%macro IO 4

mov rax, %1

mov rdi, %2

mov rsi, %3

mov rdx, %4

syscall

%endmacro

section .data

arr dw 2710h,03E8H,0064h,000Ah,0001h

cnt db 05

cnt1 db 05

menu: db "MENU for conversion: ",10

db "1. BCD to Hex",10

db "2. Hex to BCD",10

db "3. Exit",10

menulen equ $-menu

cho: db "Enter your choice: "

lenc equ $-cho

msg: db " ",10

len equ $-msg

msg1: db "Enter the number: "

len1 equ $-msg1

res1: db "Result: "

lres equ $-res1

disparr resb 02 ; Buffer for displaying results

choice resb 02 ; Buffer for user's choice

num resb 03 ; Buffer for user's input number

no1 resb 02 ; Buffer for storing a value

no2 resb 02 ; Buffer for storing another value

t1 resb 02 ; Buffer for temporary storage

rem resb 01 ; Buffer for remainder

res resb 04 ; Buffer for the final result

section .text

global _start

_start:

menu_label:

IO 1,1,menu,menulen ; Display the menu

IO 1,1,cho,lenc ; Prompt for user's choice

IO 0,0,choice,02 ; Read the user's choice

mov al, byte [choice]

cmp al, 31h ; Compare user's choice to '1'

je bcd_hex ; If equal, jump to bcd_hex

cmp al, 32h ; Compare user's choice to '2'

je hex_bcd ; If equal, jump to hex_bcd

cmp al, 33h ; Compare user's choice to '3'

je exit ; If equal, jump to exit

mov bx, 0000h ; Initialize BX register to zero

mov [res], bx ; Initialize [res] memory location to zero

IO 1,1,msg1,len1 ; Display "Enter the number"

mov rsi, arr ; Load the address of 'arr' array into RSI

a3:

push rsi ; Save RSI on the stack for later use

IO 0,0,num,01 ; Read a single digit from user's input and store it in [num]

call convert_hex ; Convert the digit to hexadecimal (original number)

pop rsi ; Restore RSI from the stack

mov bx, [rsi] ; Load the value from [rsi] (array element) into BX

mul bx ; Multiply AX by BX

add [res], ax ; Add the result to [res]

add rsi, 02 ; Move to the next array element

dec byte [cnt] ; Decrease the loop counter

jnz a3 ; Jump to 'a3' if counter is not zero

IO 1,1,res1,lres ; Display "Result: "

mov ax, [res] ; Load the final result into AX

call display_hex ; Display the hexadecimal output

IO 1,1,msg,len ; Display a new line

IO 0,0,num,01 ; Read a single digit from user's input (clearing the buffer)

jmp menu_label ; Jump to 'menu_label' to display the menu again

hex_bcd:

IO 1,1,msg1,len1 ; Display "Enter the number"

IO 0,0,num,02 ; Read two digits from user's input

call convert ; Convert the first digit to the original form

mov [no1], al ; Store the converted value in [no1]

IO 0,0,num,03 ; Read the third digit from user's input

mov [no2], al ; Store the converted value in [no2]

mov rsi, arr ; Load the address of 'arr' array into RSI

mov ah, [no1] ; Load the converted value of the first digit into AH

mov al, [no2] ; Load the converted value of the third digit into AL

r2:

mov bx, [rsi] ; Load the value from [rsi] (array element) into BX

mov dx, 0 ; Clear DX register

div bx ; Divide AX by BX, quotient in AL, remainder in AH

mov [rem], dx ; Store the remainder in [rem]

mov [t1], al ; Store the quotient in [t1]

push rsi ; Save RSI on the stack for later use

call display_bcd ; Display the BCD output from [t1]

pop rsi ; Restore RSI from the stack

mov ax, [rem] ; Load the remainder from [rem] into AX

add rsi, 2 ; Move to the next array element

dec byte [cnt1] ; Decrease the loop counter

jnz r2 ; Jump to 'r2' if counter is not zero

IO 1,1,msg,len ; Display a new line

jmp menu_label ; Jump to 'menu_label' to display the menu again

exit:

mov rax, 60 ; Exit system call number

mov rdi, 0 ; Exit with code 0

syscall

convert:

mov rsi, num ; Load the address of 'num' buffer into RSI

mov al, [rsi] ; Load the first digit from [num] into AL

cmp al, 39h ; Compare AL to '9'

jle a1 ; If less than or equal, jump to 'a1'

sub al, 07h ; Subtract 7 to adjust for letters (A-F)

sub al, 30h ; Convert ASCII digit to numeric value

rol al, 04 ; Rotate the 4-bit value to the left

mov bl, al ; Move the value to BL for later use

inc rsi ; Move to the next digit in [num]

mov al, [rsi] ; Load the second digit from [num] into AL

cmp al, 39h ; Compare AL to '9'

jle a2 ; If less than or equal, jump to 'a2'

sub al, 07h ; Subtract 7 to adjust for letters (A-F)

a2:

sub al, 30h ; Convert ASCII digit to numeric value

add al, bl ; Add the value from BL to AL

ret ; Return from the subroutine

display_hex:

mov rsi, disparr+03 ; Set RSI to the address where the result will be stored

mov rcx, 04 ; Set the loop counter to 4 (four hexadecimal digits)

l4:

mov rdx, 0 ; Clear RDX register

mov rbx, 10h ; Set RBX to 16 (hexadecimal base)

div rbx ; Divide RDX:RAX by RBX, quotient in RAX, remainder in RDX

cmp dl, 09h ; Compare the remainder to '9'

jbe add30 ; If less than or equal, jump to 'add30'

add dl, 07h ; Add 7 to adjust for letters (A-F)

add30:

add dl, 30h ; Convert the value to ASCII character

mov [rsi], dl ; Store the character in [rsi]

dec rsi ; Move to the previous position in [rsi]

dec rcx ; Decrease the loop counter

jnz l4 ; Jump to 'l4' if counter is not zer

mov rax, 1 ; Set RAX to 1 (file descriptor for standard output)

mov rdx, 1 ; Set RDX to 1 (length of the string to be displayed)

mov rdx, 04 ; Set RDX to 4 (length of the result string)

syscall ; Perform system call to display the result

ret ; Return from the subroutine

display_bcd:

mov al, [t1] ; Load the BCD digit from [t1] into AL

add al, 30h ; Convert the value to ASCII character

mov [t1], al ; Store the character back in [t1]

IO 1,1,t1,01 ; Display the BCD digit

ret ; Return from the subroutine

convert_hex:

mov al, [num] ; Load the ASCII digit from [num] into AL

sub al, 30h ; Convert ASCII digit to numeric value

ret