DESIGN OF CLASS A SINGLE LANE ROAD BRIDGE AT 11.

675 KM of WAB CANAL

DESIGN OF SUPERSTRUCTURE
Canal Details at Structure Chainage: 11.675 Km
Variable Unit Value
Discharge cumec 66.681
Velocity m/s 0.901
FSL m 143.519
BL m 141.146
BW m 30.000
FSD m 2.373
FB upto FSL m 0.750
FB above FSL m 0.150
SS upto FSL - 1 in 1
SS bank - 1.5 in 1
Width of Water m 34.746
Surface at FSL
Width of Pier m 1.22
No. of Piers 2
No. of Vents 3
Intermediate
Dist.between Piers m 10.769

FB below bottom m 0.900

of Long. Girder
Necessary Informations of Bridge
Thickness of Pier
[As per Cl. 710.8.5, IRC:78-2014] = 1.220 m
Thickness of Abutment Thickness of Return [As per Cl. 710.8.5, IRC:78-2014] = 1.220 m
Wall = 0.300 m
Expansion Gap = 0.020 m
Clear Span(Intermidiate Vent) = 10.769 m
Clear Span(End Vent) = 10.769 m
Considered Bearing Plate
Bearign Plate dimension Across T-Girder = 0.450 m
Bearign Plate dimension Along T-Girder = 0.400 m
Overhang of Girder beyond Bearing Plate = 0.100 m
C/C Dist between Of Bearings along T-Girder(End Vent) = 11.669 m
C/C dist bet. Of Bearings along T-Girder(Intermidiate vent), = 11.369 m
C/C dist bet. Of Bearings across T-Girder = 3.100 m
Width of Long Girder = 0.450 m
Clear distance between Girder = 2.650 m
Outer/Outer Distance of Cross Section = 5.100 m
Scour Depth Calculation for determining the depth of foundation from Canal Bed Level [As per Cl. 110.1.3, IRC:5-1998] Discharge
Q = 2353 cusecs
Overall Waterway W = 34.746 m
Number of Pier n = 2
Thickness of pier t = 1.220 m [As per Cl. 710.8.5, IRC:78-2014] Clear Waterway
w=W-(n*t) = 32.306 m
Discharge per unit width q=Q/w = 2.064 cumec/m
Silt factor (for Medium Silt Soil) f = 0.85 [As per Cl. 110.1.3, IRC:5-1998] Normal Scour Depth from water level
D
m =
2.293 m [As per Cl. 110.1.3, IRC:5-1998] Full Supply Depth FSD = 2.373 m
Scour Depth from Bed Level = -0.080 m

Foundation Level (Top of Pile Cap ) = 140.696 m

Fixation of T-Girder level

Overall Depth of the T-Girder = 1.100 m

Clear cover to the reinforcement of T-Girder = 0.040 m
Diameter of the main reinforcement of T-Girder = 0.028 m
Thickness of the cement concrete wearing coat = 0.075 m [As per MORTH Standard]
Minimum Vertical Clearance btn FSL and T-Girder bottom = 0.900 m [As per Table 12.1 of IRC-SP 13-2004]
Assume that the Existing Road level = RL at top of the bank.
RL at top of the bank = FSL+FB1+FB2 = = 144.419 m
RL of Bottom of the T Girder = 144.419 m
RL at the Top of T-Girder = = 145.519 m

DESIGN FOR DECK SLAB

LOAD CALCULATION
1. Considered Overall Depth of Deck Slab = 225 mm
2. Cantilever Slab at Support = 425 mm
2.Self Weight of Wearing Coat
Weight of Deck Slab = 0.563 t/sqm
Thickness of Wearing coat = 75 mm
Load Intensity = 0.165 t/sqm
Dead Load /M = 0.728 t/sqm
Live Load analysis

1.8m
5.7 5.7
3.1 m
1.8m

As per Cl. 22.2 (b) (1) of IS 456 : 2000 the efeective Span of the Slab = Clear Span
Clear span = 2.650 m
Dispersion along span
x= 0.650 m
L'/L = 3.667 Hence K = 2.6
 BRIDGE AT 11.675 KM of WAB CANAL

5.100
220 m
4.25
220 m
300 m

1 3.100 1

[As per Cl. 110.1.3, IRC:5-1998] Discharge

[As per Cl. 710.8.5, IRC:78-2014] Clear Waterway

m
[As per Cl. 110.1.3, IRC:5-1998] Normal Scour Depth from water level
l Supply Depth FSD = 2.373 m

The Top of Pile Cap or the Bottom of Pier Kept 0.45 M below Bed

00 m
40 m
28 m
75 m [As per MORTH Standard]
00 m [As per Table 12.1 of IRC-SP 13-2004]

19 m
19 m
19 m

5 mm
5 mm

0.563 t/sqm
5 mm
0.165 t/sqm
0.728 t/sqm
2.650 m
Dispersion of the Load across the span = 1.68 m
Dispersion of the Load along the span = 1.1 m < 1.8 m m hence no overlap.
Actual width of dispersion along span 0.975 m
1.80
3.
4
0.975 m 8
9 0.20
2.65 m
T
Impact Factor 4.5/(6+L) = 0.259 b
= w
DLBM = = 0.639 t-m/m s s Fixed End Moments WS/12L*(3L^2-3(b+S)^2 - S^2)
L
0.225
L = 2.65
S = 0.975
b = 0.7
W = 3.402
FEM = 1.220
LLBM 500= kg/sqm 0.438 Tm/m
DLBM = = 0.511 Tm/m 80% considering fixity
LLBM including Impact 0.175
= 0.175
0.552 tm/m
LL @ 500 Kg /sqm in rest part of deck beyond 2.3 m as per 204.3 of IRC 6 : 2014
2.3
( But in above Condition it is not coming into the picture )
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB-at Central Span
Moment along Shorter Direction due to Dead Load = 0.511 T-m
Moment along Shorter Direction due to Live Load = 0.438 T-m
Impact Factor = 0.259
Moment along Shorter Direction,M = 1.062 T-m
Grade of Concrete = M35
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe-500
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Diameter of Reinforcement = 16 mm
s
cbc = 11.670 N/mm2
s
st = 240 N/mm2
Modulur ratio,m=280/3scbc = 8.00
K = scbc/(scbc+sst/m) = 0.280
J,lever arm factor = 0.907
R,resisting Moment Factor = 1.481 N/mm2
Effective Depth required = 84.691 mm
Over all Depth required = 132.691 mm
Effective Depth calculated = 177 mm
Calculation of Reinforcement(Primary Bar)
Area of Steel Required,M/(j x d x sst) = mm2
275.860

Spacing Required of 16 Tor Dia = 728.854 mm C/C

16mm Tor Spacing Provided = 200 mm C/C
Steel Provided = 1004.800 sqmm
Percentage of steel provided = 0.568
Calculation of Reinforcement(Secondary bar)
Diameter of Reinforcement(Secondary) = 12 mm
Moment along Longer Direction according to clause 305.19-IRC-21 = 0.234 T-m
Area of Steel Required,M/(j x d x sst) = 60.653 mm2
Spacing Required of 12 Tor Dia = 1865 mm C/C
12mm Tor Spacing Provided = 250 mm C/C
Design of Deck Slab at Cantilever Portion
= 0.2m
Weight of Railing and Kerb per Meter = 0.739 t/m 1m
Weight of Deck Slab
a) Triangular Part = 0.194 t/m
b) Rect. Part = 0.436 t/m
Wearing course = 0.053 t/m
DL Moment due to Rail and Kerb = 0.425 0.225
DL SF from Parapet and railing = 0.7
Dead LoadShear Force = 1.4
DLBM = 0.653 tm
X = 0.325
0.2

width of dispersion 1.2X +W 0.64m across span =

Along span = 1.1m
Distributed load = 8 t/sqm
Live load acting at cantilever Support = 4.656t/m
LL with 500 kg.sqm LL = 288 kg
Hence vehicular Load is predominant
LL BM 1.338tm/m
LLBM with Impact = 1.685tm/m 1m

5.7t
1m
0.075 m W.C.

0.225
0.225 0. 425 0.225

0.50m

0.775m

Total Moment = 2.338tm/m

0.45
Moment along Shorter Direction both DL and LL = 2.338 T-m/m
Overall Depth provided = 425 mm
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Diameter of Reinforcement = 16 mm
Effective Depth = 377 mm
Grade of Concrete = M35
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe-500
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Diameter of Reinforcement = 16 mm

0.225

0.775
1m
m hence no overlap.

WS/12L*(3L^2-3(b+S)^2 - S^2)

0.225

0.075m
m W.C.

= 0.739
= 1.421
= 0.653 tm/m
= 0.325 m
0.2 m
 0.225m
0.425

0.775
1m

0.45
s
cbc sst =
Modulur ratio,m=280/3scbc =
=
K = scbc/(scbc+sst/m) =
J,lever arm factor R,resisting Moment Factor Effective depth required effective depth =
provided =
Reinforcement requrid = =
16 mm Rod =
12 mm Rod Steel Provided = =
Percentage of steel = =
Check For Shear =
Shear Force due to Dead Load Shear Force due to Live Load Total Shear = =
Shear Stress = permissible shear stress ( Table 23 of IS 456 ) =
=
=
=
=
=

DESIGN OF GIRDER
Over all Depth of Girder provided =

Clear Cover =
Centroid Dist. of Reinforcement Layer from Bottom of Web ( considering 25 mm rod =
and spacer =
Effective Depth of the T-girder

225 mm

1.10 m

Fe-500
hence O.K.
(1.1-0.1145)
Effective span of the Girder will be least of the following:
(0.9855) = 11.754 m Reference Clause 305.4.2-IRC:21
Clear span + Effective Depth of girder
Bearing to Bearing Distance along Girder = 11.669 m
Hence the Effective Length of the Girder, Le = 11.669 m
Calculation For Dead Load Bending Moment and S.F. = 0.2 sqm
Sectional area of the Deck and Girder . Railing

Kerb = 0.045
Cantilever Slab = 0.252
Slab = 0.298
Haunch = 0.000
Girder = 0.495
Total Weight = 1.290
Weight from W.C. = 3.225 t/m
Dead Load Carried by the Girder per M = 0.367 t/m
DL BM DLSF = 3.592 t.m
LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS = 61.132 t-m
Class A Single Lane Train of Vehicles that can be accomodated = 20.956 t

11.40t
2.70 2.70 t 11.40t 6.80 t 6.80 t 6.80 t 6.8 t
1.1m 3.20 m 1.20m 4.30 m 3.0m 3.0 m 3.0 m
11.669 m
Since the span is 11.669 m effective and since the absolutely maximum BM occurs near the center of the Girder we find that the loads 2.7t,2.7t, 11.4t, 11.4t and 6.8 t alone will be on the
Reaction Factor
W = half of axle load 1.80 m
W W
Ra = W+W*1.3/1.8
3.1/1.8 W 1.722W
Rb = 0.278W
A B
3.10m
Hence actual loads on Girder A = 2.3247 t from 2.7 t 9.8154 t from 11.4 t
5.8548 t from 6.8 t
CG of the actual load system and RHS heavier Load are arranged equidistant to causes maximum moment in the Girder below the maximum load on the right. - one consideration
To find the CG of the above five loads x from 5.855 t load
2.325 t 2.325 9.816 9.816 5.855

1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 m

X= 4.619 m from 5.855 t load.
The Center of the girder is equisdistant from the RHS heavier load and the CG of the load system.

Distance between the heavier load on RHS from CG = 0.319 m

The Heavier load 9,816T on RHS shall be away from center of girder on RHS = 0.160 m
450 mm

2.325 2.325 0.16 m

 11.670 N/mm2
240 N/mm2
8
0.280
0.907
1.481 N/mm2
125.642 mm
377 hence O.K.
285.045 sqmm/m
200 mm C/C
200 mmc/c
1570 sqmm/m
0.416
1.421
4.656 t/m
6.077 t/m
0.161 N/sqmm
0.294 N/sqmm

1.100 m

0.040 m
0.115 m
0.986 m

Fe-500
hence O.K.
(1.1-0.1145)
11.754 m Reference Clause 305.4.2-IRC:21

11.669 m
11.669 m
0.2 sqm

0.045
0.252
0.298
0.000
0.495
1.290
3.225 t/m
0.367 t/m
3.592 t.m
61.132 t-m
20.956 t

6.80 t 6.80 t 6.8 t

3.0 m 3.0 m

irder we find that the loads 2.7t,2.7t, 11.4t, 11.4t and 6.8 t alone will be on the

11.4 t

ment in the Girder below the maximum load on the right. - one consideration

4.3 m

0.319 m
0.160 m
 A 9.816 t 9.816 t 5.855 t
Rb = 14.659 t
Ra 1.10 m 3.20 m 4.30 m = 15.478 t
LLBM center of girder = 57.943 tm
0.49 m 1.2 m 1.37
B CASE -1
11.669 m CASE - II
Placing the center of Two Heavier Loads equidistant from center of Girder.
2.33 t 9.816 t 9.816 t 5.855 t
0.934
0.934 m
B
A
Rb = 15.794 t
Moment at point below the heaviest load on RHS = = 57.493 t-m
Hence Case -I Prevails.
Impact Factor = = 0.255

Hence LLBM = = 72.700 tm

Live Load Shear Force

9.816 t 9.816 t 5.855 t 5.855 t 5.855 t

1.2 m 4.3m 3.0m 3. m
0.169m
Ra =
23.392 t
Considering I.F. theALL SF 11.669
=
29.350 t
Total Bending Moment = 133.832 T-m
Total Shear Force = 50.306 T
Design of L-Beam Basic Input
Grade of Concrete =
M35
Grade of Reinforcement =
Fe500
Clear cover =
40 mm Ref Cl 304.3.1-IRC-21:2000
Design parameter
s
cbc =
11.670 N/mm2 Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 9
s
st =
240 N/mm2 Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 10
Modulur ratio,m=280/3scbc =
8
K,scbc/(scbc+sst/m) = 0.280
Balanced Depth =
0.276 m
SECTION PROPERTIES
Over All Depth of Girder,D =
1.100 m
Length of Girder,Leff = 11.669 m
Thickness of Deck Slab,Df = 0.225 m
Width of Web,bw = 0.450 m
Depth of Web,Dw = 0.875 m
Width of Flange;Leff/10+bw = 1.617 m
C/C distance of Girder =
3.100 m
beff = 1.617 m
Effective Depth,deff = 986 mm
Reinforcent Provided in Web(Tension layer)
Reinforcent in 1st layer,tgr1 5 nos 25 mm Dia Tor =
2454 mm2
Reinforcent in 2nd layer,tgr2 5 nos 25 mm Dia Tor =
2454 mm2
Reinforcent in 3rd layer,tgr3 5 nos 25 mm Dia Tor =
2454 mm2
Total area of reinforcement =
7363 mm2
Reinforcent Provided in Flange(Compression layer)
Reinforcement in Top layer,tgr4 5 nos 20 mm Dia Tor =
1571 mm2 Distance from Top compression Flange to Neutral Axis assumed "n"
Case-1: Neutral Axis is assumed within Flange

ds
n

Taking Moments of the areas about the Neutral Axis NA below flange
beff .n2/2 +(1.5m-1)Asc.(n-40) = mAst.(d-n)
b
eff = 1617 mm
m = 8
A
sc = 1571
mm2
A
st = 7363
mm2
deff =d = 986 mm
ds = 225 mm
bw = 450 mm
say n = 226.450 mm
LHS = 44676761
RHS = 44698965
Equating we get the value of Neutral axis,n = 226.500 mm > 225 mm
2.325 3.2 m 1.2 m 4.3 m

center of Girder
11.669 m
 5.855 t
14.659 t
15.478 t
57.943 tm
1.37

5.855 t

B
A

57.493 t-m

0.255

72.700 tm

5.855 t
3. m
0.169m
23.392 t
29.350 t B
133.832 T-m
50.306 T

M35
Fe500
40 mm Ref Cl 304.3.1-IRC-21:2000

11.670 N/mm2 Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 9

240 N/mm2 Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 10
8
0.280
0.276 m

1.100 m
11.669 m
0.225 m
0.450 m
0.875 m
1.617 m
3.100 m
1.617 m
986 mm

2454 mm2
7363 mm2

1571 mm2 Distance from Top compression Flange to Neutral Axis assumed "n"

beff

NA below flange

1617 mm
8
1571
mm2 bw
7363
mm2
986 mm
225 mm
450 mm
226.450 mm
44676761
44698965
226.500 mm > 225 mm
4.3 m
Trial For Case-II,Wherein Neutral axis below Flange
beff .ds.(n-ds/2)+bw.(n-ds)^2/2+(1.5m-1)Asc.(n-40) = m . Ast . (d-n)
n = 226.500
Equating we get the value of Neutral axis,n = 226.500 < than
Calculated NA is less than Critical NA hence the Section is Under Reinforced.
Calculated NA is less than Critical NA hence the Section is Under Reinforced.
Hence,
Tensile Stress at Steel (t) = 240.00
N/mm2
Comp. stress at top fiber of Concrete
c = 8.955 N/mm2
c' = c 6.405 N/mm2
scbc
c" = 64.5 mm c' 0.059 N/mm2
226.5 mm 22 5mm
985.5 mm c"
Average stress acting on the Concrete in Deck Slab = (c+c')/2 =
4.507 N/mm
759.0 mm
2

CG of the Trapezoidal Section x =

ds/2 - ds2/6(2n - ds)
Here, Line of CG
n = 226.5 mm n
sst/m
ds = 225 mm NA
Hence CG lies at X from the Top line = 75.493 mm Moment of Resistance of the Balanced Section of T- Beam in Flange Part =
149.214 t-m Moment of Resistance of the L Beam in Web part = 0.000 Negligible
Moment vof Resistance Imparts by the Compression Steel = (m-1).Ac. Lever Arm
Ac =
1571 mm2
Lever Arm = 921 mm
Moment of Resistance Imparts by the Compression Steel M2 = 6.484 tm
Hence Total Moment of Resistance = = 155.698 tm > > 133.832 tm, hence O.K. Tensile Steel
Ast 1 =
6309 mm2
Ast 2 =
293 mm2
Ast =
6602 mm2
Area Provided =
7363 mm2 O.K.
CHECK for SHEAR FORCE
SF = 50.306 t
Shear Stress =
1.134 N/mm2
Percentage of Tensile Steel = 1.660 %
Permissible stress =
0.510 N/mm2
Additional Shear Reinforcement shall be necessary. Shear reinforcement shall carry a shear equal to Vs
Vs -= SF - permissible shear stress * bd = 27.689 t Providing 12 mm dia 4 legged Vertical Stirrups,
Vs = Sst *Asv*d / Sv Asv = Total Cross sectional area in vertcal stirrups Sv = Spacing of the Stirrups
Sst = Permissible tensile stress in steel

X
ds

Sv = = 386.237 mm
Spacing Provided 200 C/C 1.80
Hence 4 legged 12 mm dia rod 200 C/C to 300 C/C
CROSS GIRDER
Assumed A 3.10 B
D = 400 mm
B = 300 mm
Clear cover = 40 mm
Dia of Main rod = 16 mm
Stirrups = 8 mm
effective Depth = 344 mm
Scbc =
11.670 N/mm2
Sst =
240 N/mm2
m = 8
k = 0.280 mm
kd = 96.320 mm
j = 0.907 mm
R =
1.481 N/mm2
Dead Load = 0.3 t/m
DLBM = 0.360 t-m
DLSF = 0.465 t
Live Load Analysis
Wheels of the heaviest loads 11.4 /2 t are kept on it.
Ra = 5.7 t
LL Mumax = 3.705 tm
LLmax including Impact = 4.665 t-m
LL SF including impact = 7.177 t
Total Moment = 5.025 t -m
Total SF = 7.642 t
Though it will behave as an L beam and more strength than a Rectangular Beam but we check its efficiency as a Rectangular Beam.
Required effective depth = 336.277
Overall Depth required = 392.277 < than 400 mm , O.K.
Effective depth provided = 344 mm > than 336.277 mm , O.K.
Requirement of Steel for Tension =
671.342 mm 2

Provide 4 nos 16 mmØ T rod both Top and Bottom.

 275.940

mm the critical NA

Line of CG
n
NA
ment of Resistance of the Balanced Section of T- Beam in Flange Part =
0.000 Negligible
Lever Arm

133.832 tm, hence O.K. Tensile Steel

O.K.

ng 12 mm dia 4 legged Vertical Stirrups,

Asv = Total Cross sectional area in vertcal stirrups Sv = Spacing of the Stirrups
am.

an 400 mm , O.K.
than 336.277 mm , O.K.
Steel provided = 803.840 mm2 > than
% of Steel Provided = 0.779
Shear Stress developed = 0.740 N/mm2
Permissible Shear stress = 0.370 N/mm2
( IRC 21 : 2000 Table 12B ) =
Residual Shear Force Vs = 3.823 t
Shear Reinforcement to provide Aw
Aw Vs*s/(Sst*d) = 92.621 mm2
Providing 2 legged 8 mm dia rod at 200 C/C Area of steel = 100.480 < than 92.62
Suggested 8 mm dia rod at 150 to 200 C/C
 671.342 O.K.

O.K.
 DESIGN OF PIER for Bridge at 11.675 Km of WAB I
DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE
Canal Bed Level = 141.146 m
FSL = 143.519 m
Bearing Thickness = 0.024 m
Bearign Plate dimension Along T-Girder = 400 mm
Bearign Plate dimension Across T-Girder = 450 mm
Free Board = 0.900 m
Level of Top of Pier = 144.395 m
Depth of Pile Cap Top of Pier from Canal Bed = 450 mm
RL of Top of Pile Cap = 140.696 m
Height of Pier = 3699 mm
Thickness of Pier = 1220 mm
Width of Pier beneath Super Structure = = 3550 mm
Extension of Pier straight,
450 beyond Super Structure = 300 mm
Extension of Pier SemiCirculur beyond Super Structure = 610 mm
Width of Pier extended beyond Super Structure = 910 mm
Total Length of Pier T-Girder = 5370 mm
20
100
400
300
T-Girder T-Girder

Plate Bearing

300
Pier
450
Load Analysis
DEAD LOAD
DLSF of Girder =
83.824 t
2.7t 2.7t 20 mm
11.4 1.1m t 11.4t 6.8t 6.8t

2.7t 2.7t 20mm 11.4t 6.8t 6.8t

11.4t 0.58m
3.2m 1.2 m 4.3 m 3m 3m
2.58m 2.869m
1.1m 3.2m 1.2m 4.3 3m 3m
11.369m 11.369m

2.58 0.58
CASE -1
11.369m
CASE -2
Detail of Pier with Support Details in ELEVATION

Case -2
Load on Pier from Right Load on Pier from left Total = 14.992 t
Load = 15.019 t
Live Load Impact Factor = 30.011 t
= 0.259 t
4.5/(6+L) =
Total Live Load in Case -2 considering Impact = 37.786 t
=
Unmbalanced Load about Minor Axis ( Perpendicular to Flow ) of Pier = 0.027 t

Case - 1
Load on Pier from Right side = 26.823 t
Load on Pier from Left side = 3.913 t
 6.8t

2.869m

0.489m

14.992 t
15.019 t
30.011 t
0.259 t

37.786 t

0.027 t

26.823 t
3.913 t
 =
Unbalanced Load =
22.910 t
=
Distance of Point of application of Load from center of Pier = =
0.300 m
Moment acting on Pier due to Un-Balanced Live Load =
8.654 T-m 0.20

0.10 0.02
C.L. of Plate Bearings
1.22
S/W of Pier
Dead Load for Self-Weight of Pier = 57.625t ((3.55+2*0.3)*1.22 +
Longitudinal Force Calculation: 0.785*1.22^2)*3.699*2.5
Braking Force (20% of LL on Span = 7.280t acting 1.2 m above Deck Moment will be =
17.290 tm
lever arm = 1.2 + W.C. thickness + Depth of Girder
Vertical Load transferred to Bearing Level due to the Couple =
1.521 t =

Horizontal Forces acting on Bearing Level ( Fh) = =

3.640 t
But in this case both ends are resting on Free Plate Bearings and the Resultant Longitdinal Force being transferred from bearing to Pier can not be more than the Frictional Force and this will
be refelected from Cl. 211.5.1.1 and 211.5.1.2 of IRC 6 : 2014

FRICTIONAL FORCE
Co-efficient of Friction, µ = 0.4 (IRC 6:2010, CL. 211.5.1.)
As per Cl. 211.5.1.2, the span becoming less t
Cl. 211.5.1 of IRC ^-2010
greater of,

µR = µ x Unbalanced Dead Load transferred to Bearing level.

q
But µRq will be equal for both side of equal span and hence it will be zero.
µR = µ x Unbalanced Live Load transferred to Bearing level.
g
µ x LL Reaction Un balanced = 9.164 T CL. 211.5.1.1 ,IRC-6 :2010

Frictional Resistance offered to the movement of Free Bearings due to change of Temparature or anyother case.
Hence the Applied horizontal load
9.164 t
Water Current Force:
As per IRC 6 : 2010, CL. 210.2,
The Intensity of Pressure, P =
52KV2
The bed is erodible and hence triangular distribution of square of velocity shall be applicable. But from point of becoming on safer side the distribution is being considered rectangular i.e. same velocity all through and distribution of press
intensity due to water current also rectangular.

Flow Parallel to Pier-

Mean velocity of flow Below Bridge 2.064 m/s
Maximum mean velocity of flow 2.919 m/s 1.41x2.064
Cl. 210.3 of IRC 6 :2010
For piers with semi-circular ends, K 0.660 (As per IRC 6 : 2010, CL. 210.2)
Hence, pressure intensity, P 292.425
kg/m2 52x0.66x(2.919)^2
143.519 m (FSL) 292.425
kg/m 2

2.373 m
141.146 m (CBL)
292.425
kg/m2
Total Force on Pier along the flow 846.589 kg
292.425x2.37x0.61
Point of Application from Bed Level 1.187 m
2.373/2
With an angle of 20° with axis of flow-
Velocity component perpendicular to flow V Sin α
Maximum Velocity = 0.995 m/s
Water current pressure intensity 34 kg/Sqm

143.519 m (FSL) 34.004

kg/m2
2.373 m
141.146 m (CBL)
Total force perpendicular to the flow
(Perp. To Major Axis Y-Y) 433
kg
As per Cl. 210.6, this should be compared with the static force created due to generation of a differential head
of 250 mm between two sides of pier.

143.519 m (FSL)
2.373 m 250 mm

141.146 m (CBL) 2.123 m

Total static force on the left = 15120 kg
Total static force on the right = 12102 kg
Difference between the forces = 3018 kg > than 433kg
Hence the differential static force shall be taken into account instead of cross current effect. = 3018 kg
Total force on Pier perpendicular to the flow
Point of Application from Bed Level
( Axis Y-Y) = 1.187 m

Wind Force:
Considering No Water Condition-
11.969 m
 85*1.22^2)*3.699*2.5
Moment will be =
17.290 tm

1.)

me velocity all through and distribution of pressure

1.225 m
 C/S of Deck Structure
WL on Superstructure-
Total Length of a Sinlge span end to end 11.969 m
Height above bearing including parapet 2.325 m
Area of superstructure subject to WL ( neglecting Perforation) 27.828 sqm

Transverse Wind force acting at centroid of the area, F T = Pz x AT x G x CD

Pz = Wind pressure in N/mm2 463.700 N/m 2 (As per Table 4, IRC:6-2010)
AT = Solid area subject to wind 27.828 sqm
(b/d) for composite section ( as no prosity in Parapet Walls considered ) 10.881 > 6
Hence, drag co-efficient, C 1.950 (As per Clause 209.3.3, IRC:6-2010)
D
Hence, Transverse wind force, F T 5032 kg
Point of Application, from Top of Pile Cap ( Cause bending X-X ) 3.699 m

Due to this Horizontal Force there will be a Push Pull Effect to cause Pressure and equal amount of Tension in Pier
The quantum of this force will be = C.G. of Force *Distance from Bearing / center to center distance of girders
Hence te quantum of Push & Pull = 943.5 kg in each pier.
WL on LL Component-
As per previous, tranverse WL, FT P z x AT x G x CD
Gust Factor, G 2
Drag co-efficient, C 1.2 (As per Clause 209.3.6, IRC:6-2010)
D
Transverse wind force acting at Bearing Level
X-X 3696 kg 463.7x33.214x2x1.2)/10
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap 3.699 m
-++m+0+1.5
Longitudinal wind force acting at Bearing Level 924 kg working 1.5 m from road level
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap 3.699 m

WL on Pier- 4.150 m 144.395 m

No Water Condition 1.22 m (PIER TOP)
Direction of Wind
For above wind direction,
b= 1.22 m (CBL)

d= 4.15 m
Ratio of length & width, d/b = 3.402 < 4
Ratio of height & width, h/b = 2.663
Therefore, drag co-efficient, C = 0.8 (As per Table 5, IRC:6-2010)
D
But as per Notes under Table 5, in case of Rectangular Pier with rounded corners above value of Cd shall be multiplied by
factor, greater of (1-1.5r/b) = 0.250 1-(1.5X(1.22/2)/1.22) & 0.500
Therefore, revised darg co-efficient, CD = 0.400 Max of (0.25 & 0.5) x 0.8
Hence, Wind force acting on pier = 147 kg 463.7x(3.249x1.22)x2x0.4)/10
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap = 1.625 m 3.249/2

Considering Full Water Condition:

Transverse wind force in this condition, F T Pz*At*G*Cd = 5032 kg (will be same as previous condition) Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap
= 3.699 m
WL on LL Component-
Transverse wind force on LL, F = 3696 kg (will be same as previous condition)
T
Point of Application from Bed Level = 3.699 m
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap = 3.699 m

WL on Pier- d= 4.150 m 144.395 m

(PIER TOP)
Direction b= 1.22 m (FSL)

5.10

0.45 0.45

Ratio of length & width, d/b = 3.402 <

Ratio of height & width, h/b = 0.700
Therefore, drag co-efficient, CD = 0.800 (As per Table 5, IRC:6-2010)
But as per Notes under Table 5, in case of Rectangular Pier with rounded corners above value of Cd shall be multiplied
by factor, greater of (1-1.5r/b) = 0.250
Actual Drag Coefficient = & 0.500
Therefore,revised darg co-efficient, CD = 0.400
Hence,wind force acting on pier Ft = = 40 kg
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap = 3.261 m

Vertical Wind Force:

Vertical Wind Force acting on the deck = Pz x A3 x G x CL
Pz = Wind pressure in N/mm2 = 463.700
N/m2
CL= Lift Co-efficient = 0.75 (As per Clause 209.3.5, IRC:6-2010)
A3= Plan area of Slab = 61.042 sqm 0x11.969
Hence, the vertical wind force = 4246 kg 463.7x2x0.75x61.042/10
C:6-2010)

3.699 m

road level

144.395 m
(PIER TOP)

(CBL)

.22) & 0.500

x 0.8
2)x2x0.4)/10

vious condition) Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap

144.395 m
(PIER TOP)
(FSL)

(As per Table 5, IRC:6-2010)

.250
.500
.400
40 kg
3.261 m

0
N/m2
.75 (As per Clause 209.3.5, IRC:6-2010)
42 sqm 0x11.969
246 kg 463.7x2x0.75x61.042/10
 Summary Table for Forces:- Y
X X
Flow Y Longitudinal to Bridge Axis to cause Moment about X-X

Summary Table for Forces:-

Table-I
Force Description Vertical Force (T) Horizontal Load Horizontal Load Lever Arm about Lever Arm about Y-Y m Moment about X- X Moment about Y-Y
Longitudinal m Tranverse T X-X m axis t-m axis t-m

Canal Dry Condition:

Dead Load 141.45 - -
Live Load 38.70 -
UnbalancedLL 28.845 0.300 8.654
Longitudinal Force (Frictional - 9.16 3.699 -
critical) 33.897

Braking Force 1.521t

Wind Force (Horizontal) - - -
On LL 0.924 3.696 3.699 3.699 3.418 13.672
On superstructure 5.032 3.70 18.613
On Pier 0.040 3.261 0.130
Wind Force (VertIcal) -4.246 - -
Total= 177.42 10.09 8.77 45.969 32.415

Canal FSL Condition:

Table-II
Dead Load 141.45 - -
Live Load ( unbalanced ) 28.85 0.30 - 8.654
Longitudinal Force (Frictional - 9.164 3.699 -
critical) 33.897

Braking Force 1.521t

Water Current - 3.018 0.847 1.187 1.187 3.581 1.004
Wind Force (Horizontal) -
On Live Load 0.924 3.696 3.699 3.699 3.418 13.672
Super structure 5.032 3.699 18.613
Pier 0.040 3.261 0.130
Wind Force (Vertical) -4.246 - -
Buoyancy -2.218
Total= 175.205 13.106 9.615 49.550 33.420
Design of Pier Section:
Vertical Load,Fy
= 175.205 T
Moment about X-X,Mx-x = 49.550 T-m
Dimension of Pier Straight along X-X Dimension of Pier along X-X,Semi Cir. Total = 4.150 m
Dimension along X-X Dimension along Y-Y = 0.610 m
= 5.370 m
= 1.220 m

Area of Section = 6231394 mm2

Dia of rod Provided = 16 mm
Area of Reinforced Bar 16 mm Dia Spacing Provided = 201.062 mm2
Peremeter Length of Pier = 200 mm C/C
= 11634.560 mm

Area of Reinforced Provided, Asc = 11696.335 mm2 (11634.56/200)x201.1

Section ,required to take Vert. Force, A1 = 200235 mm2 175.205x10^4/8.75 Ref Cl 26.5.3.1.b-IS-456

Minimum Steel Required(0.8% of A1) Grade of Reinforcement = 1601.9 mm Fe500

2
< 11696.3 mm 2
Grade of Concrete Clear cover Modulur Ratio Height of Pier = M35 Ref IRC-21
Slenderness about X-X = 50 mm < 12,Hence not Slender
= 8.00
= 3.699 m
= 3.032 M
=

Slenderness about Y-Y = 0.689 M < 12,Hence not Slender

Permissible direct
compressive stress in concrete, scc = 8.750 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21

Permissible Bending Compressive stress in concrete, scbc Permissible Bending = 11.670 Mpa
Compressive = 240 Mpa
stress in steel, sst

1220 [Table 10 of IRC: 21-2000]

Thickness of Pier, D = 1.220 m
Length of Pier b = 5.370 m
610

16 Ø 200 C/C
X

4150
Y
610
 f Cl 26.5.3.1.b-IS-456

11696.3 mm 2

RC:21

000]
 Area of Reinforcement Provided , Asc = 11696 mm 2
Ae, (Ac+1.5xmAsc) = 6371710 mm 2
Equivalent Moment of Inertia about X-X,IeX-X = 736725747588 mm 4 Ignoring the MI of steel
C = 351 mm
Equivalent Moment of Inertia about Y-Y = 13661124347958
mm4

scc' = 0.262 N/mm 2 175.2X10^4/(6691715.935)

scbc' x-x = 0.410 N/mm 2 49.55X10^7/736725747588
scbc' y-y = 0.066 N/mm 2 33.42X10^7/13661124347958
scc'/scc+scbc/scbc' = 0.071
< 1 ,Hence O.K. Cl. B-4.1 , IS 456 :2000
Maximum Stress = 0.738 N/mm2 0.262+0.41+0.066

Minimum Stress = -0.214 N/mm2

Maximum Compressive Stress = = 0.738 N/mm 2

Maximum Tensile Stress = = 0.214 N/mm 2 Hence O.K.
=
The Resultant Tension is less than 35% of 0.735 N/mm2 = = 0.258 N/mm 2 > 2.141.E-01 hence O.K.
( AS per Cl. B4.1 ( b) of IS 456 : 2000 ) = IS 456: 2000, Cl B-4.1
Permissible Tensile stress in M35 4.00 N/mm 2 Hence O.K.
C/C distance of Pile along Y-Y = 3.600 m
C/C distance of Pile along X-X = 3.600 m
Length of Pile Cap along Y-Y = 5.500 m
Length of Pile Cap along X-X = 9.100 m

0.95
1

Y(-) 3.6
5
Y(+)
2
3.6

3.6
3

0.95

X(+)
0.95 3.600

5.500

X(-)
Vertical Load acting on Pier = 175.2 T Refrence Table-II
Moment about X-X = 49.5 T-m Refrence Table-II
Moment about Y-Y = 33.4 T-m Refrence Table-II
Horizontal Load = 13.1 T Refrence Table-II
Maximum Hor. Force
LOAD ON INDIVIDUAL PILE IN A PILE GROUP
Qm = Q/n (+/-) MyX/sigma X 2 ( + /-) MxY/signma Y2

Q= Total vertical load acting at the centroid of the pile group.

n= number of piles in a group 6
 1/12x4150x1220^3+PI()/64x1
220^4

175.2X10^4/(6691715.935)
9.55X10^7/736725747588
3.42X10^7/13661124347958
-4.1 , IS 456 :2000

ence O.K.

hence O.K.
S 456: 2000, Cl B-4.1

0.95
Maximum Hor. Force
Mx, My = Moment w.r.t. X and Y axes respectively.
x,y = distance of pile from Y & X respectively X
For P1, P3,P4,P6 3.6
P2 & P5 0
Load from Pier acting on,P1 = 37.966 T
Load from Pier acting on,P2 = 33.789 T P1,P2 &P3 Mx +
Load from Pier acting on,P3 = 31.468 T P4,P5 & P6 Mx -
Load from Pier acting on,P4 = 26.934 T P1&P4 My +
Load from Pier acting on,P5 = 24.613 T P2 & P5 My = 0
Load from Pier acting on,P6 = 23.066 T P3 & P6 My -

Pile Cut-off Level = 138.971 m -0.45-1.8+0.075

Pile Termination Level = 119.767 m Refer Soil Report,Page-Sheet-20

Dia of Pile = 1.200 m
Shaft Length of Pile = 19.204 m 138.971-119.767
Selfweight of Pile Cap
Length of Pile cap along X-X = 5.500 m
Length of Pile cap along Y-Y = 9.100 m
Thickness of Pile Cap = 1.800 m [Cl. 709.5.4 of IRC: 78-2000]
Self weight of Pile Cap = 225.225 T 5.5x9.1x1.8x2.5
Total Load acting on Pile,P1 = 75.504 T
Total Load acting on Pile,P2 = 71.326 T
Total Load acting on Pile,P3 = 69.006 T
Total Load acting on Pile,P4 = 64.471 T
Total Load acting on Pile,P5 = 62.150 T
Total Load acting on Pile,P6 = 60.603 T
< 140.000 T OK
Horizontal Load acting on each Pier = 2.184 T 13.106/6
< 36.000 T Hence SAFE

Design of Pile Cap

Grade of Concrete = M-35
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe-500
Clear Cover = 75 mm Reference Clause 6.12.6- IS-2911
Dia of Reinforcement = 25 mm
Effective Depth = 1712.500 mm 1800-25/2-75
s = 11.670 N/mm2
Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 9 Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 10
s = 240 N/mm2

Modulur ratio,m=280/3scbc = 8.00 Ref IRC 21:2000

k = scbc/(scbc+sst/m) = 0.280 11.67/(11.67+240/7.998)
j,Lever arm factor = 0.907 1-0.28/3
R = 1.481 N/mm2 11.67/2X0.28X(1-0.28/3)
Effective Depth required = 504 mm SQRT(45.18x10^7/(1.481x1200)
Total Depth required = 592 mm 504.1+25/2+75
Provided Depth = 1800 mm SAFE [Cl.709.5.4 of IRC: 78-2000]
Effective Depth Provided = 1712.500 mm 1800-25/2-75
Area of Reinforcement Calculation Reinforcement,A
= 1212.428 mm2
45.18x10^7/(0.907x1712.5x240)

Dia provided (primary) = 25 mm

Provided Spacing = 150 mm C/C Top & Bottom Both Way of Pile Cap
cbc
st

st

Punching Area

1.200 mm dia

Punching Shear Check

Punching Shear area = 6455973 mm2 PI()x1200x1712.5

Punching Shear stress = 0.117 N/mm2 75.5x10000/6455973

Permissible Shear Stress = 0.947 N/mm2 0.16xSQRT(35)
Hence Safe in Punching Shear -Reference Clause 307.2.5.5,IRC-21
Concrete Design of Pile

Pile Cut-off Level Termination Level Diameter of Pile Provide = 138.971 m

% of Steel Provided Area of Steel = 119.767 m
Permissible stress in concrete in direct compression,scc = 1200 mm
Permissible compressive stress for Reinforcement,ssc = 0.4 %
= 4523.893 mm2
= 8.750 MPa
= 240 MPa

A
c (1-0.4/100)x1130973
= 1126449 mm2
A
sc 0.4/100x1130973
= 4523.893 mm2
Permissible Axial Load of Pier, = 1094.217 T (8.75x1126449.5+240x4523.9)/10^4
Reference Clause B.3.1,IRC-21 > OK
Axial Load acting on Pile = 75.504 T
Hence it is Safe in Axial Compression
Vertical Bar provided 16 nos 20 tor = 5027 mm2 SAFE
Stirrup Provided 8 Tor 150mm C/C
 Y
1.8
1.8

ge-Sheet-20

8-2000]

OK

Hence SAFE

12.6- IS-2911

le 9 Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 10

7.998)

28/3)
1.481x1200)

[Cl.709.5.4 of IRC: 78-2000]

1712.5x240)

Way of Pile Cap

73

07.2.5.5,IRC-21

40x4523.9)/10^4
 16 NOS 20mm DIA TOR
Tie 8mm Tor 150mm C/C
Lateral Load Capacity Calculation of Pier Pile
Grade of Concrete = M-35 MPA
I,(Π/4xD4) = 0.102 m 4
Length above Scour Level,L1 = 0
Embedement Length below Scour,Le = 19.204
Overburden material Type = NC (Ref From Soil Report,Page-Sheet no-A25)
N = 9 (Ref From Soil Report,Page-Sheet no-A25)
Modulas of Subgrade Reaction =
1200 kN/m3 Refer Table 3 Annex C of IS 2911

Stiffness Factor,T = 4.79 m T=5√𝐸𝐼/𝑒ℎ

L /T = 4.01 >4;Long Elastic Pile
Sketches of Pile Reinforcement
e
L1,projection of Length above GL = 0
L /T = 0
1
L /T = 2.19 From Figure-4-IS-2911
f
Lf,Fixity length of Pile = 10.48 m
Horizontal Load = 2.184 T

Fixed End Moment,Mf = 11.450 T-m Mf=((𝑒+𝑍𝑓))/2 (For Fixed Head Piles)
Vertical Load acts on Pile = 75.504 T (e=0,Zf=Lf)
Mu = 17.175 T-m 1.5*11.45
Pu = 113.256 T 1.5*75.504
Pu/fckD2 = 0.022
Mu/fckD3 = 0.003
p/fck = 0.010
p = 0.35 %
Ast = 3958 mm2
Dia = 20
Nos = 12.600
Provided Reinforcement 16 Nos 20 mm Dia OK
Thickness of Abutment = 1.220 m
Thickness of Approach Slab = 0.225 m
Height of Dirt Wall = 0.899 m
Thickness of Dirt Wall = 0.300 m
Length of Pile Cap along Y-Y = 5500 m
Length of Pile Cap along X-X = 9100 m
Thickness of Pile Cap = 1.800 m
Top of Pile Cap, below Bed = 0.450 m
= m
= m
Approach Slab L = 3500 mm Bottom of Girder = 144.443 m
Thickness = 0.225 Top of Girder = 145.543 m
of Wall 3.699 0.90 Bearing thickness= 0.024m FSL = 143.519m

10.769m
Pier = 1.22m CBL =
1.22 141.146m
950

140.696 m 140.696 m
3600 Abutmt 0.3m 0.0
Ht. 1.22m thick
Length of the Girder from end to end = 1190
Pile Dia = 1200mm
Gap between Wall & end of Girder =0.02
3600
9100mm
Overhang of Girder = 0.1m
950 1.22m
Width of Bearing = 0.4m
950mm Distance of C/L of Bearing from end of Wall = 0.62 m
5500 Distance of C/L of Bearing from C/L of Abutt =
X Projection of Girderbeyond C/L of Bearing =
Details of Abutment Top
Load Calculation
Vertical force due to Dead Load from Super Structure
Length of the girder Transferring load to Abutment = 6.134m
Load being transferred to Abutment from 2 Girders W1 = 44.067t
Horizontal distance of the line of action of this force from C/L of Abutment Self Load of Bearing = 0.010m
0.45X0.4X0.024X7.85*2 W2 = 0.067m acting 0.01m away from C/L of Abutment.
=
 16 NOS 20mm DIA TOR
Tie 8mm Tor 150mm C/C

xed Head Piles)

=Lf)
45
504

Dia OK

C/L of Abutment
0.3m 0.0 C/L of Bearing

f Bearing = 0.4m
0.62 m
0.01m
0.3m

ay from C/L of Abutment.

 Vertical Force due to Live Load from Super Structure
=
Load on Abutment due to Live Load shall be same as LL in Case 1 in Pier from RHS = 26.823t Live Load with Impactb Factor W3
= 33.773 t
=
Braking force
Braking force,20% of the Total Axle Load acting on Abutment = 7.280t acting 1.2m above deck This braking force is acting 1.2 m above the wearing course level,
hence
Horizontal distance of the Line of action of this Force from C/L of the Abutment = 0.010m
Selfweight of Abutment 4.598m = 102.666 T
Height of Dirt Wall Thickness of Dirt Wall = 0.899 m
1.220 = 0.300 m
Abutment
3.699

Width of Dirt Wall = 9.100 m

Selfweight of Abutment & Dirt wall,Acting at Base W = 108.801 T
5
Longitudinal force from Superstructure
μ = Co-efficient of Friction at the Movable bearing = 0.400 Ref as earlier
Hence, The Longitudinal Force on Abutment H
1 = 28.356 T
Height of the Line of action of this force above the base of the Abutment
= 3.699 m

WIND FORCE
Wind Force from Live Load and Superstructure are not being considered on Abutment parallel to the flow direction
as there though that will cause bending of Abutment about its Transverse Axis but that will be resisted by Passive

Vertical force due to Live Load surcharge

Bulk unit weight of Compacted Back Filled Soil =

Coefficient of Active Pressure =
The pressure at Base =
The center of Pressure acts 0.42H from Base for Active Pressure triangular Distribution against Wall =
Vertical force due to Live Load surcharge
1.2m
H2 0.799 t/m2)

H3 CBL
0
Pressure due to Live Load Surcharge Active EP .
4
Horizontal Force Due to Live Load Surcharge 5
Bulk unit weight of Compacted Back Filled Soil = 2.00 t/m 3
Angle of Repose,φ(Considered) = 30 o

= 0.524 rad
Active Earth pressure co-efficient, K a = 0.333 o
Horizontal Pressure Intensity due to Surcharge = 0.799 t/m2
Horizontal Force due to Live Load Surcharge per running meter Length of Abutment = 3.674 T
= 9.10 m

Total Load acting on Abutment H2 = 33.43 T

Height of the Line of action of this force above the base of the Abutment = 2.299 m

Horizontal Force due to Active Earth Pressure

Active Earth pressure co-efficient, K a Intensity of Pressure at Base = = 0.333
Horizontal force due to Earth Pressure per running meter = 3.065 t/Sqm
Width of Abutment 7.047 t
9.10 m

Total Load acting on Abutment H3 = 64.13 t

Height of the line of action of this force above the base of the abutment = 1.931 m

Horizontal Force due to Passive Earth Pressure

Passive Earth pressure co-efficient, K p 3.000
Pressure Intensity at Base = 2.700 t/sqm
Horizontal force due to Passive Earth Pressure per running meter = 0.608 t/m
Length of Abutment H4 = 9.10 m
Total Load acting on Abutment = 5.528 T
Height of the line of action of this force above the base of the abutment 0.150 m

Horizontal Force due to GWT(In case of Undrainage condition):

Considering 1m depth of water shall remain undrained H5 =
Then Pressure Intensity at Base due to standing water of 1.0m Depth above Abutment 1.000 t/sq.m 0.5x1xm

Base per running meter 0.000 t/m

Length of Abutment = 9.10 m
Total Load acting on Abutment = 4.55 t
Height of Point of application of this force from abutment base = 0.333 m

1m

1 t/m2
any in undrained condition)
1m
(Pressure due to GWT if
Summary of Forces acting on Abutment(Reference as Earlier)
b Factor W3

ve deck This braking force is acting 1.2 m above the wearing course level,

= 102.666 T
= 0.899 m
= 0.300 m

9.100 m

0.400 Ref as earlier

e above the base of the Abutment

2t/m3
0.333
0.80 t/m2
1.931 m

00 t/m 3
30 o

0.524 rad
0.333 o
0.799 t/m2
3.674 T
9.10 m

33.43 T
2.299 m

0.333
3.065 t/Sqm
7.047 t
9.10 m

64.13 t
1.931 m

3.000
2.700 t/sqm
0.608 t/m
9.10 m
5.528 T
0.150 m

1.000 t/sq.m 0.5x1xm

0.000 t/m
9.10 m
4.55 t
0.333 m
 Forces Vertical Eccentricity Moment
Load(T) (meter) (T-m)
W1 44.067 0.010 0.441
W2 0.067 0.010 0.001
W3 33.773 0.010 0.338
W4 1.521 0.010 0.015
W5 108.801 0.000 0.000
Horizontal Load Height of Line action from Moment (T-m)
(T) above the
Base(m)
H1 28.356 3.699 104.889
H2 33.432 2.299 76.859
H3 64.130 1.931 123.834
H4 Opposite direction 5.528 0.150 0.829
H5 4.550 0.333 1.517
∑ 188.229 T ∑ 306.270 T-m
Design of Abutment
X
Design Input 1.220 m
Vertical Load,Fy = 188.229 T
Moment about,Mx-x = 306.270 T-m
Moment about,My-y = 0.000 T-m
Concrete Section Provided
Length of Abutment,b = 9.1 m
Thickness of Abutment,D = 1.220 m
Area of Section = 11102000 mm2
Y
Reinforcement Provided
At Compression Zone ( Canal Side ) Y
Dia provided = 20 mm
Spacing provided = 200 mm c/c
Asc = 14137 mm2
At Tension Zone ( Country Side)
Dia provided = 20 mm
Spacing provided Asc = 100 mm c/c X
Area of Reinforced Provided = 28274 mm2 < 12,Hence not Slender
Grade of Reinforcement Grade of Concrete = 42412 mm2 Fe500
Clear cover Modulur Ratio Height = M35
Slenderness about X-X = 50 mm
= 8.00
= 4.598m
= 3.769
=

Slenderness about Y-Y = 0.505 < 12,Hence not Slender

Permissible Direct Compressive stress,scc = 8.750 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21
Permissible Bending Compressive stress,scb Bending = 11.670 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21
Compressive & Tensile stress(Steel = 240.000 Mpa
Equivalent Area -Ae, = (Ac+1.5xmAsc) = 11568381 mm2

Equivalent Moment of Inertia about X-X,(Ie X- = 1466795103513 mm4 1/12bD3+(m-1)Asc(D/4)^2

Equivalent Moment of Inertia = 78149092249568 mm4 1/12Db3+(mc-1)Asc(b/2-cc)2
about Y-Y,IeY-Y
s
cc' = 0.163
N/mm2 188.2X10^4/(11568381.14)
s
cbc' x-x = 1.274
N/mm2 (306.3X10^7/1466795103513)x610
s
cbc' y-y = 0.000
N/mm2 0X10^7/78149092249568
scc'/scc+scbc/scbc' = 0.128 (0.163/8.75+1.274/11.67+0/11.67)

Maximum Stress = 1.436 N/mm2 0.163+1.274+0 < 8.33 MPa

Minimum Stress = -1.111 N/mm2 0.163-1.274-0 Check for Crack Section

b= 9.1
At Compression Zone
Dia provided = 20 mm
Spacing provided = 200 mm c/c At Tensile Zone
Dia provided = 20 mm
Spacing provided = 100 mm c/c
Ast =
28274 mm2 dc b c'
clear cover = 50 mm
Asc

Eccentricity e = = 1627 mm
D= = 1220.0 mm D/2 n
D/4 < e < 3*D/2 D
Hence it is a case of compressive force at moderate intensity. Referring to the stress diagram, let's consider c' is the compressive stress in concrete.
Then from the above stress diagram it is clear that
the compressive stress at steel , tc = m *c'/n*(n- dc) =1.5m*c'/n*(n-dc)
c Eqn --(1) D/2
Tensile stress at steel t= m*c'/n*(D -dt -n) dt dc = dt = 60

Ast

As the section is balanced , there can not be unresolved force , hence the algebraic summation of Internal Compressive force and Tensile shall be equal to the external force P
n

d
 Hence, = P
b*n*c'/2 + (mc - 1)*Asc* c'/n*(n-dc) - m*Ast*c'/n*(D-dt-n) = P ---- Eqn 3 =
Similarly the moments of all forces acting on the section must bal
Hence taking moments about the center of tensile streel, we get

bnc'/2*(D-dt-n/3) + ( mc - 1)*Asc*c'/n*(n-dc)*(D-dt-dc)
5.5 m = P*(e+ D/2 - dt) Eqn 4
Dividing Eqn 4 by Eqn 3,
D= 1220 mm
bn/2*(D- dt - n/3) + ( mc - 1)* Asc*1/n*(n-dc)*(D-dt-dc) = ( e + D/2 -dt ) Eqn 5 b= 9100 mm
bn/2 + (mc-1)*Asc*((n-dc)/n)- mAst*( (D-dt- n)/n) Asc = 14137 sqmm Ast = 28274 sqmm
solving for n by trial and error m=m
c = 8

n = 283.8mm
2.14 m
1.2 m
Hence to find value of c ' from equation 3 2.14 m
by trial and error c' = 2.79N/mm2 Compressive Stress in Concrete = 2.8 N/sqmm
Compressive stress in Steel = 26.4 N/sqmm Solving Eqn --(1)
Tensile stress in Steel = 68.9 N/Sqmm
All Stresses are O.K.
9.1 m X

X
Abutment
5.5 m

1.80 m P
i
l
e

Self weight of Pile Cap of Abutment, ( W6) 225.225 t 9.1*5.1*1.8*2.5

Weight of Back filled Earth ( W7) 179.083 t
Weight due to Live Load Surcharge ( W 8) 46.738 t Approach Slab Length = 3.5m
Thickness = 0.225 Gap between Wall & end of Girder =0.02

1.1
End Girder

C/L of Abutment
0.3m .02 C/L of Bearing
ang
der =
0.1m

Backfil material
4.598 m

Overh of Gir

1.22m
2.14 2.14 m

2.250 m
13.5 t/sqm

m X 1.22m
2.8 t/sqm 5.5 m Width of Bearing = 0.4m
1 m standing water above slab Distance of C/L of Bearing from end of Wall = 0.62 m
Distance of C/L of Bearing from C/L of Abutt = 0.01m
Projection of Girderbeyond C/L of Bearing = 0.3m
Details of Abutment Top

Vertical Load Weight (T) LA about Pt. X Stabilizing M (T- Overturning M

(M) M) (T-M)
W1 44.067 2.75 121.185
W2 ( neglected)
W3 26.823 2.75 73.763
W4 1.521 2.75 4.182
W5 108.801 2.75 299.204
W6 225.225 2.75 619.369
W7 179.08 4.43 793.337
W8 46.74 4.43 207.048
Total 632.258 T 2118.088 T-m
Horizontal Load Thrust LA about Pt. X Stabilizing M Overturning M
(T) (M) (T-M) (T-M)
H1 28.356 5.499 155.93
H2 33.432 4.099 137.04
H3 64.130 3.731 239.27
H4' ( Stabilizing) 138.206 0.750 103.65
H5 99.882 0.933 93.22
Total Horizontal Load 87.593 T
Total Stabilizing Moment agaist overturning at point X Total Overturning Moment = 2118.088
against Point X = 521.802 T-m
Resultant Stabilizing Moment = 1596.286 T-m
Resultant load is passing through at a distance Eccentricity = 2.525 m
Moment about Axis X-X = 0.225 m from Point X
= 142.423 T-m clock wise Moment

2.8m
1.8
 = P
= e'
e
Similarly the moments of all forces acting on the section must balance.
ments about the center of tensile streel, we get AL N
1220mm C

b= 9100 mm
Asc = 14137 sqmm Ast = 28274 sqmm

mm

X
Abutment

9.1*5.1*1.8*2.5

Length = 3.5m
Gap between Wall & end of Girder =0.02

C/L of Abutment
0.3m .02 C/L of Bearing

Overh of Gir

22m
Width of Bearing = 0.4m
istance of C/L of Bearing from end of Wall = 0.62 m
istance of C/L of Bearing from C/L of Abutt = 0.01m
rojection of Girderbeyond C/L of Bearing = 0.3m
etails of Abutment Top
 8.088
.802 T-m
6.286 T-m
25 m
25 m from Point X
.423 T-m clock wise Moment
 0.95 3.6 0.95
9.1

0.95

3.6

Y(-)

3.6
1.22
P3
(-)
0.95
P6

5.5
X

P4
P1
P5
P2
Load acting on Piles = 632.258 T
Vertical Load at bottom of Pile Cap Moment about X-X = 142.423 T-m
HorizontaL Load = 87.593 T

Pile to Pile Distance along X-X = 3.600 m For P1, P3,P4,P6 X Y

Pile to Pile Distance along Y-Y = 3.600 m P2 & P5 3.6 1.8
0 1.8
Load acting on Pier,P1 = 118.564 T
Load acting on Pier,P2 = 118.564 T
Load acting on Pier,P4 = 92.189 T
Load acting on Pier,P3 = 118.564 T
Load acting on Pier,P5 = 92.189 T
Load acting on Pier,P6 = 92.189 T
Pile Cut-off Level = 138.971 m
Pile Termination Level = 119.767 m Refer Soil Report,Page-Sheet-14
Dia of Pile = 1.200 m
Shaft Length of Pile = 19.204 m 138.971-119.767
At Pile cut-off Level Pile capacity = 140.000 T < than 140 O.K.
Capability of Taking Horizontal Load = 36.000 T Reference Soil Report as follows hereunder
Horizontal Load acting on Pile = 14.599 T < than 36 T henc Hence O.K.
Y(+)

X(+)

Design of Pile Cap

= 1.190 m
Distance of center of Pile from face of Pier
Maximum Load on Pile = 118.564 T
Net Maximum Upward Load acting on Capping Slab from Pile Maximum Moment at Pile = 81.026 T
face = 96.421 T-m

Moment along X-X Grade of Concrete Grade of Reinforcement Clear Cover = 96.421 T-m
Dia of Reinforcement = M-35 T-m Fe-500
Effective Depth = 75 mm
= 25 mm
= 1712.500 mm
=
Reference clause 6.12.6- IS-2911
s
cbc = 11.67 1800-25/2-75
s
st = 240 N/mm2 Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 9
Modulur ratio,m=280/3scbc = 8.00 N/mm2 Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 10
k = scbc/(scbc+sst/m) = 0.280 Ref IRC 21:2000
j,Lever arm factor = 0.907 11.67/(11.67+240/8)
R = 1.482 1-0.28/3
Effective Depth required = 736 mm N/mm2 11.67/2X0.28X(1-0.28/3)
Total Depth required = 824 mm SQRT(25x10^7/(1.482x75000)
Provided Depth = 1800 mm 736.4+25/2+75
Effective Depth Provided = 1713 mm SAFE
1800-25/2-75
Area of Reinforcement Calculation
Reinforcement,Ast = 2587.6 96.421x10^7/(0.907x1712.5x240)
Dia provided (primary) = 25 mm
Spacing required = 190 mm
Provided Spacing = 150 mm C/C Top & Bottom Both Ways
erence clause 6.12.6- IS-2911
0-25/2-75
IRC 21:2000,Table 9
IRC 21:2000,Table 10
IRC 21:2000
67/(11.67+240/8)
28/3
67/2X0.28X(1-0.28/3)
RT(25x10^7/(1.482x75000)
.4+25/2+75
E
0-25/2-75

421x10^7/(0.907x1712.5x240)

& Bottom Both Ways

Punching Shear Check
= Punching Area 118.564
Punching Shear Force
Effective Depth of Pile,d = 1712.5 T
Dia of Pile = 1200 mm
Punching Shear area = 1.20 mm dia 6455972.90 mm
Punching Shear stress = 0.184 mm2 PI()x1200x1712.5

Permissible Shear Stress = 0.95 N/mm2 Punching Shear 118.564x10000/6455973

Hence Safe in N/mm2 0.16xSQRT(35)
-Ref clause 307.2.5.5,IRC-21
RC Design of Pile

Pile Cut-off Level =

Termination Level = 138.971 m
Diameter of Pile Provide = 119.767 m
Area of Pile = 1200 mm
Steel Provided = 1130973.36 mm2
Area of Steel = 0.4 %
Permissible stress in concrete in direct compression,scc = 4523.9 mm2
Permissible compressive stress for Reinforcement,ssc = 8.75 MPa
Ac = 240 MPa
A
sc = 1126449.46
mm2 (1-0.4/100)x1130973.4
Permissible Axial Load of Pier, = 4523.89 mm2 0.4/100x1130973.4
(8.75x1126449.5+240x4523.9)/10^4 = 1094.217 T Reference Clause B.3.1,IRC-21
Axial Load acting on Pile

Hence it is safe Axial Compression Load = 118.564

Vertical Bar provided 16 nos 20 tor
Stirrup Provided 8 Tor 150mm C/C = 5026.55 mm 2 SAFE
16 nos 20 tor NOS mm DIA TOR
Tie 8mm Tor 150mm C/C
I,(Π/4xD4) = 0.101787602 kN/m2
Length above Scour Level,L = 0 m4

Embedment Length below Scour,L e = of Pile Reinforcement

Sketches 19.204
Overburden material Type = NC
N = 9 (Ref From Soil Report,Page-Sheet no-A25)
Modulas of Subgrade Reaction = 1200 (Ref From Soil Report,Page-Sheet no-A25)
Stiffness Factor,T = 4.79 kN/m3
Le/T = 4.01 m T=5√𝐸𝐼/𝑒ℎ
L1,projection of Length above GL = 0 >4;Long Elastic Pile
L1/T = 0
Lf/T = 2.19
Lf,Fixity length of Pile = 10.48 From Figure-4-IS-2911
Horizontal Load = 14.599 m
Fixed End Moment,Mf = 76.5 T
Vertical Load acts on Pile = 118.56 T-m Mf=((𝑒+𝑍𝑓))/2 (For Fixed Head Piles)

Mu = 114.75 T (e=0,Z f=Lf)

Pu = 177.8454868 T-m 1.5*76.5
Pu/fckD2 = 0.035 T 1.5*118.20
Mu/fckD3 = 0.019
clear cover = 75 mm
effective cover d' = 85 mm
d'/D = 0.0708
Chart 60 of SP-13
p/fck 0.01 = 0.010
p = 0.35
Ast = 3958.406744 %
Dia = 20 mm2
Nos = 13 mm
Provided Reinforcement 16 Nos 20 mm Dia OK
 PI()x1200x1712.5

118.564x10000/6455973
0.16xSQRT(35)
-Ref clause 307.2.5.5,IRC-21

1 m
7 m
1200 mm
1130973.36 mm2

mm2
MPa
240 MPa
m2 (1-0.4/100)x1130973.4
9 mm2 0.4/100x1130973.4
Reference Clause B.3.1,IRC-21

<==Permissible Axial Load

SAFE

eet no-A25)
eet no-A25)

ad Piles)

0,Z f=Lf)
*76.5
.5*118.20

m Dia OK
 Design of Wing Wall
Basic Input:

Length of Wing Wall Foundation = 3.975 m

Depth of Foundation from Existing Canal Bed Level Top Level = 1 m
of Girder Including Wearing Coat = 145.594 m
Canal Bed Level = 141.146 m
Height of Wing Wall above GL Thickness of Foundation Raft = 4.448 m
= 0.500 m

Unit weight of Soil = 1.900

T/m3
f,angle of internal friction (in degree) Active earth pressure = 30
co-efficient (1+ Sin 30) / (1- Sin 30 ) = 0.333 (1-Sinf)/(1+Sinf)
Passive earth Pressure coefficient = 3.000
Co-efficient of friction = 0.450
Unit weight of Conc. 2.500 t/m3
1.2m Live Load Surcharge= 2.28
T/m2
T/m2
F2
0.76

F1=ka.sat.h2/2
W7
W2
4.948 W1
4.448 m W3
5.448 m W4
CBL

1.7 1.7
W6 0.575
1 0.275 0.275
X

W5
5.7 t/ m2

3.134 t/m2

3.450t/m2

Active earth pressure,F1 Live Load Surcharge,F2 Sliding = 9.399 T Seepage Pressure from back not considered as weep
Force,F1+F2 Moment due to F1 ( about Pt X ) Moment due to F2 = 4.140 T holes with backing by designed Filters are being
Overturning Moment About Point X = 13.363 T provided.
= 21.506 T-m
= 11.279 T-m
= 32.118 T-m

Items Forces,(T) Distances from Moment about

Point X "Heel"

W1 1.7 X( 5.448 - 0.5)X1.9 = 15.982 t 3.125 49.944

W2 0.5X(5.448-0.5)X(0.575-0.3)X1.9 = 1.293 2.183 2.822
W3 0.3 X (5.448-0.5)X2.5 = 3.711 1.850 6.865
 W4 0.5 X 0.275X(5.448-0.5)X2.5 = 1.701 2.092 3.558
W5 3.975 X 0.5 X 2.5 = 4.969 1.988 9.875
W6 1.7 X (1-0.5)*1.9 = 1.615 0.850 1.373
W7 1.2 X (1.7+0.275)X1.9 = 4.503 2.988 13.453
= 33.773 87.890

0.3
1.2 m

0.5

3.975 m Heel
Toe

Stabilizing Force against Sliding due to Passive Resistance = 2.85 t

Stabilizing Moment against Overturning at Pt. X due to Passive Resistance = 0.95 t-m
Net Stabilizing Moment against Overturning at Point X = 56.722
Distances of Resultant forces from X = 1.679 m
Ecentricity of the resultant Force from Center of Base = 0.308 m towards canal
This is producing an Anti Clock Wise moment of = 10.402 t-m
Factor of safety against overturning = 2.766 >1.4,Hence ok
Sliding Force = 13.363 T
Passive Pressure against sliding = 2.850 T
Resisting force against Sliding
0.45x33.773 = 15.198 T
Net Force towards Sliding = = 10.513 t
Factor of safety against sliding = 1.446 > than 1.4 hence O.K.
Stresses on SOIL below Foundation
Resultant vertical force = 33.77 t
Resultant Moment about center of Base = 10.402 t-m
Base area of Foundation per meter length = 3.975 sqm
Moment of Inertia about the central axis = 5.234
m4
Maximum Compressivde Stress = 12.447
t/m2
Minimum Compressive Stress = 4.546
t/m2
 3.975 m
1 m
145.594 m
141.146 m
4.448 m
0.500 m

1.900
T/m3
30
0.333 (1-Sinf)/(1+Sinf)
3.000
0.450
2.500 t/m3
2.28
T/m2
0.76 T/m2
F2
0.76

Seepage Pressure from back not considered as weep

holes with backing by designed Filters are being
provided.
ds canal

4,Hence ok

han 1.4 hence O.K.

m
 Toe
Heel
4.55 t/m2
12.447 t/m2
(1-0.5)x1.9=0.95
Stress at d away from Wall = 9.068 +((12.447-9.068)/1.7)Xd
t/m2
Design of Toe 0.95 t/m2 (4.448+(1-0.5))X 1.9
= 1.700 m
Cantilever Length of Toe
Bending Moment (9.068-0.95-0.5)X1.7X1.7/2+ 0.5X(12.447 - 9.068)X1.7X1.7X2/3 13.179 t-m/m
Basic Input
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe500
0.95 t/m2 9.40 t/m2
Grade of Concrete = M25
Clear cover = 75
Dia of Reinforcement d d = 16 mm
Permissible bending compreesive stress,scbc = 8.33 Mpa
Permissible stress,sst = 240 Mpa
Modular ratio, m(280/3scbc) 1.285 m 9.07 t/m2 7.925 t/m2 = 11.204
9.893
Constant for critical depth of N.A., k = 0.280
Lever arm factor, j = 0.91
Moment resistance factor, R = 1.057
N/mm2
Effective depth required,deff = 353 mm
Required overall depth,D = 436 mm
Provided Depth = 500 mm
Provided effective Depth = 415 mm
Required Steel = 1459
mm2
provide 16 tor = 100 mm C/C
Provided area of Reinforcement = 2011
mm2
Design for Shear(One way check )
Stress at d away from Wall = 9.893 t/m2
Shear force "d" distance away from Stem = 11.526 t
Shear stress = 0.278
N/mm2
Pt provioded = 0.484 %
Permissible shear stress = 0.310
N/mm2

Design of Heel
Cantilever Length of heel = 1.700 m
Bending Moment
Clock Wise BM = 15.391 t-m
Anti Clock Moment = 8.197 t-m
Net Clock wise moment to cause tension at top = 7.194 t-m
Basic Input
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe500
Grade of Concrete = M25
Clear cover = 50
Dia of Reinforcement = 12 mm
Permissible bending compreesive stress,scbc = 8.33 Mpa
Permissible stress,sst = 240 Mpa
Modular ratio, m = 11.204
Constant for critical depth of N.A., k = 0.280
Lever arm factor, j = 0.907
Moment resistance factor, R = 1.057
N/mm2
Effective depth required,deff = 260.844 mm
Required overall depth,D = 317 mm
Provided Depth = 500 mm
Provided effective Depth = 440 mm
Required Steel = 751.397
mm2
Provided Steel of 12 Tor = 100 mm C/C
Provided area of Reinforcement = 1131
mm2
 t/m2
1.700 m

79 t-m/m

Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21

Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21

SQRT(0x10^7/(1.06x1000))

Hence OK

(0x10^7/(0.91x415x240))

OK

(9.068 +((12.447-9.068)/1.7)Xd)

Hence O.K.

Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21

Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21

Hence OK

OK
Design for Shear(One way check )
Shear force "d" distance away from Stem = 7.506 T
Shear stress = 0.188
N/mm2
Pt provioded = 0.257 %
Permissible shear stress = 0.230
N/mm2

Design of Stem
LL Surcharge 1.2 m Ht

1.484 t/m2 0.760 t/m2

0.76 t/m2

4.948 m

CBL
Passive earth pressure
1.5 m

Height of Stem = 4.948 m

Bending Moment at Base due to Earth Pressure Grade of Reinforcement = 25.415 t-m/m Fe500
Grade of Concrete Clear cover = M25 50
Dia of Reinforcement = 20 mm
Permissible bending compreesive stress,scbc = 8.33 Mpa
=
=

Permissible stress,sst = 240 Mpa

Modular ratio, m = 11.204
Constant for critical depth of N.A., k = 0.280
Lever arm factor, j = 0.91
Moment resistance factor, R = 1.057
N/mm2
Effective depth required,deff = 490.3 mm
Required overall depth,D Provided Depth Provided effective Depth = 550.3 mm
= 575 mm
= 515 mm
Required Steel = mm2
2267.9

Provided Steel of 20 Tor = 100 mm C/C

Provided area of Reinforcement = mm2
3142

Design for Shear(One way check ) = 11.5 t/m2

Shear force at the face of Wall
Shear Stress = N/mm2
0.22

Pt provioded = 0.61 %
Permissible shear stress = 0.31
N/mm2
 *-(0*+0.5*(0-0)*)

Hence O.K.

CBL
Passive earth pressure

(1+4.448-0.5)
Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21

Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21

Hence OK

OK