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The wave equation

The document discusses the wave equation and its solutions, particularly focusing on D'Alembert's formula for the infinite string problem. It explores the characteristics of wave propagation and the initial conditions affecting the solutions. Additionally, it addresses the Cauchy problem and the application of Green's theorem in relation to the wave equation.

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world.famous.lover.07.10
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16 views10 pages

The wave equation

The document discusses the wave equation and its solutions, particularly focusing on D'Alembert's formula for the infinite string problem. It explores the characteristics of wave propagation and the initial conditions affecting the solutions. Additionally, it addresses the Cauchy problem and the application of Green's theorem in relation to the wave equation.

Uploaded by

world.famous.lover.07.10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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EE IISS'S S'S RR — The _wave_equakon @ Thee infin The infiuile String Praflem + for ther nolubion & Tha wave 04 a alrall derive pf alembert forme!® with te Ul ft) amd Moe infinite abring CA0e? Camider the following, LvP: , Poe, 2° s Bee Be, mca ce, be oO pes lao) = fia) (inthal dinplacement) ot Uplaye) = 4) Cinikiol oeloity) jw ee Comparing (1) wi 7 ie raping cake ent we Fo Az), Gneow Reo Care ° y , pt Une F her O° C1 in of Mppompe lngper belie type POE. the elecwractoress htm ou" to, yorts of He opm Pdva Bate * Oo tm, gre ree te fe te: He choractorisbe es are a we Fe scleiny, Oe qh oak es gud abe oa Lak un choose, q ynak, We ak ue Uy ee Mata En Une (us Un) (45000) GE» By (Men) ae 2 “ uw a Og 2G TM Sinitorty Uy # a (Ugg ~ E4Gy +Uan ) 2. 74 Duloak tubing Here enbramiens in (1) , we ¥ Us, =? ed ae Gs % , OM ustiich ta lenown on conenien! fu sty ant ee joling (B) wre GO ae i : 2 $e) whore PQ) i om orbitvar Oa ) , funekion HM twdefendet 5 ink rating, werd Y we at u(gn) fewer + ¥($) ufere (4) fom F § 2 ¥ 4 OT 2. Ulae) = y (atek) ag(a-t) 2 - (4) Now, qe Ula) = Fa) gee. we) + eo) = Fa) _. - -—-—) wend Up nse) |e) WEP uve) PO) TI (®) z © we cbfain B Inteqrotin (6) From ro & m v t ewe) 2 fort mo (3) ~ Di filemboert polulion be the nve (1-02: hain formule io CF great interest in itowlf, amd it ouside the- preblem s eam vergence f infinite purity tm |Be Fouviur herr obpreoch- I EEIET'ES!C”CS”CSC~CS 9 ; Re D’Alembert’s relution ho» an inferesting. ink b ng. inferpretobien = tere given im Figs canider the at- Fl . ak - plone and a poist Pe? Pie te) > Draw bere chavackeris bes Hrough P beckwards, until Th welt (Pe initial Une , we Re aeania of A ond B- ‘ Pe quia of Mee Gwe chareekrs ~ hes are aaot = ach: Equ (3) yaveals at the polubon ula8) at Pp (tete) s*” be sbloined by averaging He value & f of A ond B and wmlegretiy 4 obry Re wow leuk jwitel valu® the Aun ia depew on the jet lhe too. Hever Re seqme’ am usta te value Sf unt) domain f defendence GP p 4 eudas 34 PAS eolted the characterfsie in of, deferminemes, Al facet) Fags chaxeclerishe trang Ria aolutin be phow Rat the preblem ia well pored« are pel Sf He #98: gu po SH _ wen cm, EXO at~ aay 7 with = eF 3 uta) 2 FO), Fen te austin) 2 J) tye Te ot gute Bok Agefal ce oot Wr Tel Ce From @) years (fir) - fo] otf fort) -f.0-4)] +e [tae 460] de ak anh 7 ~ sy Vs & = ‘ Le tse e ee) ~ Shue fer ony finite Hme juferval He amell change in Leaders ® es initial condition onl produce preber Benalla, pmall chan ain Whe ool” obows fat He problem io wellbened: t Special care 9’ Alembert's formula ® caseE: (initial velocity 270) ° Supper’ ulas) > §) uel) 2 O° Khe ateing ler Ie SBe 9! Alembert oetetten in ulate) = a+ Leo) 3 fardt)] Corer? (Initial dinglacraente 207°) \ Supper the otring les Ber fellewsing Let ulae) 2? Uy Ws) qo). Tm his core, The pelution ir, : ard sf awdt. ult) = Ze ae ee. Problem & yeonte the Linglacemet of He phring and He ends J eo mekon ofthe atring in dercribed of ut) te : i the Kee te onlay yalue problem (reve): - ** pet ahs - = 4, 2haths eckeo -&) ee: es 20; UCL) = 0, OCECE ee ype: alae) = fa, Ue) = 4%, oeaeh --() the wend f condition mG) reflec’ he foct the obring fo held fined ot fre be end pointe are and mele Wwe phell ery fhe methed t arbaration ef variables te pave Vile [prefalew- okt? Ler uat)= XOTID = - - @ wate © oe Oe get Z Subobluting (y) xt i(e) =e” XO) v(t) m; ar" le) x" (2) : ert) Xe) ok i usBure Kiso eanaten= Wato que, pile) = MR TIE)A Oo - sy) xia) - Wx) =? -- -@ Uhree froasible cape Gccur , coneh? Lek ko: Setting k= AM. $Re aoluliom ore " bq. jet - det Th) = AC + BSE An -4 XM) sce + Be * = joer Now, Be let) = ° ent uwe)=e g” aL -AL aap eo ome Se ape 72 Tromerjeneou dD. Site fe oo oyptem fa Linen asus in coe Were, He coeffierent determinant = | to \ ae a , é 2 ohh ae. re a unique polnvien fur e wd D, ourhrek ia Pen one eck » ylat) 2°, which i « briviel ost cont, Uk kee “them astuing, (5) and (6), we hava Tis AETB, ¥Oe ea td. ( Ak) = A Applying wear -U(@,e) = ° cand Up Cha) © 0 You ' ua,t) 2, iPieh ix @ tewal all. ee Lek Keo. st yeah for come jem and Ate. She aolubow Of T(E) eeu Te)= 2 ie rey 2 A DINCAHD * % eon (EAE) , he nolubiorw Sf x") a Ara) eo ia, Ka) = ¢ pin (Ar) +p co Ya) ushere A,B, ¢, 0 ore, , covttonk stem, last) = XO) TH ~ Crain (eat) gem (0)] [eninGr)+ Dem Qa] = — © doen vai = 4 ‘he courhy prcblom, Let A Uagt Belay + CU yy + F (2,4,4,42,%4) 20 ~ ushers Al), BA) and <(x,f) ore uma F a omd d and fF be o eurve in the au4- plone « Be preblem Es finding. He polation utay) of Re PPE () tn the nbd ger paliaf ying the fallowing. condi kions ue fe) a gee 2! Boe GP) = @) on Tw eollel a Cauchy problem She condi bows (2) ond a) are called fRe Couches pene Paes Riemann’r Methed: Consider Ly) = Vay cmc be and F axe combi nuourlg differentioble et ke KH aomdy4-. Shin toa Unear, and tien udueh to in the canonical farm. nt buy eeu > flay) -- - ume o, for oth Yop’ ex ly perbolle eque Whe charockerishes are AL = content and 4 = constant tek vii) be o function having. ceninuows and order ord partial derivative. Shen a9 ony ~U Vay = (vung = (avy) avin = (avu)y - 4 vr) lov ty = Covt)y — ub»), rgL{u) 2 VYxp roVUa Thvuy 4 cud = Way + Woody (ery 2 ou), ular )n ste Fa, * (oeey) - u (oy) 4 coe (omy - ad ely ree] + Gee seeile un hela a Le) = ull Cv) + Ma tNy nctext LEW) = Vay — (a), 7 (UY) pa cv ‘4 eo M = avn Uy and No = VUx thou vel) - ole (v) = MytNy = = = (2) Re cherater Bb) Lig called He adjeinr eferaler LU: Q) ie called elon lin identty. oF L= LC, Ren the cherator L ia nord to be pag offen: T Green's Meorem: &F imbegrabion D ond U ond V be differen - Re region - Goble tore wD and conlinucws on. hen Green's eorem pteter Yat i (a7 Vy) 4894 $ (ay-vex) - - D> We phall now discuss Me Souchy. brablem for hy perbolre Lek € be ow cloned curve beundin eq LAW) © Ways ata a aug eA =Fay) --o Lek FP be a pmect® mitial eurve - We opsume WRat Re Jengent be Tin nowfere porallel bo He a ex or yn, (or ae cave, 4 ceonstant are characteris he of) We pubbere Rak aw amd Uy (er Uy) are prereribed oleng Ts Let P,0) be o pein of wich ue peek f the couchy problem. Let fhe characherishes Broagh ee) intersect the inibial curve P ob ond Rr Let D be Re region Jpeanded by We Pu, ho cloned contour PARP (94,2) Fi We pholl now apply Green! & kReerem im Hin region. ce polulion Re ently ©), we sblain Qu aoing | u) - — ut?) dad 4 ne ij (Gam ‘4 M May - Nan) + fiasy Jen on RPG nat 4 dune re Deis e- ee] fv o- Now, { Naan = { (Vy t bou)da p e w =f bvada aval - \e0 Javad e o : tle *{ (oo = vada . Wf (ee - ov (oT) dua = [ Smayente) * J. mag dD - cork + “Cos, +fa(oe- cva)da e (l= {J [rue oir OF} andy - f * andy -ne) D P a — Pmdy + Corde. + Puloo- vada R p Lekw, it penible, choose Re function (A440) & loa te polution af Re adjoint aque LF (v) 29, pabralyny Ro andibions : ze bv 4 = e ay 2 avon A=% ok xeaord yee. Lik entato, ~v 2h Such O funckion 3 OS ae) , co Riernonn Fonction J Reimann Green'n fan « (adadat © ase) ia called TW, - [wre > s ay (ody baa) i eg Sofon ey ---@) Eau? (2) give 4 of e ufen gy Bd Un ore lprencribed oleng Re curve [- Pe if However, if wand “4 are freroribed | the Honk. / Tard, - Cul, = ik COW), da + (av) i) qe, Fo Ge}, fee coy) = Nonna +f F opt andy. ~~) Further on adding, (yond (u), ee ge C= [eosdes con - [ovted be) -+ FPa(onts -ryh) 2% mania) 4+ [j ofoneety He pelulien at He point (6A) debends only on He Couch doke along Yee ave OR anf. oR ee +G8 ma ex Frese Rat fer We eau LW= Uns * ? Re Riemer four in V4 6) » J. ( (A), seu J, de a unl Bf bof oreo. Be! \pvity thal He Green'a be ee a =o a ay eas ay) pobjat be wae, Bios aah om yore fiver 4 wus Sn) = GSN ton) eo) ee tn (ter)? Uniquen or aolubion : Cheever) we BR polution Ff fe [ellewing- frstlem, if if tkeniote, tn unique. de - = Van = EE) | © ench | Ere alas) = FM > cansh poss) = YO > oaneh ule, &) = UCbe) =o bro D> Let Rere be cu rolvbens vy avd UL F ae above proflem: Ren y= UUs will be @ al” F He flowing pretlem : Comp i der yer Vanes eneh, be 0 (n°) =°, oeneh Pelee) oo oemet eee) SP Ohk) 72, bye d ei eS (ove aed 4 @inerve Rat Ele) in o di fferentiolle Ga EE ata (ae) 3a feirce Aifferertiole: sel). S (& wanda Verte) a® ab L 2 S Vere a [em wifi f < “gan lek) 8 2 VMeGED AD VEE waht) 20° a Usk) #2 , WEY ak as ee won Whar ole) =o Hence 0, 20, PERE Yyoin in pemible onl if Sines v0) ve (Me ” oan) dn =0- eu) = combovk. A nimer Vie) eo Taplr Aa aye) 2 o> Ewer EWs oe te) ou Gt) 2b -

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