Project Report

Team ID PNT2022TMID49399

Project Name Smart waste management system for

metropolitan cities

Team Lead VINDYA M

Team Member 1 SANDHIYA R

Team Member 2 ATHITHIYA S

Team Member 3 PRAVEENA M

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Overview:

Our waste generation is constantly growing to form a global garbage crisis. Even though we
indulge in creating a more sustainable and greener, we still fail to handle our waste generation
and management. Combining technology support with a vision of social, economic and
environmental sustainability is the best way out of this problem. It is done in the following
manner. The smart bin system undergoes a thorough system check and battery level
monitoring in order to function efficiently. If the battery level is found to be low, it has to be
recharged immediately, else it can proceed to the next step. The threshold level levels of the
bin are indicated my multiple sensors attached to bin. If the garbage exceeds the level, then
an alert message is sent to the garbage collectors as well as to the municipality or area
administration. The area in which garbage is found to overflow is allocated to respective
garbage collectors in the form of messages through GSM system. Once the waste bin is
emptied, an information update is sent to the municipality and server is updated. This is how
the waste from bins can be efficiently handled and managed using technology which in turn
keeps the environment clean and healthy.

1.2 Purpose:
We amalgamate technology along with waste management in order to effectively create a
safe and a hygienic environment. Smart waste management is about using technology and
data to create a more efficient waste industry. Based on IoT (Internet of Things) technology,
smart waste management aims to optimize resource allocation, reduce running costs, and
increase the sustainability of waste services. This makes it possible to plan more efficient
routes for the trash collectors who empty the bins, but also lowers the chance of any bin being
full for over a week. A good level of coordination exists between the garbage collectors and
the information supplied via technology. This makes them well aware of the existing garbage
level and instigate them whenever the bins reach the threshold level. They are sent with alert
messages so that they can collect the garbage on time without littering the surrounding area.
The fill patterns of specific containers can be identified by historical data and managed
accordingly in the long term. In addition to hardware solutions, mobile applications are used
to overcome the challenges in the regular waste management system, such as keeping track
of the drivers while they are operating on the field. Thus, smart waste management provides
us with the most optimal way of managing the waste in an efficient manner using technology

2. LITERATURE SURVEY:

2.1 Existing problem:

Waste management has become an alarming challenge in local towns and cities across the
world. Often the local area bins are overflowing and the municipalities are not aware of it. This
affects the residents of that particular area in numerous ways starting from bad odour to
unhygienic and unsafe surroundings. Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing
collection systems to ineffective disposal -causes air pollution, water and soil contamination.
Open and unsanitary areas contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause
infection and transmit diseases. Toxic components such as Persistent Organic Pollutants
(POPs) pose particularly significant risks to human health and the environment as they
accumulate through the food chain. Animals eating contaminated plants have higher doses of
contaminants than if they were directly exposed. Precipitation or surface water seeping
through waste will absorb hazardous components from landfills, agricultural areas, feedlots,
etc. and carry them into surface and groundwater. Contaminated groundwater also poses a
great health risk, as it is often used for drinking, bathing and recreation, as well as in
agricultural and industrial activities. Landfills and waste transfer stations can attract various
pests (insects, rodents, gulls, etc.) that look for food from waste. These pests can spread
diseases through viruses and bacteria (i.e., salmonella and e-coli), which are a risk to human
health.

2.2 References:

PAPER 1:
TITLE: IoT Based Waste Management for Smart City

AUTHOR NAME: Parkash Tambare, Prabu Venkatachalam

PUBLICATION YEAR: 2016 DESCRIPTION:
In the current situation, we frequently observe that the trash cans or dust cans that
are located in public spaces in cities are overflowing due to an increase in the amount of
waste produced each day. We are planning to construct “IoT Based Waste Management for
Smart Cities” to prevent this from happening because it makes living conditions for people
unsanitary and causes unpleasant odours in the surrounding area. There are numerous trash
cans scattered throughout the city or on the campus that are part of the proposed system.
Each trash can is equipped with a low-cost embedded device that tracks the level of the trash
cans and an individual ID that will enable it to be tracked and identified.
 PAPER 2:

AUTHOR NAME: Mohammad Aazam, Marc St-Hilaire,

Chung-Horng Lung, Ioannis Lambadaris
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2016 DESCRIPTION:
Each bin in the Cloud SWAM system that Mohammad Aazam et al suggested has
sensors that can detect the amount of waste inside. There are separate bins for organic,
plastic/paper/bottle/glass, and metal waste. This way, each form of waste is already divided,
and it is known how much and what kind of waste is collected thanks to the status. Different
entities and stakeholders may benefit from the accessibility of cloud-stored data in different
ways. Analysis and planning can begin as soon as garbage is collected and continue through
recycling and import/export-related activities. Timely garbage collection is provided via the
Cloud SWAM system. A timely and effective method of waste collection improves health,
hygiene, and disposal.

PAPER 3:
TITLE: Arduino Microcontroller Based Smart Dustbins for Smart Cities

AUTHOR NAME: K. Suresh, S. Bhuvanesh and B. Krishna Devan

PUBLICATION YEAR: 2019 DESCRIPTION:
In this paper, a technique for cleaning up our surroundings and environment is
described. The Indian government just began work on a smart city initiative, and in order for
these towns to be smarter than they already are, the garbage collection and disposal system
must be improved upon. Self-Monitoring Automated Route Trash (SMART) dustbins are
intended for use in smart buildings such as colleges, hospitals, and bus stops, among other
places. In this study, we have employed the PIR and Ultrasonic sensors to detect human
presence, the Servomotor to open the dustbin lid, and the Ultrasonic sensor to detect the level
of rubbish. Signals between two trash cans are transmitted using a communication module,
and the GSM module sends the message to the operator.

PAPER 4:

AUTHOR NAME: Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Aeslina Abdul Kadir,

 Mohd Razali Tomari and Mohamad Hairol Jabbar

PUBLICATION YEAR: 2014

DESCRIPTION:
Proposed a smart recycle bin that can handle the recycling of plastic, glass, paper, and
aluminium cans. It generates a 3R card after automatically determining the value of the trash
thrown away. The recycle system makes it possible to accumulate points for placing waste into
designated recycle bins. By allowing the points to be redeemed for goods or services, such a
system promotes recycling activities. The system keeps track of information on disposal
procedures, materials disposed of, user identification, and points accrued by the user. To use
the recycle bin, the user must tap his card to the designated RFID reader. Doors to recycling
bins are opened, and rubbish is placed one by one.

PAPER 5:

TITLE: Waste Management Initiatives in India For Human Wellbeing

AUTHOR NAME: Dr. Raveesh Agarwal, Mona Chaudhary and Jayveer Singh

PUBLICATION YEAR: 2015 DESCRIPTION:

The objective of this paper is to examine the present methods used in India for the
welfare of its people in different waste management efforts. The other goal is to offer advice
on how to make Indian municipalities' trash disposal procedures better. On secondary
research, this essay is founded. The system is improved by looking at the reports that have
already been written about waste management and the suggestions made for improvement
by planners, NGOs, consultants, government accountability organisations, and important
business leaders. It provides in-depth understanding of the various waste management
programmes in India and identifies areas where waste management might be improved for
societal benefit. The essay makes an effort to comprehend the crucial part that our nation's
official waste management sector plays in the waste management process.

2.3 Problem Statement Definition:

 I am I am trying But Because Which
Problem (Customer) to makes me
Statement feel
(PS)

PS-1 Council Monitor Because of high cost unhygienic

the waste I have not much
in my city effective system
for
monitoring

PS-2 Council Manage Because of more time

I have not much
the waste in consuming
effective
my city
system for
managing unsafe

3.IDEATION & PROPOSED SOLUTION:

3.1 Empathy map canvas:

 3.2 Ideation & Brainstorming:

3.3 Proposed Solution:

SI No. Parameter Description

1. Problem Statement (Problem to be Detecting the level of garbage and informing
solved) the garbage collectors through a proper
communication channel about the garbage
level and alerts them to collect it at a
specified time efficiently.
2. Idea / Solution description By using fill level sensors we can detect the
garbage level. Improving the communication
channel using proper technology like
WiMAX. Using GPS for tracking the location
of bin and sorting out the short routes.
Using cloud service for the storage purpose.
3. Novelty / Uniqueness By using IoT, GPS and GSM like technologies
which if properly used in the establishment
of this project helps to detect the garbage
level and intimating about it to the authority
and initiating them to collect the garbage on
time.
4. Social Impact / Customer It keeps our surroundings clean and green
Satisfaction and free from bad odour of wastes,
emphasizes on healthy environment.
Reduces air pollution
5. Business Model (Revenue Model) Smart waste management system is an
innovative and effective step to analyze the
production of waste annually and it helps to
find the ways to reduce the factors which
increases the waste produced.
6. Scalability of the Solution Smart waste management can attain its
scalability by still more advancement in IoT
and using many sensors to detect its
accurate level accurately. Its
implementation can be enhanced by using
5G type of technology for faster
communication. AI recycling robots can be
used in the nearer future.

3.4 Problem solution fit:

4.REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
 4.1 Functional requirement

FR No. Functional Requirement Sub Requirement (Story / Sub-Task)

(Epic)

FR-1 Real time bin monitoring. The Dashboard shows statistics on the amount of fill
in bins as it is being tracked by smart sensors. The
application also forecasts when the bin will fill up
based on past data in addition to the percentage of
fill level, which is one of the features that even the
finest waste management software lacks. As picks
are also recognized by the sensors, you can
determine when the bin was last emptied. You can
get rid of the overflowing bins and cease collecting
half-empty ones using real-time data and forecasts.

FR-2 Eliminate inefficient picks. Get rid of the collection of half-empty trash cans.
Picks are recognized by sensors. We can
demonstrate to you how full the bins you collect
are using real-time data on fill-levels and pick
recognition.

FR-3 Plan waste collection routes. Route planning for rubbish pickup is
semiautomated using the tool. You are prepared to
act and arrange for garbage collection based on the
levels of bin fill that are now present and forecasts
of approaching capacity. To find any discrepancies,
compare the planned and actual paths.

FR-4 Adjust bin distribution. Ensure the best possible bin distribution.
Determine which regions have a dense or sparse
distribution of bins. Ensure that each form of
waste has a representative stand. You can make
any required adjustments to bin position or
capacity based on past data.

FR-5 Expensive bins. We assist you in locating containers that increase

collection prices. The tool determines a collection
cost rating for each bin. The tool takes local
average depo-bin discharge into account. The tool
determines the distance from depo-bin discharge
and rates bins (1–10).
 FR-6 Detailed bin inventory. On the map, you can see every monitored bin and
stand, and you can use Google Street View at any
time to visit them. On the map, bins or stands
appear as green, orange, or red circles. The
Dashboard displays information about each bin,
including its capacity, trash kind, most recent
measurement, GPS position, and pick-up schedule.

4.2 Non-Functional requirements:

FR No. Non-Functional Description

Requirement

NFR-1 Usability Usability is a unique and significant perspective to examine

user needs, which may further enhance the design quality,
according to IoT devices. Analysing how well people interact
with a product may help designers better understand
customers' prospective demands for waste management,
behaviour, and experience in the design process when user
experience is at the Centre.

NFR-2 Security Utilize recyclable bottles. Utilize reusable shopping bags.

Spend responsibly and recycle Eat and drink in limited-use
containers.

NFR-3 Reliability Creating improved working conditions for garbage

collectors and drivers is another aspect of smart waste
management. Waste collectors will use their time more
effectively by attending to bins that require service rather
than travelling the same collection routes and servicing
empty bins.
NFR-4 Performance The Smart Sensors assess the fill levels in bins (along with other
data) numerous times each day using ultrasonic technology.
The sensors feed data to Senone’s Smart Waste Management
Software System, a robust cloud-based platform with
datadriven daily operations and a waste management app,
using a variety of IoT networks (NB-IoT, GPRS). As a
consequence, customers receive data-driven decision-making
services, and garbage collection routes, frequency, and truck
loads are optimized, resulting in at least a 30% decrease in
route length.

NFR-5 Availability By creating and implementing robust hardware and gorgeous

software, we enable cities, companies, and nations to manage
garbage more intelligently.

NFR-6 Scalability Using smart trash bins allows us to scale up and monitor
the rubbish more efficiently while also reducing the
number of bins needed in towns and cities.

5.PROJECT DESIGN:
5.1Data Flow Diagrams:
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a traditional visual representation of the information
flows within a system. A neat and clear DFD can depict the right amount of the system
requirement graphically. It shows how data enters and leaves the system, what changes the
information, and where data is stored A smart waste management platform uses analytics to
translate the data gather in your bins into actionable insights to help you improve your
waste services. You can receive data on metric such as:
• The first test conducted is the situation where the garbage bin is empty or its garbage
level is very low

• Then, the bin is filled with more garbage until its level has surpassed the first
threshold value, which is set to 80% then the first warning SMS is being sent, as
depicted
• The first notification SMS sent by the system, once the waste reaches the level of
85% full
• The second notification SMS sent by the system, indicating that bin is at least 95%
full and the garbage needs to be collected immediately
 • Locations prone to overflow
• The number of bins needed to avoid overflowing waste
• The number of collection services that could be saved
• The amount of fuel that could be saved
• The driving distance that could be saved

Data flow diagram:

 5.2 Solution & Technical Architecture:

5.3 User stories:

User Type Functional User User Story / Acceptance Priority Release

Requirement Story Task criteria
(Epic) Number
Admin(who Web server USN-1 As a admin, I I can High Sprint-1
manages login can able to Manage and
track the truck direct
server) driver name, workers
id, contact through web
number, server
location, and
also the
location of the
dustbin.

Co-Admin Login USN-2 As a co-admin I can monitor High Sprint-1

I’ll monitor the the
workers, garbage bin
whether the activity
work has been
done properly,
checking the
availability of
workers and
also monitor
the waste
collected by the
truck driver
within the
scheduled time
Customer User USN-3 As a user , I I can raise Medium Sprint-2
can able to queries
(Web user)
raise queries
to higher
authorities
about the
maintenance
and disposal of
waste
Customer Worker USN-4 As a customer I can attend High Sprint-1
calls and
Care care executive respond
Executive I will try to people and
rectify the solve their
queries from problems
customers by
contacting
coadmin. In
case of
emergency
situation query
can be
reported to
Admin.
Truck Worker USN-5 The truck driver I will do the High Sprint1
driver is a work properly
worker who has and report the
been assigned data at the
to collect the scheduled
garbage and he time
have to report
to
admin about
when and
where
and also
the
timings , the
garbage has
been picked up
according the
daily
schedule.

6.PROJECT PLANNING & SCHEDULING:

6.1 Sprint Planning & Estimation:

PHASE TITLE DESCRIPTION

Literature Survey & Literature survey on the

Ideation Phase Information Gathering selected project & gathering
information by referring the,
technical papers, research
publications etc.

Prepare Empathy Map Prepare Empathy Map Canvas to

capture the user Pains & Gains,
Prepare list of problem statements
 Ideation List the by organizing the
brainstorming session and
prioritize the top 3 ideas based on
the feasibility & importance.

Phase-1 Proposed Solution Prepare the proposed solution

document, which includes the
novelty, feasibility of idea,
business model, social impact,
scalability of solution, etc.

Problem Solution Fit Prepare problem - solution fit

document.

Solution Architecture Prepare solution architecture

document.

Customer Journey Prepare the customer journey maps

Phase-2 to understand the user interactions
& experiences with the application
(entry to exit).

Functional Requirement Prepare the functional and

Nonfunctional requirement
document.

Data Flow Diagrams Draw the data flow diagrams and

submit for review.

Technology Architecture Prepare the technology architecture

diagram.

Project planning phase Prepare Milestone & Activity Prepare the milestones & activity
List list of the project.
 Project development Project Development - Develop & submit the developed
phase Delivery of Sprint-1, 2, 3 & 4 code by testing it.

6.2 Sprint Delivery Schedule:

Sprint Functional Task Story Priority Team

Requirement Point Members
(Epic) -s

Sprint- Registration As a team lead, I can enrolled for the 2 High vindya
1 project by entering my email, password
and within that I can enter my team
Sprint- As a team lead, I will 2 High sandhiya
1 receive confirmation email once, I
have enrolled for the project with team idand
along with team members name.

Sprint-Login As a team member, I can login to 1 Medium Athithiya

2 the IBM portal by entering email
& password
Sprint- As a team member, I can login to 1 Medium praveena
2 the IBM portal by entering email & password
Sprint- As a team member, I can login to 1 Medium vindya
2 the IBM portal by entering email &
password Sprint- As a team member,
2 IBM portal by entering email &
password

Project Tracker, Velocity & Burndown Chart:

Sprint Total Duration Sprint Sprint End Story Points Sprint Release
Story StartDate Date Completed Date (Actual)
Points (Planned) (
Planned End
Date)
Sprint-1 20 6 Days 22 Oct 2022 27 Oct 2022 20 06 Nov 2022
Sprint-2 20 6 Days 31 Oct 2022 05 Nov 2022 30 07 Nov 2022
Sprint-3 20 6 Days 07 Nov 2022 12 Nov 2022 49 08 Nov 2022
Sprint-4 20 6 Days 14 Nov 2022 19 Nov 2022 50 09 Nov 2022

6.3 Reports from JIRA:

Burnout Chart:

Road map:
7.CODING & SOLUTIONING:

7.1 Feature 1- LOCATION TRACKER:

7.2 Feature 2- LIVE UPDATE ON COLLECTED DATA:

8. Testing:
8.1 Testcases:
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8.2 User acceptance Testing:

1.
Purpose of Document
 The purpose of this document is to briefly explain the test coverage and open issues of the
[ProductName] project at the time of the release to User Acceptance Testing (UAT).

2.
Defect Analysis
This report shows the number of resolved or closed bugs at each severity level, and how they were resolved

Resolution Subtotal
Severity
1 Severity 2 Severity 3 Severity 4

By Design 10 4 2 3 20

Duplicate 1 0 3 0 4

External 2 3 0 1 6

Fixed 11 2 4 20 37

0 0 1 0 1
Not
Reproduced

Skipped 0 0 1 1 2

Won't Fix 0 5 2 1 8

Totals 24 14 13 26 7

1. Test Case Analysis:

This report shows the number of test cases that have passed, failed, and untested

Section
Total Not Pas
Cases Tested Fai l s

Print Engine 7 0 0 7
Client Application 51 0 0 51

Security 2 0 0 2

Outsource Shipping 3 0 0 3

Exception Reporting 9 0 0 9

Final Report Output 4 0 0 4

Version Control 2 0 0 2

9.RESULTS:

9.1 Performance Metrics:

10. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:

• Reduction in Collection Cost

 • No Missed Pickups
• Reduced Overflows
• Waste Generation Analysis • CO2 Emission Reduction

DISADVANTAGES:

• System requires a greater number of waste bins for separate waste collection as per
population in the city.
• This results into high initial cost due to expensive smart dustbins compare to other
methods. Sensor nodes used in the dustbins have limited memory size.

11. CONCLUSION:
A Smart Waste Management system that is more effective than the one in use now
is achievable by using sensors to monitor the filling of bins. Our conception of a "smart waste
management system" focuses on monitoring waste management, offering intelligent
technology for waste systems, eliminating human intervention, minimizing human time and
effort, and producing a healthy and trash-free environment. The suggested approach can be
implemented in smart cities where residents have busy schedules that provide little time for
garbage management. If desired, the bins might be put into place in a metropolis where a
sizable container would be able to hold enough solid trash for a single unit. The price might
be high.

12. FUTURE SCOPE:

There are several future works and improvements for the proposed system, including the
following:

1. Change the system of user authentication and atomic lock of bins, which would aid in
protecting the bin from damage or theft.
2. The concept of green points would encourage the involvement of residents or end users,
making the idea successful and aiding in the achievement of collaborative waste
management efforts, thus fulfilling the idea of Swachh Bharath.
3. Having case study or data analytics on the type and times waste is collected on different
days or seasons, making bin filling predictable and removing the reliance on electronic
components, and fixing the coordinates.
4. Improving the Server's and Android's graphical interfaces

13. Appendix:
GitHub Link:
https://github.com/IBM-EPBL/IBM-Project-6269-1658825588