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Chapter 5 Cram Sheet

The League of Nations (LoN) faced significant ineffectiveness during the 1930s, particularly highlighted by the Manchurian Crisis which undermined its authority. The worsening US-Japan relations due to Japan's aggressive policies, including the invasion of China and subsequent embargoes, escalated tensions leading to Japan's expansionist ambitions in Asia. The bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 prompted the US to declare war on Japan, marking the beginning of WWII in the Pacific.

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4 views

Chapter 5 Cram Sheet

The League of Nations (LoN) faced significant ineffectiveness during the 1930s, particularly highlighted by the Manchurian Crisis which undermined its authority. The worsening US-Japan relations due to Japan's aggressive policies, including the invasion of China and subsequent embargoes, escalated tensions leading to Japan's expansionist ambitions in Asia. The bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 prompted the US to declare war on Japan, marking the beginning of WWII in the Pacific.

Uploaded by

essochcik
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5 Cram Sheet

Ineffectiveness of the LoN in the 1930s


Manchurian Crisis tarnished the LoN’s Prestige + Demonstrated that the LoN was helpless in the face of aggressor nations +
Undermined the confidence of LoN officials

Worsening of US-Japan Relations:

1937 Invasion of China worsened Japan-US relations → announced a series of financial and economic measures to halt Japan’s
foreign aggressive policy

Embargoes Placed:
● Raw materials (steel and iron) October 1940
● Oil embargo (August 1941) [CUT OFF ALMOST 90% of Japanese oil supplies]
● Trading with the Enemy Act (WWI law resurrected) → Seized Japanese Assets in the US → Make Japanese unable to
buy essential goods

Japan's Expansionist Foreign Policy

Aggression towards China:


Japanese wanted to extend their influence and control over Manchuria to protect their economy → had many resources like coal
and iron → China was politically unstable KMT vs CCP → Good opportunity to invade Manchuria → Instability is an excuse to
stabilise the region → Sep 1931: Mukden incident, Ishiwara’s forces blew up a railway track in Mukden → blamed it on China →
Used as excuse to annex Manchuria → LoN passed a resolution by 13:1 in Oct 1931 → 24 Feb 1933: Lytton Report [42:1 votes]
→ 27 March 1933: Japan resigned from the LoN

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 1940


- Aimed primarily at the people living in Japanese controlled Asian Territories → Ridding Asia of the influence of the US and
Western powers → People in Asia should unite behind Japan → campaign used to drive foreigners out of Asia → Japan
protect people of Asia and rule them fairly
Bombing of Pearl Harbour (1941)
Sep 1940: Japan signed tripartite pact → Wanted to deliver a quick knockout blow to the US → Japan can conquer territories while
US is recovering → match US power when US recovers → Bombed Pearl Harbour on Dec 7 1941 → US Pacific Carrier fleet
escaped unscathed and failed to destroy many naval installations and repair shops

THIS CAUSED US TO DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN AND TRIGGER THE OUTBREAK OF WWII IN THE PACIFIC

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