CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF GUJARAT

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Syllabus for M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences

(Semester I - IV)

Credit Based Semester System with effect from the

academic year 2023–2024

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 Syllabus for M. Sc. in Environmental Sciences
(Semester I - IV)
Credit Based Semester System

To be implemented from the Academic year 2023-24

1. The duration of the course shall be two academic years and the examination for the M.Sc.
degree in Environmental Science will be held in four semesters. The duration of the
semesters shall be as follows:
1st Semester - July – December
2nd Semester - January – May
3rd Semester - July – December
4th Semester - January – May
2. The actual credit requirements in the case of a student or a group of students for the Master’s
degree shall be 72 credits.

3. This course provides an option of Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) for optional papers. The
CBCS gives choice for students to select the optional courses from the list of courses provided by
SESD, SLS or SCS of CUG or Science Schools/Departments/Centres of any other Institutes/
Universities of National importance.

4. Semester-wise distribution of courses:

Semester Courses No. of Courses Credits

I Core courses 2 8
Optional courses 2 8
Others 1 4
Total 5 20
Holistic 1 2

II Core courses 2 8
Optional courses 2 8
Others 1 4
Total 5 20
Extra credits 2
Holistic 1 2

III Core courses 4 16

Optional courses 2 4/4
Others 1 4
Total 7 24
Multidisciplinary 1 2
Course
IV Others (Project) 1 16
Term Paper 1 4
Total 1 20

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5. A candidate shall be eligible for appearing at the examination provided he/she prosecutes a
regular course of studies in Environmental Science maintaining percentage of attendance as
specified by the University.

6. Examinations would be held after the completion of curriculum at the end of each
semester. However, evaluation of the practical will be based on continuous assessment as
well as on the final Viva-Voce examination of the students on the experiments.

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 Programme Outcomes (POs)

PO 1 To impart knowledge in the basic and advanced areas to solve practical problems
related to environment
PO 2 To enrich the thinking capability of the professionals and to evaluate the
interactions among various components of environment
PO 3 To understand the vital connections between the biotic and abiotic components
of environment.
PO 4 To enhance the ability to integrate as well as synthesize the acquired knowledge
in their fields and beyond to everyday life
PO 5 To benefit the society through entrepreneurial thinking and career-oriented
approach in research as well as in industries.
PO 6 To train the students to function effectively as an individual and as a team
member or leader in diverse/multidisciplinary areas.

Programme Specific Outcome (PSOs)

PSO 1 To develop understanding of anthropogenic activities and its influence on natural

processes.
PSO 2 To educate the young minds to serve the society towards sustainable practices.
PSO 3 To train the students to function as environmental professional to meet recent
global challenges
PSO 4 To acquaint the students with the interconnection among watershed, air shed and
global climate change
PSO 5 To develop capacity building, problem solver professionals through R & D
activities and with job oriented course curricula capable to offer consultancy and
extension activities

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 Course layout of different semester for M.Sc. in
Environmental Sciences
Semester – I
CORE COURSES
Course Paper Paper Name Unit Topic Credits Hours
Code No. / Week
ESD Environmental I Fundamentals of Environmental 4 4
401 Sciences-An Sciences
Interdisciplinar II Environmental Chemistry
y Approach III Aquatic and Terrestrial
Environment
IV Global environmental issues in
present scenario
ESD Environmental I
Fundamentals of Ecology 4 4
402 Ecology II
Population and Community
Ecology
III Bio-Geochemical Cycles &
Energy system
IV Industrial Ecology
OPTIONAL COURSES
ESD Natural I Earth Systems and Earth’s 4 4
421 Resources and Processes
Sustainable II Environmental Resources
Development III Environmental Geochemistry
IV Sustainable Development
ESD Environmental I Air Pollution 4 4
422 Pollution II Water Pollution
III Soil Pollution
IV Noise and Radioactive pollution
OTHERS
ESD Practical I Practical based on ESD401 4 8
441 Semester I II Practical based on ESD402
III Practical based on ESD421
IV Practical based on ESD422
TOTAL 20 24
Holistic Development under NEP 02 02
2020

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 Semester – II
CORE COURSES
Course Paper Paper Name Unit Topic Credits Hours
Code No. / Week
ESD 1 Biodiversity and I Biodiversity Concept 4 4
451 conservation II Biodiversity and Evaluations
III Biodiversity Conservation
and Management
IV Biodiversity Conservation
and Biodiversity Act
ESD 2 I Environmental Monitoring 4 4
452 Advanced II Instrumental Method for
Instrumentation Analysis
for III Instruments for
environmental Environmental Analysis
application IV Basics in analysis

OPTIONAL COURSES
ESD 3 Advance I Air Pollution Control 4 4
471 Pollution Control Technology
Technology II Water Pollution Control
Technology
III Soil Pollution Control
Technology
IV Advanced Pollution Control
Technology
ESD 4 Climate Change I Introduction to climate 4 4
472 and its mitigation Change
Measures II Climate Change Impact &
Risk Assessment
III Technology to Combat
Climate change
IV Policy and Mitigation
Measures
OTHERS
ESD 5 Practical I Practical based on ESD451 4 4
491 Semester II
II Practical based on ESD452
III Practical based on ESD471

TOTAL 20 24
Holistic Development under NEP 02 02
2020
*A compulsory 02 credit two to four weeks summer industrial training programme to be
undertaken by students.

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 Semester – III

CORE COURSES
Cours Paper Paper Name Unit Topic Credits Hours / Week
e No.
Code
ESD 1 Environmental I Environmental 4 4
501 Biotechnology Biotechnology: An
Introduction
II Remediation Technology
III Waste Treatment
IV Agro biotechnology
ESD 2 Environmental I Environmental 4 4
502 Nanotechnolog nanotechnology: An
y Introduction
II Nano material Synthesis
and Characterization
III Nano remediation
Technology
IV Sustainable
Nanotechnology
ESD 3 Eco-technology I Introduction to Eco- 4 4
503 Technology
II Eco technology in cleaner
production
III Eco- technological
restoration
IV Biomass Conversion
process
ESD 4 Research I Introduction to Research 4 4
504 Methodology methodology
and Statistics II Design of experiment
III Environmental Statistics
IV Technical Writing and
Communication skills
OPTIONAL COURSES*
ESD 5 Environment I Introduction to 4
521 Management Environment
Management
II Environment Management
Systems and Life Cycle
Assessment
III Environmental Audit and
Environmental Economics
IV Environmental laws
ESD 6 Renewable I Energy: Renewable & 4 4
522 Energy Non Renewable
Resources II Renewable Energy

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 III Bioenergy
IV Alternative Energy
Resources

ESD 7 Occupational I Industrial Hygiene 4 4

523 Health, Concept
Industrial II Occupational health and
Hygiene and Industrial Work
Safety Environment
III Operational Control
Measures

IV Environmental Safety

*Any one from ESD521, ESD522 and ESD523

ESD 4 Practical I Major Practical based on 4 8

541 Semester III ESD501, ESD502,
ESD503
II Minor Practical based on
ESD501, ESD502,
ESD503
TOTAL 24 28
Multidisciplinary Course 02
under NEP 2020

Semester – IV

CORE COURSES
Course Paper Paper Name Unit Topic Credits Hours
Code No. / Week
Optional courses
OTHERS
ESD 1 Project 16
591
ESD 2 Term Paper 04
592
TOTAL 20

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 School of Environment and Sustainable Development
Scheme of Courses M.Sc.
M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences

Detail Syllabus for Semester I

CORE COURSE
Introduction / Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 401 Environmental Sciences-An Interdisciplinary Approach
Course Objective: The course is designed to develop the basics of environment, its functioning and interactions
that influences the globe positively and negatively. Students from different disciplines of science need the basis
to understand the further advanced courses and researches being carried out in this area.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Develop knowledge about the basics of Environmental
Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences Sciences, interactions among biotic and abiotic factors
of environment and environment in terms of socio-
economic benefits.
Unit-II LO2 The chemistry that binds the different layers of
Environmental Chemistry environment through reactions and balancing of
chemical molecules.
Unit-III LO3 Understand characteristics of soil, water and the
Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment reactions and functions in nature.
Unit-IV LO4 An insight into anthropogenic activities that lead to
Environmental Biology imbalance in ecosystem natural disasters, and climate
change.

ESD401: Environmental Sciences -An Interdisciplinary Approach

Unit I
Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences

Environmental Science: Definition, Principle, Scope, Structure and function of environment. Abiotic and
biotic factors: Earth as Eco-system: changes and equilibrium in system. Importance of Environmental
Economics. Cost benefits analysis; Use of Natural Resources vis-à-vis sustainability. Strategies for
preservation and conversation of environment.

Unit II

Environmental Chemistry

Environmental Chemistry: concept and scope, Stoichiometry, Chemical potential, Chemical equilibria, Acid-
Base reactions, Solubility products, Solubility of gases in water, Gas Laws, Classification of elements.
Chemical speciation. Atmosphere: Composition, Structure & Heat balance. Particles, Ions and Radicals in
atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter, Chemistry of Air
pollutants. Thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.
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Thermodynamic Laws: Entropy, Enthalpy and Gibb’s energy. Heat transfer process. Mass, Energy, Material
transfer and balance.

Unit III

Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment

Aquatic Environment: Characteristics and structure of water bodies. Physio-chemicals and biological
parameters. Sources of water contaminants
Terrestrial Environment: Types and formation of soil. Soil Chemistry, Characteristics of soil. Structure and
function of soil. Soil Profile – properties. Agrochemicals in the soil. Leachability and permeability of soil.

Unit IV:

Global environmental issues in present scenario

Interaction between Earth, Man and Environment. Case studies on: Toxic Chemical Pollution and Cross-Border Transfer
of hazardous waste; Emerging pollutants; Water crisis; Soil fertility; Forest cover changes; Natural and anthropogenic
disasters; Urbanisation and Industrialisation; Biodiversity loss; Public health issues; Population and Society

Texts/References:
1. P. D. Sharma; Ecology and Environment; Volume 22 of Popular Biology Text Books Rastogi
Publications, 2007
2. Stanley E. Manahan; Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry; Publisher: CRC Press 1993.
3. M. H. Fulekar; Environmental Biotechnology; Science Publishers, 2010.
4. M. Dayal- Renewable Energy; Environment and Development, Konark Pub.Pvt.Ltd.
5. D.D. Mishra-Fundamental of Environmental Studies, S Chand & Co Ltd (1 December 2010).
6. E.D. Enger, B. E. Smith; Environmental Sciences-A study of Inter relationships, WCB Publication.

Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences

ESD 402 Environmental Ecology
Course Objective: This courses is designed to develop understanding on the ecological concepts and ecosystem
functioning
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Develop concept of ecology and Ecosystem. Critically
Fundamentals of Ecology acclaimed the interactions between living-non living
and living – living component of ecosystem. Acquire
knowledge of some basic type of ecosystems.
Unit-II LO2 Develop knowledge about origin and evaluation of
Population and Community Ecology species, Structure of population and establishment of
community in ecosystem.
Unit-III LO3 Understanding of cycling of minerals and content of
Bio-Geochemical Cycles & Energy System nutrient at various component of ecosystem. Insight of
flow of energy in ecosystem.
Unit-IV LO4 Understand the concept of industrial development in
Industrial Ecology synergy with environment

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 CORE COURSE
ESD402: Environmental Ecology
Unit I
Fundamentals of Ecology

Ecology: Definition, Principles, Objectives & Scope. Concept of carrying capacity, Assimilative capacity and
ecological foot prints. Food chain & Food web. Ecological pyramids. Ecological niche. Keystone species.
Ecotypes. Plant Indicators. Ecological Adaptation. Ecological Genetics and Behaviour Ecology.
Eco-System: Concept, Components, Types, Structure, Functions and Stability. Characteristics and
Components of Aquatic, Terrestrial and Marine ecosystem. Ecosystems: flow of energy and matter. Coexistence
in communities-food webs

Unit II
Population and Community Ecology
Population ecology: Origin of life and Speciation. Population dynamics, interaction and regulation. Life
supporting system: Population Genetics, Meta-population, Population density, Structure and function.
Ecological succession: Types, trends and models. Concept of climax. Impacts of Invasive species: Ecological,
Environmental and Economical.
Community ecology: Origin, evolution, structure, composition and development of community; Ecotone and
concept of Edge effect.

Unit III
Bio-Geochemical Cycles & Energy System
Bio-Geochemical Cycles: Gases and sedimentation cycles - Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Sulphur cycle,
Phosphorus cycle and their interaction.

Earth Energy Flow System: Energy Cycles and Energy Budget. Nutrient budgets (terrestrial, aquatic). Green
House gasses. Green House Effect. Energy pyramid.

Unit IV
Industrial Ecology
Industrial Ecology: Concept of Industrial Ecology. Eco-product design, Development and Eco labelling.
Ecological industrial model. Eco-industrial parks, Industrial symbiosis, Life cycle assessment of Eco-products.

Texts/References:
1. E.P.Odum (1996) Fundamentals of Ecology, Nataraj Publisher. Dehra Dun.
2. K.M.M. Dakshini (1999) Principle and Practices in Plant Ecology, CRC,Boston.
3. M.C.Dash (1994) Fundamentals of Ecology, Tata McGraw Hill. New Delhi.
4. M.C.Mollesh Jr. (1999) Ecology-Concepts and Aplication, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
5. M.H.Fulekar (2013) Envrionment & Sustainable Development.
6. V.Ingegnoli (2002) Landscape Ecology: a widening foundation, Springer, Bonn.
7. E.J. Kormondi (1999) Concept of Ecology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
8. Chapman, J.L. and Reiss M.J. (2005) Ecology Principles And Applications, Cambridge University
Press, London.
9. E.P.Odum and G.W.Barrett (2005) Fundamentals of Ecology, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.
10. S.V.Rana (2005) Essential of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
11. Environment And Ecology-EAS105/EAS 205-R.Radagopalan.

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 Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 421 Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
Course Objective:
To develop analytical skill of sampling procedure for various environmental samples
To estimate the pollutants, present in the air, water and soil environment
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Helps to understand the fundamental concepts of
Earth Systems and Earth’s Processes various spheres and their interactions; Catastrophic
natural hazards : Prediction and preparedness
Unit-II LO2 To know about earth and ocean mineral resources,
Environmental Resources detail study of different component of Hydrological
cycle, and land use Planning
Unit-III LO3 Biogeochemical behavior of trace metal.
Environmental Geochemistry Basic principle of remote sensing and GIS and its
application in natural resource management
Unit-IV LO4 To understand principles and strategies of Sustainable
Sustainable Development Development (SD); various SD Models; Sustainable
Energy Resources

OPTIONAL COURSE
ESD421: Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
Unit I
Earth Systems and Earth’s Processes

Conservation of matter in various geospheres: Fundamental concepts of the five spheres (lithosphere,
hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and cryosphere); interactions between the five spheres; Energy budget of
the earth. Earth’s thermal environment and seasons. , General relationship between landscape, biomes and
climate. Climates of India. Indian Monsoon. El Nino. Droughts. Tropical cyclones and Western Disturbances.
Earths processes: concept of residence, time and rates of natural cycles. Catastrophic geological hazards.
Weathering; Plate tectonics; floods; landslides; earthquakes; volcanism; avalanche; Prediction and perception
of the natural hazards and adjustments to hazardous activities

Unit II

Environmental Resources

Mineral Resources and Environment: Resources and Reserves, Minerals and Population. Oceans as new areas
for exploration of mineral resources. Ocean ore and recycling of resources. Environmental impact of
exploitation, processing and smelting of minerals.
Water Resources and Environment: Global Water Balance. Ice sheets and fluctuations of sea levels. Origin
and composition of seawater. Hydrological cycle. Factors influencing the surface water. Types of water.

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Resources of oceans. Ocean pollution by toxic wastes. Human use of surface and groundwaters. Groundwater
pollution.
Landuse Planning: The landuse plan. Soil surveys in relation to landuse planning. Methods of site selection
and evaluation.

Unit III

Environmental Geochemistry

Environmental Geochemistry: Concept of major, minor, trace and REE. Classification of trace elements.
Mobility of trace elements. Geochemical cycles. Biogeochemical factors in environmental health. Human use,
Trace elements and health. Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements. Diseases induced by human
use of land.
Remote sensing: Principle, application in Environmental Sciences. Application of GIS in environment
management.

Unit IV

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development: Principles and Scope of sustainability, Strategies for promoting sustainable
development and consumption, Current issues and areas of debate in relation to sustainable development,
carrying capacity based planning processes.
Sustainable development control and model: Environmental sustainability, Energy security, Water security,
Food security and Social security.
Sustainable Energy Resources: Renewable energy for sustainable development. Natural resources and
sustainable development. International efforts for conservation of resources.

Texts/References:
1. M.H. Fulekar, Bhawana Pathak, R K Kale; Environment and Sustainable Development; Springer;
2014.
2. Harikesh N. Misra; Managing Natural Resources: Focus on Land and Water; PHI 2014.
3. Kathy Wilson Peacock; Natural Resources and Sustainable Development.
4. Elizabeth Berner, Robert Berner; Global Enviroment - Water, Air, and Geochemical
Cycles, Princeton University Press; 2nd Revised edition edition 2012.
5. Nelson Eby; Principles of Environmental Geochemistry, Brooks/Cole 2003.
6. Elizabeth Berner, Robert Berner; Global Enviroment - Water, Air, and Geochemical
Cycles, Princeton University Press; 2nd Revised edition edition 2012.
7. Nelson Eby; Principles of Environmental Geochemistry,Brooks/Cole 2003.

Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences

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 ESD 422 Environmental Pollution
This course aims with a variety of perspective on the air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and noise and
radioactive pollution sources. Here in this course we attempt to present why the people are so perturbed by the
various types of the pollution problems.
Course Objective:
To understand the basic of air, water, soil, noise and radioactive pollution, their effects on human health, plants,
animals, microbes and materials.
Meteorology in the dispersion of the air pollutants, various dispersion models and various types of the sampling
involved in testing of the pollutants.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Understand the sampling procedures to collect the
Air Pollution samples from ambient air and stacks to estimate the
pollutants concentrations
Understand the hazardous air pollution episodes
Unit-II LO2 Characterize the physicochemical and biological
Water Pollution parameters of the water and wastewater
To inspect the contaminated site/treatment facility to
assess its status
Unit-III LO3 Characterize the physicochemical and biological
Soil Pollution parameters of the soils
Understand the source of the pollutants adversely
affecting the properties of the soil
Decide the appropriate remediation technology after
the assessment of its physicochemical properties
Unit-IV LO4 Understand the sources and consequences of the noise
Noise and Radioactive Pollution and radioactive pollution
Remedial strategies to mitigate the noise and
radioactive pollution

OPTIONAL COURSE
ESD422: Environmental Pollution
Unit-I

Air Pollution

Air Pollution: Definition. Natural and man-made Air pollution. Types and classification of air pollutants.
Transport and diffusion of pollutants. Laws governing behaviour of pollutants in the atmosphere. Effect of air
pollutants on human health, plants, animals, microbes and materials. Acid rain. Ozone depletion. Global
warming and climate change.
Meteorology of air pollution: Wind speed, direction and their vertical profiles, turbulence, temperature
inversion, atmospheric stability classes and characteristic. Heat Island effects and Wind valley effect.
Dispersion models.
Sampling of gaseous and particulate pollutants: Ambient air and stack; Elements; sampling systems: active
and passive sampling.
Unit-II

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Water Pollution

Water Pollution: Definition, Types, Sources and consequences of water pollution. Physico-chemical and
microbial characteristics: Domestic, Industrial and Agricultural Wastewater. River Pollution, Marine Pollution
and Thermal Pollution. Water Quality Parameters: Criteria and Standards.

Unit-III

Soil Pollution

Soil Pollution: Definition, Sources, Types of soil pollution. Physicochemical and microbial Characteristics of
soil pollutants. Soil pollution from Industrial Waste, Domestic Waste, Agricultural Waste and Agrochemical
residues. Detrimental effects of soil pollutants. Remedial measures of soil pollution.

Unit-IV

Noise and Radioactive Pollution

Noise pollution: Sources of Noise pollution. Measurement of Noise and Indices. Noise exposure levels and
standards. Noise control and abatement measures. Sound pressure level, noise-spectra-octave bands.
Combining decibels. Impacts of noise pollution on human health.
Radioactive Waste: Organic and Inorganic. Radioactive exposer to human and environment. Remedial
Measures.

Texts/References:
1. Fundamental of Air pollution. 4th Edition, Daniel Vallero, Academic Press, Elsevier . H. Fulekar;.
2. Ambasht R.S.; Environment and Pollution: An Ecological Approach, CBS Publishers & Distributors;
1st Ed. edition 2014.
3. Bruce Rittman, Perry L. McCarty. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, 2 nd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000.
4. R.K. Khitoliya; Environmental Pollution, S Chand & Co Ltd; 1st Edn. 2004 edition (1 December
2006).
5. N.Kumar; Air pollution and Environmental Protection-Legislative policies, Mittal Publication.

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 Introduction / Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 441 Practical Semester I The course is design to provide competency to understand various
environmental samples. This course is extension of the theoretical content cover in the courses of ESD401,
ESD402, ESD421 and ESD421 for the implementation of practical applicability.
Course Objective: To develop analytical skill of sampling procedure for various environmental samples
To estimate the pollutants, present in the air, water and soil environment
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 This practical is designed to give practical
Practical based on ESD401 knowledge of sampling process and analysis of
environmental samples. They also learn the survey
for assessing the environmental issues in present
conditions.
Unit-II LO2 To obtain practical knowledge to assess
Practical based on ESD402 ecosystem structure and its productivity. Student
will also learn to identify ecological problems
associated with industries
Unit-III LO3 To develop the skill for remediation of soil through
Practical based on ESD421 physical, chemical and biological methods
Unit-IV LO4 Estimate the concentration of a pollutant present
Practical based on ESD422 in the air, water and soil
Understand characteristic of Industrial
effluent/wastewater for its suitability to
reuse/treatment
Measuring the Noise pollution level at industrial
and residential area

OPTIONAL COURSE
ESD441: Practical Semester –I
Practical based on ESD401
Major:
1. Estimation of organic carbon and SOM
2. Assessment of physico-chemical characters of soil
3. Study of biological properties of soil
Minor
1. Procedure for collection, and preparation Environmental Samples for analysis.
2. Literature survey and documentation on global environmental issues

Practical based on ESD402

Major:
1. Quantitative characterization of plant community.
2. Evaluation of species diversity indices in a given plant community.
3. Determination of Important Value Index (IVI) of trees in Forest Ecosystem.
Minor:
1. Estimation of primary productivity by harvest method.

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 2. Industrial Ecology survey: Questionnaire/Interview/ Discussion.
Practical based on ESD421
Major:
1. Remote sensing and GIS - Applications of GPS, Image interpretation. Digitization and data
generation.
2. Survey for sustainability in rural areas.
Minor
1. Determination of selected elements in mineral and ores.
2. Soil texture analysis.
3. Physicochemical characterization of water samples.
Practical based on ESD422
Major:
1. Estimation of Gaseous pollutant (SOx, NOx, and Ozone) in ambient air.
2. Physicochemical Characterization of Industrial Effluents.
Minor:
1. Determination of particulate matter in (SPM, RSPM) in ambient air.
2. Measurement of Noise level in Industrial and Residential area.

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 Detail Syllabus for Semester II
CORE COURSE
Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 451 Biodiversity and Conservation
Course Objective: To understand the importance of biodiversity and learn about the various methods and
strategies of biodiversity conservation
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Understand the values and issues associated with
Biodiversity Concept biodiversity
Unit-II LO2 Understand the national and internal status of
Biodiversity and Evaluations biodiversity and need of equity in the use of the
benefits of biodiversity and in actions to address
biodiversity loss
Unit-III LO3 Understand the importance, need and various
Biodiversity Conservation and Management strategies of biodiversity conservations
Unit-IV LO4 Understand convention of biodiversity, provisions
Biodiversity Conservation and Biodiversity under biodiversity Act and various national and
Act international programme on biodiversity

ESD451: Biodiversity and conservation

Unit-I
Biodiversity concept

Biodiversity concept: Definition, Components, Types of diversity: Ecosystem diversity, Species diversity, and
Genetic diversity. Alfa, Beta and Gamma diversity. Integrated Biological Indices. Biodiversity values:
economical values, food & agriculture, medicine, Industrial material, cultural and aesthetic values, Ecological
values. Key stone, Umbrella & Flag ship species, endemic species. Biodiversity issues. Loss of Biodiversity-
causes and consequences. Species Extinction.

Unit-II

Biodiversity and Evaluations

Biodiversity status: International/national status. IUCN red list, Threatened Species, Endangered Species,
vulnerable species, rare species, extinct species, future prospects. Biodiversity hotspot, India as mega
biodiversity hotspot.
Biodiversity provisions: Collective rights, food security, right to land, territories and natural resources, equity,
local knowledge, cultural diversity, woman leadership role stop patenting life.

Unit-III

Biodiversity Conservation and Management

Biodiversity Conservation: Importance and need of biodiversity conservation. Strategies for Biodiversity
conversation: In-situ National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, N Preservation plots, Sacred groves Ex-
situ conservation: Botanical gardens, Zoos, Aquaria, Herbaria. In vitro conservation: Germplasm & gene

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bank, Tissue culture, Pollen, spore and seed bank, DNA bank. Man and biosphere programme (MAB).

New Conservation strategies: Community reserves, community-oriented approaches, drawing from local
values, knowledge and experiences, rendering civil society more responsive, harnessing voluntary action.
REDD and REDD+

Unit-IV

Biodiversity Convention and Biodiversity Act

Relevant article on CBD, sharing benefit, biological resources, Biotechnology. Conservation of Eco-System,
Sustainable use of biodiversity, transfer of technology, adaption of biodiversity protocols, Bio prospecting.

Biodiversity Act: provisions under biodiversity Act, National and International programme on biodiversity,
species management. Biodiversity- IPR, wildlife protection act 1972, Forest Act, International and National
policies, Role of WWF, WCU, CITES, TRAFFIC. Role of Government and NGOs. Environmental education
and Conservation. State and National Biodiversity Board.

Texts/References:
1. Eric Chivian Aaron Bernstein (2008). Sustaining Life: How Human Health Depends on Biodiversity
2. Shahid Naeem, Daniel E. Bunker, Andy Hector and Michel Loreau (2009) Biodiversity, ecosystem
functioning and human wellbeing: An ecological and economic perspective.
3. W.W.Colins and C.O.Qualset (1998) Biodiversity in Agro-ecosystem, CRC, Boston.
4. M.H.Fulekar (2010) Environmental Biotechnology, CRC.
5. M.H.Fulekar (2005) Environmental Biotechnology, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi.
6. Michael J. Jeffries. (2006). Biodiversity and Conservation. Routledge
7. Ahuja, M. R., Ramawat, K.G. (2014). Biotechnology and Biodiversity. Springer.

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 CORE COURSE
Introduction / Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 452 Instrumentation & Environmental Statistics
In this course the students will learn about the instrumentation techniques applies to environmental samples
analysis/monitoring. The statistical contents help the student in validating the data collected
Course Objective:
To understand the basic of air, water, soil, samples collection and various instrumental methods used for
environmental monitoring
To understand the principle, and working of the various basic and advanced instrument used in the
environmental sampling and analysis
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Understand the air, water and soil samples collection,
Environmental Monitoring processing and analysis
Understand basic analytical terminology and various
standards preparation for samples analysis.
Unit-II LO2 Understand the basic of electromagnetic spectrum for
Instrumental Method for Analysis instrumentation applications
Basic instruments used in the environmental samples
analysis
Unit-III LO3 Basic of advanced instrumentation in environmental
Advance Instrumental samples analysis
Methods for Environmental Analysis
Unit IV LO4 To understand the application of instruments to the
Bioinstrumentation environmental context.

ESD452: Advanced Instrumentation for Environmental Applications

Unit I
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental sampling: Air, Water, Soil-collection, preservation, storage and analysis of samples.
Methods for analysis of Environmental Samples.
Basic Terminology: Equivalent weight of an acids and bases, Normality, Molarity, Molality, Specific weight,
Buffer solution. Precision and accuracy.
Unit-II
Instrumental Methods for Analysis
Fundamentals of basic instruments: Concept, Electromagnetic spectrum, Quantum theory, Beer-lambert law.
Instrumentations: Theory, Principles, Working operation and application of Colourimetry, Flame photometry,
Polarimetry,
Spectrophotometry: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, Gamma
Spectroscopy, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Gas chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, Infra-
Red Spectroscopy.
Unit-III
Instruments for Environmental Analysis
Fundamentals of instrumentations: Theory, principles working operation and application of Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance, X-RAY Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy.
Chromatography: Gas Chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography, High Performance Thin
layer chromatography.
Unit-IV
20
Bioinstrumentations: Biosensors, Electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis, Polymerase chain reaction,
conventional microscopy, Bioreactors. Green methodology in labs.
Text/References:
1. M.H.Fulekar and Bhawana Pathak (2013). Bioinstrumentation. I K International publication, New
Delhi,
2. Willard.H., Merritt L., Dean, D.A. and Settle F.A., (1998). Instrumentation Methods of Analysis. 7th
Edition, Wordsworth, New York.
3. Galen.W. Ewing, (1995). Instrumental Methods of Chemicals Analysis. 5th Edition, McGraw Hill,
New York.
4. Roger Reeve (2002). Introduction to Environmental Analysis, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
5. D.A.Skoog, D.M. West and F.J.Holler. (2001). Fundamentals of Analytical chemistry, 7th Edition.
Harcourt Asia PTE.Ltd, New Delhi,
6. APHA standard methods for Water and Wastewater Examination, (1998). 20th Edition, Washington,
7. Kim, Young, Platt, Ulrich. (2008). Advanced Environmental Monitoring. Springer
8. Janick Artiola, Ian L. Pepper, Mark L. Brusseau. (2004). Environmental Monitoring and
Characterization. Elsevier.

Library link, Central University of Gujarat: http://14.139.122.35/drupal/node/19

21
 OPTIONAL COURSE
Introduction / Pre-requisites for the Course:
M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 471 Advance Pollution Control Technology
This course is design to explain the pollutant capturing/ treatment using basic to the advanced pollution
controlling technology from the diverse pollution sources in air, water and soil.
Course Objective:
To understand the designing, operation and maintenance of air pollution, water pollution and, soil
contaminants treatment technology
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Understand the air pollution controlling devices for the capturing/treatment of the
pollutants emitted from the stacks and mobile sources
Unit-II LO2 Understand the strategies and decision making process for the selection of appropriate
waste treatment technology
Understand preliminary, secondary, tertiary wastewater treatment and chemical
process involved in water treatment
Unit-III LO3 Understand and implementation of the various physical, chemical and biological
treatment technology for decontaminate the soil site
Unit-IV LO4 Understand the Advanced Pollution Control Technology for the treatment of various
organic and inorganic pollutants from the contaminated site/samples

ESD471: Advance Pollution Control Technology

Unit I

Air Pollution Control Technology

Abatement of Air Pollution, Control of air pollutants: General methods for control of Gaseous and particulate
pollutants- Adsorption, Absorption, Oxidation, Desulphurization, Scrubbers, Condensers, Settling chambers,
control equipment for particulate matter-gravity settling chambers, cyclone separator, electrostatic
precipitators, Filters: Fabric filters, Bag House filter, Hybrid filters.
Mobile source emission control: Catalytic Convertor. 3-way catalytic convertor. Oxidation catalyst. particle
filtration.

Unit II

Water Pollution Control Technology

Wastewater: Nature and constituents, Treatment strategies.

Biological Treatment measures: Dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, nutrient, alkalinity and pH, temperature,
micro-organisms. Energy reactions-aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aerobic: Nitrosobactor, thiobacillus.
Anaerobic: Denitrification, phosphorous removal, sulphur reduction.
Preliminary treatment: Unit operation, Screening, Coarse and Grit removal. Primary Treatment:
Sedimentation, Equalization Tank, Gravity settling tank, Primary and secondary clarifiers.
Secondary treatment:, biological tower, combined filtration and aeration processes, tapered, step and extended
aeration.
Tertiary treatment: Disinfection treatment processes.
22
Chemical treatment processes: Coagulation, flocculation, chemical oxidation/reduction, and chemical
neutralization, ozonisation, chlorination.

Unit-III

Soil Pollution Control Technology

Remedial measures for soil pollution. In situ and ex-situ treatment Technology. Physical/Chemical Treatment
Technologies: solidification/stabilization, soil flushing, Chemical oxidation/reduction, electro- kinetic
separation, pyrolysis, incineration, plasma pyrolysis. Biological Treatment Technologies: Bioremediation,
Phytoremediation.
Bioremediation: Bioventing, Air Sparging, Biosparging, Land treatment. Phyoremediation: Phytoextraction,
Phytovolatization, Phytodegradation, Phytotransformation, Rhizosphere bioremediation.

Unit-IV

Advanced Pollution Control Technology

Trickling filters, Rotating biological contactors, Activated sludge technology, Anaerobic digester, Anaerobic
contact processes, Fluidized bed reactor, Slurry bioreactor, Sequence batch reactor. Anaerobic sludge blanket
reaction, Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), Anaerobic baffle reactor, Bioleaching, Heavy metal
removal: bio absorption, bioaccumulation, biotransformation.

Texts/References:
1. M.H.Fulekar (2010) Bioremedition technology recent advances, Springer.
2. M.H.Fulekar.(2005) Environmental Biotechnology. Oxford IBH Publishing Corporation.
3. N.P.Cheremisinoff (1996) Biotechnology for Waste and Wastewater Treatment, William Andrew
Publishing, New York.
4. Bruce Rittman, Perry L. McCarty. (2000). Environmental Biotechnology: Principles And Applications,
2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill.
5. Raina M. Maierm Ian L. Peppar, Charles P. Gerba. (2000). Envrionmental Microbiology, Academic
Press,
6. Gabriel Bitton. (1999) Wastewater Microbilogy, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Liss.
7. Lawrence K. Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas. (2009) Handbook of Advanced Industrial
and Hazardous Wastes Treatment. CRC Press.
8. Lawrence K. Wang, Norman C. Pereira, Yung-Tse Hung. (2005) Advanced Air and Noise Pollution
Control. Springer.
9. Martin B. Hocking. (2005) Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control. Elsevier.

23
 OPTIONAL COURSE
Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 472 Climate Change and its mitigation Measures
Course Objective: To understand the various natural and anthropogenic impacts affecting climate, its impact on
natural resources, various technology through which we can mitigate climate change. This course also includes
various national and international policies which have been implemented to curb the climate change.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Understand the climate dynamics, various factor
Introduction to Eco-Technology affecting this, processes through which we can quantify.
Unit-II LO2 Impact assessment will help to understand the
Eco technology in Cleaner Production vulnerability of the system, various adaptation
measurements. Use of techniques to quantify the
changes.
Unit-III LO3 Various technology to reduce the CO2 content
Eco-technological Restoration
Unit-IV LO4 Understand various national and international policies
Biomass Conversion process

ESD472: CLIMATE CHANGE & ITS MITIGATION MEASURE

Credit-4
Unit I: Introduction to climate Change

Climate as a dynamic Earth System, Weather and Climate, Erath’s energy Budget, Global Climate overview,
Climate variability, Greenhouse gases – short term & long term impact, drivers of Climate change, Emission
Scenario-Global and Indian scenario, Heat transport in climate change system, Global and Regional
Circulation Pattern, Evolution of climate in geological time scale. Global Warming-key issues relevant to
climate change.

Unit II: Climate Change Impact & Risk Assessment

Impacts on Physical Environment: Temparature Rise, Sea level Rise. Impact on: Glacier including Himalayan
pattern, Rainfall Pattern, Hydrology and Water resources, Forest, Agricultural and Food Security,
Biodiversity, Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems, Human Health and other environmental consequences,
Concept of Vulnerability. Risk assessment. Climate Change- Adaptation and mitigation.

Unit III: Technology to Combat Climate change

Carbon Sequestration: Carbon Pool, stock, Flux, Sink, Source & Sequestration, Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM), REDD, REDD++, Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)- Pre-combustion Capture
(gasification or reforming), Post-combustion Capture-high pressure membrane filtration,
adsorption/desorption processes and cryogenic separation), Oxy-fuel combustion System, Carbon trading, De-
carbonization of Carbon dioxide, Reservoir of CO2- Deep Ocean, Artificial Carbonate Rock. Technology
transfer and capacity building, Role of Global Environmental Facility (GEF) in technology transfer.

Unit IV: Policy and Mitigation Measures

24
International Efforts in combating climate Change: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), India's Initial National Communication (NATCOM) to United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, United Nation Development Program (UNDP), Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), CBD, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Conference
of Parties (COP)
India’s Perception to Climate Change-India’s National Action Plan (Eight Mission), Role of MOEF & other
national agencies, UNDP in India addressing climate change, Concept of Adaptation, Factors affecting
adaptation strategies. Mitigations Strategies-Policy, Planning, strategies and Program implementation.
Climate Change & Sustainable Development

Texts/References:
1. Andrew Dessler, Introduction to Modern Climate Change, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press,
2015.
2. Bruce Glavovic, Mick Kelly, Robert Kay, Ailbhe Travers, Climate Change and the Coast: Building
Resilient Communities, CRC Press, 2015
3. D. Hartmann, Global Physical Climatology, 1st Edition, Academic Press, 1994
4. David E. Kitchen, Global Climate Change: Turning Knowledge into
Action, 1st Edition, Prentice Hall, 2013
5. Grégory Beaugrand, Marine Biodiversity, Climatic Variability and Global Change, Earthscan from
Routledge, 2012
6. L.Hannah, Climate Change Biology, 2nd Edition, 2014
7. Ryo Fujikura, Tomoyo Toyota, Climate Change Mitigation and International Development
Cooperation, Routledge, 2012
8. Wolfson Richard, Energy, Environment, and Climate, Second
Edition, Norton, 2011

25
 OPTIONAL COURSE
Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 491 Practical Semester II
Course Objective:
To understand analytical technique/instruments of air, water, soil, microbial sampling and biodiversity
identification used for environmental health assessment
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 To locate different Biosphere Reserves, Hot spots, Wild
Practical based on ESD451 life Sanctuaries and Parks of India and identify
biodiversity at different scales
Unit-II LO2 Analysis of different collected Environmental Data
Practical based on ESD452
Unit-III LO3 To develop the skill for remediation of soil through
Practical based on ESD471 physical, chemical and biological methods
Unit-IV LO4 Contaminants in workplace environment and assessing
Practical based on ESD472 the parameters that could affect health of workers and
environment.

ESD491: Practical Semester –II

Practical based on ESD451
Major:
1. Indicate Biosphere Reserve, Hot spots, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Parks on map of India.
2. Inventerization of medicinal/ indigenous/ rare/endangered plant species of Gujarat.
Minor:
1. Determination of primary metabolites (protein & carbohydrates) in plant sample.
2. Determination of secondary metabolites (phenol & ascorbic acid) in plant Sample.

Practical based on ESD452

Major:
1. Determination of heavy metals in environment sample by spectrophotometer/AAS.
2. Determination of organic contaminants in environmental sample UV-visible
spectrophotometer/HPLC/ Gas chromatography.
Minor:
1. Preparation of acids and alkali of particular material(specify).
2. F-test, t- test and chi square test and correlation of given data set
3. Demonstration of instruments for analysis of environment samples.

Practical based on ESD453

Major:
1. Determination of suspended particulate matter associated pollutants (heavy metals).
2. Estimation of chemical and biological parameter in industrial waste effluent.
Minor:
1. Estimation of coagulant dose/ electrolyte using JAR test.
26
 2. Evaluation of constituents of municipal solid waste (MSW).
3. Estimation of oil and grease from soil/water sample.

Practical based on ESD454

Major:
1. Estimation of air borne contaminants in work place environments.
2. Industrial visit for major hazard control assessment.
Minor:
1. Measurement of noise level at workplace environment.
2. Estimation of light intensity at workplace environment.
3. Risk assessment of selected industry/ commercial complex/ institutions

27
 Detail Syllabus for Semester III
CORE COURSE
Introduction / Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 501 Environmental Biotechnology
Course Objective: To learn the application of biotechnology in protection and restoration of the environmental
quality
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Understand the use of biotechnology including genetic
Environmental Biotechnology engineering to solve environmental problems and
issues associated with it
Unit-II LO2 Understand the role of microorganisms in remediation
Bioremediation of contaminated environments
Unit-III LO3 Understand the role of plants in remediation of
Phytoremediation contaminated environments
Unit-IV LO4 Understand the concerns associated with use of
GMO and Biosafety genetically engineered microorganisms

ESD501: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT I

Environmental Biotechnology: An Introduction

Environmental Biotechnology: Concept & Historical perspective. Bioprocesses for Cleaner Production.
Biotechnological Research and Development. Bioethics, Genetic Engineering: Introduction to Recombinant DNA
Technology, Biotechnology to enhance Agricultural Productivity, Public Perception of Biotechnology, Protection of
Biotechnology Invention, Intellectual Property Right (IPR), Future of Biotechnology.
UNIT II
Remediation Technology
Bioremediation: Factor influencing Bioremediation, Microbial Metabolism, Enzymatic Degradation, Bio degradative
Pathways, Bioremediation: Heavy Metals, Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), Persistent
Pollutants, Nuclear Waste Compound, Indigenous Microorganisms, Microbial Sequencing, Development of
Phylogenetic Tree, Bioinformatics in Bioremediation, Genomic and metagenomics approaches - Bioremediation.
UNIT III
Phytoremediation: Approaches, Technical considerations, Type of Phytoremediation, Factor Influencing
Phytoremediation, Uptake and Translocation, Enzymatic Transformation, Cellular Mechanism for Heavy Metal,
Detoxification and Tolerance, Root Exudates, Phytochelatins, Mettalothioneins, Vascular Compartmentalization,
Phytoremediation: Novel Transgene Approach, Development of Mycorrhizal Soil, Ecological Remediation.
UNIT IV
GMO and Biosafety:
GMO as an Environmental and Health Issues, Biosafety Protocol, National Biosafety Framework Component, National
Biosafety Framework Component - Training and Capacity Building, GMO-Perspectives.
Texts/References:
1. M.H.Fulekar (2010) Bioremediation technology recent advances, springer
2. Environmental Biotechnology - Theory and Application – M.H.Fulekar: CRC Press and Science
Publisher, USA
3. M.H.Fulekar (2005) Environmental Biotechnology Oxford IBH Publishing cooperation
4. Bioinformatics – Application in Life & Environmental Sciences - M.H.Fulekar: Springer Publisher
5. Environmental Biotechnology-Alan Scragg, Oxford University Press.
28
6. Environmental Biotechnology, A Biosystems Approach, Author(s): Daniel A. Vallero, PhD, ISBN:
978-0-12-375089-1, Copyright © 2010 Elsevier
7. Bruce Rittman, Perry L. McCarty. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, 2nd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000.
8. Environmental Biotechnology: Basic Concepts and Applications. 2006, Indu Shekhar Thakur, I. K.
International Pvt Ltd.
9. N.P Cheremisinoff (1996) Biotechnology for Waste and Wastewater Treatment, William Andrew
Publishing,New York
10. Raina M. Maier, Ian L. Pepper, Charles P. Gerba. Environmental Microbiology, Academic Press, 2000.
11. Gabriel Bitton, Wastewater Microbiology, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Liss; 2nd Edition, 1999

29
 CORE COURSE
Introduction / Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 502 Environmental Nanotechnology
Course Objective:
1. To understand the concept and prospective of Environmental Nanotechnology and
2. To impart theoretical and practical skill to develop nanotechnological application for Environment
protection.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Learn a broad fundamental knowledge of the concept
Environmental Nanotechnology: An and prospective of Environmental Nanotechnology and
Introduction other basic terms related to nanotechnology.
Unit-II LO2 Understand the various methods of nanomaterials
Nano Material Synthesis Synthesis (physical, chemical, and biological process)
and Characterization and characterization by advance instruments
Unit-III LO3 Understand various process of remediation technology
Nano Remediation Technology using nano materials.
Unit-IV LO4 Understand Clean and Green Nanotechnology, life cycle
Sustainable Nanotechnology assessment of nanomaterial for sustainable technology.

ESD502: Environmental Nanotechnology

Unit I
Environmental nanotechnology: Introduction

Concept and prospective; research and development; Nano products: nanomaterials, nano devices, energy
efficient resources and materials, Nano engineering material for environmental process, operation and control;
Environmental clean-up technology approaches and advances.

Nanomaterials: Dendrimers, Nanocomposites, Nano polymers, Nano biopolymers, Nano biofilms, Nano
catalyst, Nano semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, Nano clays, Natural nanoparticles.

Unit II: Nano material Synthesis and Characterization

Synthesis of nanomaterials by physical, chemical and biological process: microbial (bacteria, fungi,
actinomycetes); plant based nanoparticle synthesis; Nano material - doping and co -doping; Green synthesis
of Nanomaterials. Characterization of Nano materials using advance instruments and Interpretation of data.

Unit III: Nano remediation Technology

Nano pollutant: Identification of nano pollutants, characterization of organics and inorganics in air-water-soil
environment and ecosystem.
Physic-chemical and biological methods, Nano filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis,
membrane filtration, nanotechnology for water remediation and purification, Nano treatments for industrial
waste and waste water

Unit IV: Sustainable Nanotechnology

Industrial ecology concept for nanotechnology, Fate of nanomaterials in environment, life cycle assessment
30
of nanomaterial, impacts of nanomaterials on health and environment, nanomaterial threats: ecotoxicology,
nanomaterial exposure to human and environmental reconnaissance and Surveillance. Clean and Green
Nanotechnology, Green Nano electronics, Green Nonmanufacturing, Nano-enhanced energy technologies,
Nano enhanced clean up technologies, Nano enhanced green industry technologies, Green nano Policy.

Texts/References:
1. M. H. Fulekar (2010) Nanotechnology Importance and applications, I K international publishing house
Pvt.Ltd.

2. Lynn E. Foster: Nanotechnology: Science, Innovation, and Opportunity, December 21, 2005, Prentice
Hall

31
 CORE COURSE
Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course:
ESD 503 Eco-Technology
This course is design based on fundamental knowledge of ecological sciences for the development of
sustainable solution and management of the pollution in an energy intensive way.
The ecosystem services and the pollution problems which are required for understanding this course have
been included in earlier courses.
Course Objective:
To understand the Ecosystem based treatment technology to cleanup the contaminated sites.
To understand the ecotechnology based cleaner production process and management of the waste for
energy recovery using biomass conversion processes
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Understanding the ecotechnology for social welfare and in the management of the
agrochemicals
Unit-II LO2 Understanding the ecotechnology based industrial production process for clean
production to minimize the pollution
Unit-III LO3 Understanding the ecotechnology for the restoration/remediation of the
degraded/underutized site
Unit-IV LO4 Understanding the biomass conversion process for biofuel and valuable product
formation

ESD503: Eco-technology
Credit-4
Unit I: Introduction to Eco-Technology

Ecotechnology: Definition, concept and perspective, Eco-designing, Ecotechnology approaches,

Ecotechnology for social welfare and sustainable development. Ecotechnology for rural development:
Agrochemicals: Synthetic organic chemicals conversion; Factors causing molecular recalcitrance; Molecular
structure, Environmental conditions, Microorganism gresencee, Energymetabolism versus cometabolism;
Biopesticides: Concept, Types of Biopesticides, Biopesticides- Control, Regulation of Biopesticides, Biological
Pesticides, Formulation, Stabilization, Mode of Action, Advantages and Disadvantages of Microbial Insecticides,
Applications, Biochemical Pest Control Agents.
Biofertilizers: Biofertilizer Perspective, Biofertilizers-Types, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azobacter, Phosphate
Solubilizing Microorganisms, Mycorrhiza, Blue Green Algae, Azolla, Compost, Biofertilizer- Potential Use, Biological
Nitrogen Fixation.

Unit II: Eco technology in cleaner production

Clean bioprocess technology: History, concept, planning and strategies for urban and rural sustainability.
Bioprocesses for cleaner production, sustainable development and economic benefits: Dairy industry
production, processes and development, Sericulture Technology, Aquaculture, Honey bee farming, organic
farming, Agro eco farming.
Eco-farming: Perspectives, Food sovereignty regarding rural livelihood, smarter food production and yield,
Eco engineering technology. Green Building, Biosenitizer Ecotechnology, Odourless self-flushing bio toilets.

Unit III: Eco- technological restoration

32
Concept and importance of SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary), WTO-SPS agreement, sanitation and
Phytosanitation technology: HBPST, TDC, SPS. Green Inhibiter: Environmental green inhibiter.
Eco system dynamics: Restoration of degraded eco system using
ecological approach; waste land, mining area, building resilience,
Ecological resilience, soil fertility management; water resource
management: Rainwater harvesting, Water conservation
practices (ancient and modern);

Unit IV: Biomass Conversion process

Biochemical conversion - anaerobic digestion; Types of biogas Plants; Applications – Bioethanol production,
Biohydrogen production; Bio-fuel production - Urban waste to energy conversion - Biomass energy
programme in India
Composting: Compost, Composting Process, Bio composting: Windrows, Static Pile, In Vessel Method, Challenges and
Benefits.
Vermicomposting: Vermicompost, Earthworm Biology, Create Home for Worms, Bedding, Vermicompost
Bins, Microorganism Diversity Monitoring / Microbial Assay, Vermicompost Properties,

Texts/References:
1. Patrick C. Kangas (2003). Ecological Engineering:Principles and Practice

2. Howard T. Oduma, and B. Odumb (2003) Concepts and methods of ecological engineering,

3. William J. Mitsch (2012). What is ecological engineering?

4. Bruce E. Rittmann and Perry L. McCarty (2001) Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and
Applications

5. K.M.M. Dakshini (1999) Principle and Practices in Plant Ecology, CRC,Boston.

6. M.C.Dash (1994) Fundamentals of Ecology, Tata McGraw Hill. New Delhi.
7. M.C.Mollesh Jr. (1999) Ecology-Concepts and Aplication, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

8. V.Ingegnoli (2002) Landscape Ecology: a widening foundation, Springer, Bonn.

9. E.J. Kormondi (1999) Concept of Ecology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
10. Chapman, J.L. and Reiss M.J. (2005) Ecology Principles And Applications, Cambridge University
Press, London.
11. E.P.Odum and G.W.Barrett (2005) Fundamentals of Ecology, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.
12. S.V.Rana (2005) Essential of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
13. Environment And Ecology-EAS105/EAS 205-R.Radagopalan.

33
 CORE COURSE
Introduction / Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 504 Research Methodology and statistics
Course Objective: On completion of the course, the students will be able to: develop idea about
designing a research, understanding the process of performing the research and writing the research
results and present them effectively.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I Research methodology To understand the basics and types of research and
LO1
ethics in research.
Unit-II Design of experiment The designing of an experiment for research and
LO2
the requirements to perform it.
Unit-III Technical Writing Writing the reports and technical and research
LO3
papers that help them for publication.
Unit-IV Communication Skills Communication forms basis for any interview and
LO4 also to express the research output and views
efficiently.

ESD 504: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STATISTICS

Unit 1 Introduction to Research methodology

Introduction- Concept of research methodology; Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism
and Post positivistic approach to research. Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical,
Qualitative and Quantitative methods. Steps of Research. Application of ICT in research
Unit 2 Design of experiment
Planning and designing of experiments, Basic principles of Design of Experiments, uniformity trials,
completely randomized, Randomized block and Latin square designs. Research ethics: research integrity,
research safety in laboratories, standards and problems in research ethics.
Characteristics of a good design. Basic principles of designs-randomization, replication and local control.
Uniformity trials, size and shape of plots and blocks; Factorial experiments, (symmetrical as well as
asymmetrical); orthogonality and partitioning of degrees of freedom, Confounding in symmetrical factorial
experiments, Factorial experiments with control treatment. Completely randomized design, randomized block
design and Latin square design.
Unit 3 Environmental Statistics
Sampling, Data collection and recording. Measures of Central tendency – concept; arithmetic mean, mode,
median - ungrouped and grouped data. Measures of dispersion-range, standard deviation (grouped and
ungrouped data), Variance, Quartile Deviation, Coefficient of variability. Skewness. Kurtosis. Probability,
Graphical representation of data. Distribution - normal, binomial and poission. Hypothesis testing, Correlation,
Significance of correlation. Linear models and regressions, Multiple Regressions, F-test, t- test and chi square
test, ANOVA. Construction and labeling of graphs, histogram, piecharts, scatter plots, semilogarthimic plots.
Introduction to statistical software.
Unit 4 Technical Writing and Communication Skills
Various forms of scientific writings- theses, technical papers, reviews, manuals, etc; Various parts of thesis
and research communications . Writing of abstracts, summaries, précis, citations etc.; Illustrations,
photographs and drawings with suitable captions; pagination, numbering of tables and illustrations; Writing
of numbers and dates in scientific write-ups; Editing and proofreading;
34
Participation in group discussion: presentation of scientific papers. Communication: Meaning, types and
characteristics of communication. Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group
communications, Classroom communication. Facing an interview.
References
1. Research methodology: methods and techniques by C R Kothari New Delhi New Age International (P)
Limited Publishers 2011Research methodology: vol.I / by Suresh C Sinha and Anil K Dhiman . by
Sinha, Suresh C [Author.]. Ess Ess., 2002 New Delhi:Research methods, design, and analysis / Larry B.
Christensen, R. Burke Johnson, Lisa Turner. by Johnson, Burke Allyn & Bacon, Boston : 2010
2. Science and ethics / Bernard E. Rollin. by Rollin, Bernard E. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge;
New York : 2006
3. Ethics in research by Ian Gregory: London Continuum International Publishing Group 2005

4. Writing and presenting research / Angela Thody. by Thody, Angela. London; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage
Publications, 2006
5. Research methods: the basics / Nicholas Walliman. by Walliman, Nicholas. London; New York:
Routledge, 2011
6. Research methodology: by Saravanavel,P.: New Delhi: Kitab mahal, 2009
7. Methodology of scientific research programmes: Philosophical papers vol.i / by Imre Lakatos .by Lakatos,
Imre [Author.] | Worrall, John [Editor.] | Currie, Gregory [Editor.]. Delhi Cambridge University Press
2001
8. Library link, Central University of Gujarat: http://14.139.122.35/drupal/node/19

35
 OPTIONAL COURSE
Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 521 Environment Management
Course Objective: To develop understanding about various rules and regulations require for environmental
managerial position of public and private organizations.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Understanding of basic concept of environment
Introduction to Environment Management management and its role in organization.
Unit-II LO2 Evolved skill for development of environment
Environment Management Systems and Life management system
Cycle Assessment
Unit-III LO3 Understand component of environmental audit and
Environmental Audit and Environmental economical analysis
Economics
Unit-IV LO4 Understand various environmental laws and its
Environmental laws requirement.

ESD521 - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Credit-4
Unit I: Introduction to Environment Management

Definition, Goals, significance and scope of environmental management, Development and environmental
linkages, Environmental concerns in India, Actions for Environmental Protection: Indian initiatives- National
committee on Environmental Planning and Coordination, Ministry of Environment, Forest and climate change
- Role in Environmental Management, Environmental Management practices.
Environmental Design: Principle, procedure, process, Design consideration, Ecolabelling, Design and
certification.

Unit II: Environment Management Systems and Life Cycle Assessment

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), EMS- ISO 14000 series, ISO 14001 – EMS
Certification, Environmental Policy, Planning, Implementation and Operation, Checking, Management
Review, Benefits of ISO 14001 certification, Origin and development of EIA Environmental Impact
Assessment-Definition, Goal, statement, scope and approrach, Purpose and process. Environmental awareness
& Public envolvement, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Procedure for LCA- Defining goal and scope,
Preparation of life cycle inventory, Applications, LCA in relation to sustainable development.

Unit III: Environmental Audit and Environmental Economics

Environmental audit, Types of environmental audits and their objectives. General audit methodology and audit
process, basic steps for environmental audit. Element of audit process, audit protocols. Waste audits and
pollution prevention assessments, Waste minization audit, Environmental Economics, Valuation of
environment impacts: types of economic values, approach, valuation techniques, valuing environmental
amenities. Environmental Costs and benefits analysis, cost benefit analysis of technology or process for
pollution control.

Unit IV: Environmental laws

36
Provision of Constitution of India Regarding Environment (Article 48A and 58A). The Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986 (Amendment 1991), Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
(Amendement 1988), The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 (Amendement 1987), Hazardous
Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2016, Bio-
Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, Forest Conservation Act 1980, Forest (Conservation) Amendment
Rules, 2004, Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 (Amendment 1983, 1986 and 1981).
Texts/References:
1. Environment Management, N. K. Uberoi, Excel Books, Delhi
2. Environment Management, H.V.Jadhav, Vipul Prakashan,Mumbai
3. Environmental Impact Analysis Handbook: J. G. Rau and D. C. Wooten; McGraw-Hill Book Co.
4. ISO 14001: Environmental management systems: Specification with guidance for use (ISO 14001:
1996b (E)). (International organization for standardization – Switzerland).
5. Mohanty. S. K., 2011, Environment and Pollution Law, Universal Law Publishing Co.Pvt. Ltd.
6. Shastri S C, 2008, Environmental Law, (2nd Edn.), Eastern Book Company, Lucknow
7. Singh Gurdip, 2004, Environmental Law in India, Mcmillan& Co.

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 OPTIONAL COURSE
Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 522 Renewable Energy Resources
Course Objective: To develop understanding of origin, generation process, advantages and limitations of
different types of energy resources : Renewable & Non-Renewable, nuclear energy, bio energy etc.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Helps to understand basics of renewable & non-
Energy: Renewable & Non-Renewable renewable energy resources, their conservation;
Interrelation among socio economic development,
environment and energy resources
Unit-II LO2 This unit disseminate knowledge regarding origin,
Renewable Energy advantage & disadvantage of various renewable energy
resources like Solar, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal, OTEC
etc.
Unit-III LO3 Develop understanding of various biological sources for
Bioenergy energy generation.
Unit-IV LO4 Develop concept on Alternative Energy Resources like
Alternative Energy Resources nuclear energy and advancement in energy sector.

ESD522: Renewable Energy Resources

Credit-4
Unit I: Energy: Renewable & Non Renewable

Energy basics: Conservation of Energy, units, conversion and calorific value; Overview of energy. World
scenario, Indian scenario, Energy sources and types of energy and their generation. Renewable & Non-
renewable energy. Importance of Coal, Petroleum, Oil and Natural Gas and their environmental prospects.
New Energy Resources, Socio-economic development, Energy & Environment, Energy & Development,
Future Energy System, Clean Energy Technology.

Unit II: Renewable Energy

Solar Energy: Solar radiations - characteristics & measurements, Introduction to photovoltaics, Solar energy
conversion techniques: Solar collectors, Solar Pond. Applications of Solar energy. Wind Energy: Origin of
wind energy, quantification of wind energy in India, wind energy conversion systems, Wind mill and wind
electric generators. Current status and future prospects. Hydro-Power: Introduction, hydro-power generation,
hydro-power potential in India, Micro, Mini & Mega-power projects, Advantage & disadvantage. Geothermal
Energy: Introduction and nature of geothermal fields, geothermal energy, Physics of geothermal resources.
Technology for exploiting geothermal resources. Potential and prospects in India. Ocean Energy: Ocean
Energy Resources, Gas Hydrate, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), Tidal Energy: Introduction and
principle of tidal power generation, potential and prospects of tidal energy in India.

Unit III: Bioenergy

Energy: Basics, Bi-hydrogen Production methods, Hydrogen production through genetic Engineering, Storage
and Transportation, Applications. Bio-Energy: Biomass as source, characterization and use as energy sources,
Biomass conversion routes: biochemical, chemical and thermochemical. Biomass potential and production in
India. Biogas: Production, Factors affecting Production, Biogas production techniques: Anaerobic & Aerobic
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 Types of Biogas Plant, Microbial reactions, Transfer of Technology for Rural Development. Waste to Energy:
Energy generation from Solid waste, landfills, Sewage & Agricultural Waste, Conversion process and Energy
Generation.

Unit IV: Alternative Energy Resources

Nuclear Energy: Introduction, Fusion and Fission, chain reactions, a brief account of nuclear reactors. Energy
Plantation: Overview of Energy Plantation, Biodiesel Production and Application. Alcohol fuels – bio-ethanol
production using advance technology. Advances in renewable Energy Generation: Processes, Operation,
Production technology and Economic benefits. Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development. Energy
Management and Auditing. Energy conservation approaches. Economic assessment and sustainable
development.

Texts/References:
1. Renewable Energy: Physics, engineering, environmental impacts, economics & planning /by Sorensen,
Bent . Publisher: Oxford Elsevier 2011Edition: 4th ed. ISBN: 9789380501574.
2. Non -Conventional Energy Resources. G.D. Rai. Publisher: Khanna Publisher.
3. Biomass to Renewable Energy processes-CRC Press. ISBN: 9781420095173.
4. Energy Technology Vol.2 &3 by Sorensen, Bent. Publisher: London Earthscan Publishing.
5. Environmental impacts of Renewable Energy-/by Spellman, Frank R.; CRC
Press; 2015.

OPTIONAL COURSE
Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 523 Occupational Health, Industrial Hygiene and Safety
Course Objective: The paper provides knowledge about the hazards and risks of human in any given working
place. And also, how the processes of industry requires safety in operating condition and surrounding
environment is affected.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Introduce the concept of Industrial hygiene; Various
Industrial Hygiene Concept physical and chemical hazards in workplace.
Unit-II LO2 Helps to understand various monitoring techniques
Occupational and Industrial Work applicable in industrial work place environment and
Environment different notifiable diseases.
Unit-III LO3 The processes in different industries are outlined and
Operational Control Measures the significance at every step of the processing (from
raw materials to products).
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 Unit-IV LO4 Auditing in terms of hazards and risks to workers and
Environmental Safety environment that help to reduce or avoid them.

ESD523: Occupational Health, Industrial Hygiene and Safety

Unit I
Industrial Hygiene - Concept
Introduction: Definition, Scope, Significance and Application of industrial hygiene. Role and function of
industrial hygiene. Occupation and Work Place Environment - Recognition, Evaluation/Monitoring and
Control. Health problem associated with working environment.
Physical Classification of Air borne contaminants, Physiological classification of chemicals, Toxicity of
chemicals, Threshold limit values.
Physical Hazards: Noise, Vibration, Heat and cold stress, Illuminations, ionizing/non-ionizing radiation.
Chemical Hazards: Glass industry, Painting, Metal coating, welding etc.

Unit II

Occupational and Industrial Work Environment

Monitoring of work Environment: Identification and Sources of contaminant. Sampling strategies: Dust,
Fumes, Gases, Vapours, Mist etc. Methods of analysis air borne contaminants. Interpretation with the TLV’s.
Biological Monitoring: Sampling and analysis of blood, Urine and biological specimens.
Notifiable Diseases: Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Asbestosis, Bagassosis, Byssinosis etc.

Unit III

Operational Control Measures

Industrial process/operation, Operation control measure, Plant strategies: siting and layout of chemical plant.
Classification and transportation of hazardous chemicals: Storing and handling of hazardous chemicals,
Pipeline safety, Use of personal protective equipments.
Respiratory protective equipment and Non-respiratory protective equipments.

Unit IV

Environmental Safety

Major Hazards control system. Chemical process safety. Risk assessment. Hazard and operability studies.
Emergency preparation on-site and off-site. Environmental safety audit.

Texts/References:
1) M.H.Fulekar (2006). Industrial Hygiene & Chemical Safety, I.K. International Publishing Houses,
New Delhi,
2) Allan K. Fleeger, Dean Lillquist, (2006) Industrial Hygiene Reference And Study Guide.
3) M.H.Fulekar: Personal Protective Equipment –Guide to Ports/Dock Workers, Government of India’s
Publication.
4) Barbara A. Plog, Patricia J. Quinlan, (2002) Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene, National Safety.
Council Press.

40
5) Willie Hammer, Dennis Price, (2001). Occupational Safety management and engineering, Prentice
Hall.
6) C. Ray Asfahl, David W. Rieske (2009) Industrial Safety and Health Management, Prentice Hall,
7) Mark A. Friend, James P. Kohn. (2010) Fundamental of Occupational Safety and Health, Government
Institute.
8) Micheal S. Bisesi, (2003). Industrial Hygiene Evalution Methods, CRC Press.

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 OPTIONAL COURSE
Introduction / Pre-requisites for the Course: M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
ESD 541 Practical Semester III
Course Objective:
Understand Biological, Nano and Ecological tool based technology in the remediation of various degraded
system.
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Unit-I LO1 Screen the microorganisms and plants tolerant to
Major Practical based on ESD501 particular contaminant and determine the
concentration of proline and activity of peroxidase in
plants
Unit-II LO2 Students will learn the process/ methods (physical,
Minor Practical based on ESD502 Chemical, and Biological: (microbial and plant-based)
of nano materials Synthesis and characterization of
synthesized nanomaterials by advance instruments.
Students also learn the Application of nano materials
for water purification and nano remediation by
different experimental setup
Unit-III LO3 Understand the processes in the recovery of energy
Minor Practical based on, ESD503 from the waste materials

ESD551: Practical Semester –III

Practical 501: Environmental Biotechnology
1. Screening of microorganisms from contaminated site.
2. Screening of plant species growing at contaminated areas.
3. Estimation of proline and assay of peroxidase activity in plants growing in polluted sites.
Practical 502: Environmental Nanotechnology
1. Synthesis of plant based nano-material and Characterization.
2. Microbial synthesis of nano-material and Characterization.
3. Sol gel method of synthesis of nano-material and Characterization.

Practical 503: Renewable Energy

1. Lipids content analysis from different algae
2. Solid waste - Composting
3. Energy generation from waste

Introduction/Pre-requisites for the Course:

This course is design based on cutting-edge skill acquired in the during the three semester to solve the
environmental issue. The students must take the industrial/societal problem and work intensively for a
semester. At the end of this major project, the student make the presentation in front of the evaluation
committee and have to submit a dissertation after including the suggestions.
Course Objective:
To understand the Ecosystem based treatment technology to cleanup the contaminated sites.
42
 To understand the ecotechnology based cleaner production process and management of the waste for
energy recovery using biomass conversion processes
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Developing skills and capabilities to undertake assigned research project to provide
Project LO a sustainable solution of critical issues of environmental pollution.
During the project work the students are trained to expand the scope of work.
Note: LO- Learning Outcome

Syllabus for Semester IV

OPTIONAL COURSE
ESD591: Project

ESD592: Term Paper

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