®

Surface Control Additives

MORDRY ® DELTA FC ®
Foam Control Additives
Driers

DELTA DC ®
Dispersion Control Additives

DELTA S®
MORDRY ®
Specialty Additives
 SURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVES
Surface Control
Additives
The surface of coating (coating could
mean paint, ink or composite) is exposed
to "the outside world" and has to withstand
some severe circumstances which may
lead to a fast degradation of the system
itself.

In most cases, superior surface properties

cannot be achieved without the addition
of surface control additives that alter the
surface properties of the coating.

Depending on the kind of additive used,

properties such as mar, slip and
scratch resistance, abrasion resistance,
anti-blocking ...etc can be altered.

Delta Specialties offer a variety of surface

control additives suitable for water and
solvent-based systems.

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Surface Defects
Defects of wet and consequent dry coating films affecting
coating appearance and sometimes performance are:

- Benard cells: Hexagonal cells with marked centers produced by - Picture framing (edge crawling): De-wetting of the applied coating and
circulation in the film caused by gradients of concentration, density the appearance of fat edges or picture framing around the edges of a
and/or temperature. panel or metal part. It is generally caused by increase of surface tension
on the edge during drying. Low viscosity increases this phenomenon.
- Floating: Benard cell circulation influences color shade and appearance;
observed as mottled, blotchy, or streaked appearance of a paint film. - Fish eyes: Crater-like holes whose centers consist of a uniform flat
painted region, surrounded by a depression, followed by a ridge of paint.
- Flooding: Surface color is uniform but different to the original one They are caused by un-dispersed fluid globules in the paint or by airborne
caused by uneven distribution of pigments in the film during drying. droplets (silicones, water, dried soap, dust, wax, and oil) deposited on the
painted surface. Large fish eyes can be found individually and small ones
- Craters: Small bowl-shaped depressions often having drops or bands of are often found in small densely packed clusters.
material at their centers and raised circular edges in a coating film.
Caused by contaminants of lower surface tension. - Crawling: De-wetting of the applied film from the substrate due to
surface tension differentials.
- Orange peel: Surface bumpiness or waviness that looks like the skin of
an orange. It is often caused by poor levelling and is a common defect - Telegraphing: Flow of paint induced by temperature gradients or
in both spray and roll-applied coatings. contaminant of the substrate surface.
 SURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVES
Choosing a Surface
Control Additive
Surface control additives are silicones,
polyacrylates or perfluoro surfactants.

Polysiloxanes (silicones) have a very high surface activity and Polyester-modified siloxanes exhibit a higher stability against thermal
therefore are often used as surface control additives. Commercial degradation and improvements in compatibility. These products provide
silicone-based surface control additives are modified by polyethers, long-term slip and water repellency.
polyesters or alkyl side groups to improve recoatability and inter-coat
adhesion. Modification parameters are silicone content, molecular Homo and copolymers based on (meth)acrylic monomers are well known
weight, and modification degree. polyacrylate surface control additives. In some cases, they are
incompatible in the paint system, which leads to the development of haze
Dimethylpolysiloxanes (PDMS) are used for different purposes depending in clear-coats.This problem can be solved by choosing an acrylic leveling
on their degree of polymerization. Low molecular weight products are agent with lower molecular weight and improved compatibility. Gloss
used as levelling agents. levels in solid colors are normally not affected by the incompatibility.

Increasing the molecular weight creates a higher degree of incompatibility In addition to their positive impact on flow and leveling, acrylic homo- and
with the coating medium and can generate a defoaming action. co-polymers are effective as air-release agents. Since they are not
reducing the surface tension of the coating to the extent of
silicone-based products, the wetting of substrate surfaces is improved
(substrate wetting).

These products can be used to create a strong cratering tendency, a

socalled hammer-tone effect. However, in most cases, recoatability is
a problem with this product group and methylalkyl polysiloxanes are Perfluoro-modified surface control additives are the most effective
superior in this respect. compounds to decrease surface tension, however, recoatability and
foam stabilization and cratering may occur. These undesired
Polyether-modified siloxanes can be tailored to certain coating types and side-effects depend very much on the system parameters that have to
are superior to the dimethylpolysiloxanes. However, in certain applications, be optimized and adjusted to gain optimum results. Controlling the
hydrolytic stability may be a problem. Self-condensation of hydroxyl parameters of molecular weight, polarity, degree of fluorine
functional polysiloxane can give rise to the formation of incompatible modification, curing conditions, and additive concentration in the 04
products with a strong tendency for cratering. formulation must be evaluated carefully. 05
 Surface
Control
Additives Product Name

DELTA SC® 2580 Silicone-based

DELTA SC® 2284 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2239 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2231 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2230 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2212 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2211 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2035 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2034 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2033 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2031 Silicone-based
DELTA SC® 2030 Silicone-based

DELTA SC® 2780 Polyacrylate-based

DELTA SC® 2777 Polyacrylate-based
Chemical Type

50
70
15
52

>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98

Active Ingredients %
52.5
52.5
52.5

Solvent-based coatings

Acid curable

Acrylic OH-functional

Acrylic self-crosslinking

Acrylic thermoplastic

Long-oil alkyd

Medium-oil alkyd

Short-oil alkyd

Alkyd & PE OH-functional

Alkyd & PE OH-melamine

Chlorinated rubber

Solvent-based epoxy

Solvent-free epoxy

Nitrocellulose

Unsaturated polyester

Silicon resin

Vinyl copolymer

Water-based coatings

Acrylic emulsion

Acrylic water reducible

Alkyd emulsion

Alkyd melamine

Alkyd water reducible

Epoxy

Polyester melamine

Polyurethane emulsion

2K water-based polyurethane

Printing inks

UV curable

Packaging (gravure & flexo)

Water-based

Composite

Gelcoats

Laminating

Lay-up & spray-up

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SURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVES

 Additives for Coatings, Printing Inks,
Adhesives and Composites

www.delta-specialties.com
M EA. I N D I A. TU R KEY. C AN AD A

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