PRACTICAL FILE

MADE BY: SUBMITTED TO

NAYSHA MOHAN 11A MANISH SRIVASTAVA

1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 I first would like to thank our school for
giving me the opportunity to be here and
make this project. I would also like to thank
the faculty of JPSN for their work and
efforts to give us the best education
possible to reach our full potential,
especially our teacher MR MANISH
SRIVASTAVA for his guidance and
assistance in not only this project but
throughout my entire journey is this
subject.

I would like to extend an heartful thanks

to every
person who has helped me during this
project.

INDEX
S.NO TOPIC HEADING PAGE NO.
1 IBM CERTIFIACTION 01
2 Identifying companies currently hiring 02
employees in specific AI positions
3 Skills for specific AI position 03
3.1 Technical skills 03
3.2 Soft skills 04
4 Python programs using operators, data 05
types, control statements
4.1 Arithmetic Operators 05
4.2 Comparison Operators 06

4.3 Assignment Operators 07

4.4 Numeric Data Type 08
4.5 Dictionary Data Type 09
4.6 If statement 10
4.7 Break statement 11
4.8 If - Else Statement 12
4.9 If - elif - else statement 13
4.10 First 10 natural numbers using loop 14
5 Python programs on Numpy 15
Sorting elements in give array using
5.1 15
numpy
5.2 Creating an empty numpy array 16
5.3 Creating empty and full numpy array 17

5.4 Element Wise addition of 2 numpy arrays 18

6 Creating an Empathy Map on Scenario 19

7 Python programs to demonstrate the use of 20
mean, median, mode, standard deviation
7.1 Calculating the mean 21
7.2 Calculating the median 22
7.3 Calculating the mode 23
7.4 Calculating the standard deviation 24
8. Python programs to visualize the line 25
graph, bar graph, histogram, scatter graph
8.1 Visualizing line graph 26
8.2 Visualizing bar graph 27
8.3 Visualizing histogram 28
8.4 Visualizing scatter graph 29
9. Calculation of Pearson’s correlation 30
coefficient in
MS-Excel
10. Demonstration of Linear regression in MS 31
 – Excel.
11. Insights and Interpretations from the video 32
"Humans need not apply.”

12. Understanding ethical dilemma using 33

Moral machine Survival of the best fit

1. IBM CERTIFICATION
2. Identifying companies
currently hiring employees in
specific AI position
 1. Google: Known for its extensive AI research and
products, Google is constantly hiring for various AI
positions.
2. Meta (Facebook): Focused on AI for social media,
virtual reality, and augmented reality.
3. Amazon: Uses AI for its e-commerce platform, cloud
services, and devices like Alexa.
4. Microsoft: Investing heavily in AI for its cloud
platform, productivity tools, and gaming.
5. Apple: Known for its work on AI for Siri, facial
recognition, and other devices.
6. OpenAI: A leading research lab focused on
developing and promoting friendly AI.
7. DeepMind: A subsidiary of Alphabet (Google)
working on advanced AI research.
8. Anthropic: A new AI safety and research company.
9. Stability AI: A company focused on generative AI
and large language models.
10.Hugging Face: A platform for sharing and building
machine learning models.

3. Technical skills and soft skills

for specific AI position
 3.1 Technical Skills

 Programming Languages: Python, R, Java, C++

 Machine Learning Frameworks: TensorFlow, PyTorch,

Keras

 Deep Learning Frameworks: TensorFlow, PyTorch

 Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLTK, spaCy, Gensim

 Computer Vision: OpenCV, TensorFlow, PyTorch

 Data Science Tools: Pandas, NumPy, Scikit-learn, Matplotlib

 Cloud Platforms: AWS, GCP, Azure

 Database Management: SQL, NoSQL

 Big Data Technologies: Hadoop, Spark

3.2 Soft Skills

 Problem-solving: Ability to break down complex problems
into smaller, manageable parts.

 Creativity: Thinking outside the box to develop innovative

solutions.

 Communication: Effectively conveying technical concepts to

both technical and non-technical audiences.

 Collaboration: Working well with others in a team

environment.

 Curiosity: Staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in

AI.

 Adaptability: Embracing new technologies and approaches.

 Attention to Detail: Ensuring accuracy and precision in work.

 Time Management: Effectively prioritizing tasks and meeting

deadlines.

4. PYTHON PROGRAM USING OPERATORS,

DATA TYPES, CONTROL STATEMENT
4.1 ARITHEMATIC OPERATORS

PROGRAM -

OUTPUT -

4.2 COMPARISION OPERATORS

PROGRAM -

OUTPUT -

4.3 ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

PROGRAM -

OUTPUT -

4.4 NUMERIC DATA TYPE

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

4.5 DICTIONERY DATA TYPE

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

4.6 IF STATEMENT

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

4.7 BREAK STATEMENT

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

4.8 IF-ELSE STATEMENT

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

4.9 IF - ELIF - ELSE STATEMENT

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

4.10 FIRST 10 NATURAL NUMBERS USING LOOP

PROGRAM -

OUTPUT -

5. Python programs on Numpy

5.1 SORTING ELEMENTS IN GIVE ARRAY USING NUMPY

PROGRAM -

OUTPUT -

5.2 CREATING AN EMPTY NUMPY ARRAY

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

5.3 CREATING EMPTY AND FULL NUMPY ARRAY

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

5.4 ELEMENT WISE ADDITION OF 2 NUMPY ARRAYS

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

6. CREATING AN EMPATHY MAP ON SCENARIO

SCENARIO -
SIYA NEEDS TO BUY A VR SET MAKE AN EMPATHY MAP
REGARDING THE SAME SCENARIO.
 EMPATHY MAP (BUYING A VR SET)

SAYS THINKS

1. WANTS SOMETHING 1. IS IT WASTE OF MONEY

RELIABLE 2. AM, I SELECTING THE
2. WHICH BRAND TO CHOOSE? CORRECT THING
3. WHERE SHOULD I LOOK IT 3. MAYBE I WANT SOMETHING
UP ELSE
4. EXPECTS SOMETHING THAT 4. WHY IS IT TOO HARD TO
IS EASIER TO OPERATE CHOOSE

DOES FEELS

1. CHECKS THE WEBSITE 1. FEARED

2. LISTS PROS/CONS 2. ANXIOUS
3. OBSERVES IN STORE 3. EXCITED
4. ASKS FRIENDS AND 4. UNSURE WHO TO TRUST
RELATIVES REGARDING IT 5. OVERWHELMED
5. COMPARES PRODUCTS OF
DEIFF BRANDS

7. PYTHON PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE

USE OF MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE , STANDARD
DEVIATION AND VARIATION

7.1 CALCULATING THE MEAN

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

7.2 CALCULATING THE MEDIAN

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

7.3 CALCULATING THE MODE

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

7.4 CALCULATING STANDARD DEVIATION

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

8. PYTHON PROGRAMS TO VISUALISE THE

LINE GRAPH, BAR GRAPH, HISTOGRAM ,
SCATTER GRAPH.

8.1 VISULISING LINE GRAPH

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

8.2 VISULISING BAR GRAPH

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -

8.3 VISULISING HISTOGRAM

PROGRAM -
OUTPUT -
8.4 VISULISING SCATTER GRAPH

PROGRAM -

OUTPUT
9. Calculation of Pearson’s correlation coefficient in

MSExcel

9.1 USING THE CORREL FUNCTION

• Open your Excel file and ensure your two datasets are in two separate columns
(e.g., Column A and Column B).

• Click on a blank cell where you want the result to appear.

• Type the following formula:

=CORREL(B2:B11, C2:C11)

• Press Enter, and the Pearson correlation coefficient will be displayed in the
selected cell.
10. Demonstration of Linear regression in MS – Excel.
• To perform linear regression in Excel, follow these steps:
• Step 1: Input your data Create two columns of data in Excel: one
for the independent variable (X) and the other for the dependent
variable (Y)
• Step 2: Use the Data Analysis Tool Go to the Data tab. I Click on
Data Analysis (if you don't see it, enable it by going to File >
Options > Add-Ins > Analysis ToolPak).In the Data Analysis
window, select Regression and click OK.
• Step 3: Set the Regression Inputs . Input Y Range: Select the range
of dependent variables (Y values), e.g., B1 Input X Range: Select
the range of independent variables (X values), e.g., Al Check
Labels if you have headers for your columns. Set an Output Range
or select New Worksheet.
• Step 4: Interpret the Results . Excel will provide an output that
includes the equation of the regression line, R-squared value,
coefficients, and more.
• Step 4: Interpret the Results Excel will provide an output that
includes the equation of the regression line, R-squared value,
coefficients, and more. The regression equation will be in the form:
Y=a+bXY = a+bXY=a+bX
10. Insights and Interpretations from the video
"Humans need not apply.”
( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Pq-S557XQU)
The video explores the transformative impact of automation on the
future of work. Key points include:
1. Dual Impact of Automation: Historically, automation spurred
economic growth by reducing manual labor. Today, AI and
robotics threaten both manual and cognitive jobs, disrupting the
economy.
2. Versatile Robots: The emergence of affordable, general-purpose
robots like Baxter marks a shift towards ubiquitous machine
learning and task performance.
3. Widespread Job Displacement: Automation affects all sectors,
including high-skill and creative jobs, challenging the notion that
technology creates more jobs than it destroys.
4. Historical Comparisons: The analogy of horses replaced by cars
illustrates inevitable job loss and the need for societal adaptation.
5. Societal Adaptation: Proactive measures are needed to address job
displacement, requiring new employment and economic models.
 6. Creative Automation: Automation's reach into creative fields
challenges the uniqueness of human creativity, as bots can now
perform tasks like composing music and writing.

Interpretation: While automation enhances efficiency, it poses

challenges to employment and economic stability, necessitating a
societal shift to ensure equitable benefits and mitigate disruption.

11. Comparative study of AI policies (that involve

examining guidelines and principles) established by
various organizations and regulatory bodies
A comparative study of AI policies examines the guidelines and
principles set by different organizations to ensure responsible AI
development. Here's a simplified overview:

1. European Union (EU)

• The AI Act classifies AI based on risk and sets strict rules for
highrisk applications.
• Ethical guidelines focus on transparency, accountability, and
privacy.
• AI systems must follow the GDPR for data protection.

2. United States
• The National AI Initiative promotes AI research but lacks
comprehensive regulation.
• NIST provides a framework for AI risk management.
• The AI Bill of Rights focuses on privacy and non-discrimination.
3. China
• China aims to be a global AI leader by 2030 but emphasizes
national security over ethics.
• AI ethics focus on fairness and security.
• PIPL regulates data privacy.

4. United Nations (UN)

• UNESCO’s guidelines promote AI aligned with human rights and
sustainability.
• The AI for Good initiative uses AI for social and environmental
causes.

5. OECD
• Promotes AI that is trustworthy, transparent, and respects human
rights.
• Encourages international cooperation on AI policies.

6. World Economic Forum (WEF)

• Advocates for responsible AI governance through a
multistakeholder approach.
• Focuses on embedding AI ethics into organizations.
Key Comparisons:

• Ethics & Accountability: The EU and UNESCO focus heavily on

ethics, while China and the U.S. prioritize innovation.
• Data Privacy: The EU's GDPR is comprehensive, while the U.S.
has a fragmented approach and China focuses on privacy with
PIPL.
• Regulation vs Innovation: The EU is more regulatory, while the
U.S. and China focus on innovation.
• Global Cooperation: The OECD and UN stress global
collaboration, while the EU leads with its regulations.
In summary, AI policies vary globally, with the EU focusing on ethics
and regulation, while other countries like the U.S. and China emphasize
innovation and economic growth. International bodies promote
cooperation and guidelines for AI governance.

12. Understanding ethical dilemma using Moral

machine Survival of the best fit
1. Moral Machine

• Moral Machine is a platform developed by MIT to simulate

ethical dilemmas faced by autonomous vehicles.
• It presents users with scenarios where they must decide between
various life-and-death outcomes, such as choosing between saving
pedestrians or passengers in different situations.
• Ethical Dilemma: This highlights conflicts between human
values, like minimizing harm, fairness, and prioritizing certain
groups (e.g., age, profession) in decision-making.

2. Survival of the Best Fit

• Survival of the Best Fit refers to the idea of favoring the most
optimal outcome for a given situation, often at the expense of less
favorable choices.
• In ethical dilemmas, this can lead to prioritizing outcomes that
benefit the majority or achieve the highest survival rate.
• Ethical Dilemma: This raises concerns about fairness, equality,
and the potential for bias, as decisions may disadvantage certain
groups for the sake of optimal outcomes.
Comparison of Concepts:
• Moral Machine focuses on individual decision-making with
ethical principles like harm minimization, justice, and impartiality.
• Survival of the Best Fit emphasizes outcomes based on
maximizing success or minimizing risk, sometimes at the cost of
fairness or minority rights. Both concepts present complex ethical
challenges where decisions can lead to moral trade-offs between
fairness, utility, and individual well-being.