Unit 5 Graphs

10 a
5.1 Direct proportion
1 a 2040 Yen b £1.75 c £6
2 a 50p or £0.50 b £2.50
c
Grams of 0 100 200 300 400 500
sweets
Cost (£) 0 0.50 1 1.50 2 2.50

b Yes

5.2 Interpreting graphs

1 A (10, 3); B (35, 4.2); C (23, 3); D (8, 5);
E (46, 0.2)
2 a i £14 ii £10
b Unlimited – pay an infinite amount.
c £12
d 0 minutes
3 B and D
e 150 minutes
4 a Yes b ≈ 10 cm
f Hana – B, Jeff – A, Matt – A
c ≈ 7 inches d 6 inches
3 a The share price increased.
e ≈ 13.25 cm f ≈ 37.5 cm
b $11
5 a
c 1 September, 1 November
d 1 July, 1 October
e $480
4 a £300 000 b £500 000
c 2004, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013
d 2007
e i Income decreased.
ii Income increased.
f It is hard to predict as the graph goes up and
down.
5 a £2 b £4 c 6–8 hours
6

b Yes c No
6 a i 86 °F ii 38 C
b 32 °F c 212 °F
7 a £32 b £8 per hour
c 8 hours
8 a 1 b 3
c 4 d 2
9 a Yes b No
c No d Yes

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5.3 Distance–time graphs 8 a i 1.5 m/s ii 1.2 m/s
1 11.10 am b Between 0 and 10 seconds
c 100 m d 1 m/s
2 a 0.5 hours b 3 hours c 2.25 hours
9 a 600 km b 4.20 pm c 350 km
3 a 800 m
d Train A = 133.3 km/h; Train B = 171.4 km/h
b Stays the same/does not change
c 15 minutes d 10 minutes 10 a 42 km b 9.45 am
e 10 minutes f 30 minutes 3 1 1
c A 2 h B 2 h C 3 h
4 4 4 4
d i Around 11.22 am ii 21.5 km

5.4 Rates of change

1 a ≈ £2550 b ≈ 8.3 years
c £2000 d ≈ £2100
2 a i C ii A iii B
b D The runner starts off quickly, stops for a
while and then runs quickly to the finish.
E The runner starts off slowly, then runs
quickly and then runs slowly again to the
finish.
3 a A, B and F b E and H
c After 5 minutes (part C). The water level rises
quickly.
5 a 150 km b 2 hours
d 8 minutes
c i 0 km/h ii 50 km/h
e A – water fills up the bath quickly
iii 16.7 km/h (3 s.f.)
B – water fills up the bath more slowly
6 a Sania: The time to get to the friend’s house is
C – person gets in
the same as the time to get home.
D – person sits in bath
Karl: The time at the friend’s house is not long
enough. E – some water let out of bath
b F – water tops up the level of the bath
G – person gets out of the bath
H – the bath begins to empty
4 a ≈ £12 000 b 0–2 years
c After 3 years d No
5 a 1 b A – 1; B – 2
6 a Narrow part b Graph B
7 a

b 2 pm–3 pm c 3 pm–4 pm
d i 36.7 mph ii 32.5 mph

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7 a 4 a The first graph
b The second graph
c £750
d 7.4%

5 Check up
Direct proportion
1 a i 16 km ii 3 miles
iii 1.6 km iv 50 miles
b It is a straight-line graph that goes through
(0, 0).
2 a
b No – it is not a linear graph.
c Because Luke’s arm is 1 m above the ground
when he throws the ball.
d Approximately 1.4 seconds and 7.2 seconds
e One is on the way up, the other is on the way
down.
f ≈ 8.6 seconds
8 a 2 A; 3 B; 4 C
b

b Venue A
c Venue B
5.5 Misleading graphs
d ≈ 3 hours 15 minutes
1 a Saturday b 2
e Venue B, £80
c He received more.
2 No title; no labels or key; percentages add up to Distance–time graphs
more than 100; sectors are not in proportion. 3 a 45 km
3 a It does not increase by the same number. b 15 minutes
You multiply by 10. c 1 hour 15 minutes
b d Between the pizza shop and his brother’s
house. This is the steepest part of the graph.
4

5 a 550 km b 3 times c 61.1 km/h

c It decreased (rapidly).

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Real-life graphs 3 a 2 times b 5 miles c 240 miles
6 a i The number of visitors increased. d 6 minutes e 6.5 hours f 36.9 mph
ii The number of visitors decreased.
Real-life graphs
b i ≈ 0.85 million
1 a 5
ii ≈ 0.65 million
b i £116 000 ii £158 000
7 Vase 1, Graph B; Vase 2 Graph A
c £4000 d 2003 e 2007
5 Strengthen 2 a £50 b Approximately £280
Direct proportion c All the values in the table are approximate.
1 a, b Age of bike
0 1 2 3 4 5
(years)

Cost (£) 280 220 175 145 120 100

Age of bike
6 7 8 9 10
c Straight line through (0,0) (or the origin) (years)
2 C and D Cost (£) 80 70 60 55 55
3 a £225 b £150 c 50 minutes
d Between 0 and 1 years
4 a–d e The line is the steepest
f No
3 a ≈ 52% b ≈ 3%
c Between 1995 and 2000
d The percentage increased.
e 65%
4 a i Red line ii Blue line
b i ≈ 16 °C ii ≈ 8 °C
c i July ii February
e Plan B b Plan A, £10 d July
g 7
Enrichment
Distance–time graphs
1 a ≈ 340 yuan
1 a i C ii A iii B b ≈ 3740 yuan
b 10 minutes c 40 minutes c ≈ 480 Indian rupees
d 1 km e 9 km d ≈ 1700 Indian rupees
f 9 km in 20 minutes; 9 km in 40 minutes e ≈ 9500 Indian rupees
g On the way there f ≈ £10
h Fastest
5 Extend
2 a–c
1 a i August ii April
b i 9C ii 11.5C
c i ≈ 59 mm ii ≈ 122 mm
2 a 150 mph b 100 miles

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3 a 8 a i

ii
b 48 mph
4 a 921.7 km/h
b 866.5 mm/day
c 26.2 m/s
5 a 8.3 m/s b 0.0083 km/s
c 0.5 km/min d 30 km/h
6 a 190 km b 400 m
c The first one
d Students’ own answer, for example:

b i No ii Yes
9 a

7 a i 19 C ii 28 C
b i 56 mm ii 65 mm
c Because the scales are very different.
b No
d It is warmer but not always wetter in Florida.
c

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10 a i 30% ii 20% 14
b The percentage of the population aged 0–14
decreased.
c 40–64 and 65+
d Older. The percentage of the population aged
40+ is increasing and the percentage aged
0–39 is decreasing.
11 a Decreases b ≈ 65 N/cm² c No
d You cannot put a force on an area of 0 cm².
e i They will mark the floor because a lot of
force goes through a small area (the heel).
ii A sharp knife has a smaller area so the
same force will generate a higher
pressure.
iii They put a large force through a small area
– their toes. 15

12 a 100 million websites.

b Multiply by 10 every square.
c 1992
d i ≈ 200 million
ii ≈ 120 million
iii ≈ 300 000
e Students' own answer, e.g. 'Left hand graph 16 a 1 second
for (i) and (ii), right-hand graph for (iii).’ b Just before and just after it hits the ground the
f Approximately 1 000 000 000 first time.
13 a c 0 m/s
d The maximum height would continue to
decrease.

5 Unit test
1 a i 15.5. Accept 15.3–15.7
ii 17.1. Accept 17.0–17.2
b March and September
c Lerwick d Lerwick
2 a 1 hour b First part c 45 km/h
3 A – iv B–i C – iii D – ii
b No 4 a
c Yes
d No, braking distance = (stopping distance) –
(thinking distance)
Because stopping distance is not in direct
proportion, breaking distance will not be in
direct proportion.

b £40 c £15 per hour

d No, the graph does not go through the origin.

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5 a 158. Accept 157–159
b School A
c 2012
d i School A – increasing
ii School B – decreasing
6 a i £25 ii £32
b 1.6 GB
7 A and C
8 a i £30 000
ii £12 000
iii £2000
b Increasing

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