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AS_Practical Guide_MS

The document outlines various chemistry tasks involving titration, reaction calculations, and thermodynamic principles. It includes detailed calculations for moles, mass, and percentage yields, as well as considerations for experimental accuracy and uncertainty. Additionally, it discusses methods for purifying products and the importance of precise measurements in chemical experiments.

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abdel.ayyad
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3 views

AS_Practical Guide_MS

The document outlines various chemistry tasks involving titration, reaction calculations, and thermodynamic principles. It includes detailed calculations for moles, mass, and percentage yields, as well as considerations for experimental accuracy and uncertainty. Additionally, it discusses methods for purifying products and the importance of precise measurements in chemical experiments.

Uploaded by

abdel.ayyad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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chemsheets.co.uk

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 17-April-2018 Chemsheets AS 1212 Page 1


TASK 1

1 a) weigh out desired mass


3
transfer to 250 cm volumetric flask
wash it all it or reweigh sample container
add distilled / deionised water and shake to dissolve
make it up to the mark
shake / invert several times to ensure good mixing
b) as water would dilute / change the concentration of the solutions
c) as it would add to the number of moles in the flask (and so we would have more than we think we do)
d) yellow to peach (not red – you have gone too far if it goes red)
3 3
e) 14.60 cm (we read burettes to the nearest 0.05 cm and we read the bottom of the meniscus)
f) to ensure all of acid and alkali are in flask
3
g) results that are within 0.10 cm of each other
h) titres are: 25.25, 24.80, 24.60, 24.75 so titres 2 & 4 are concordant
3
24.78 cm (2 dp)
i) moles HCl = x 0.150 = 0.003717 mol

moles M2CO3 in each titration = = 0.0018585 mol


moles M2CO3 in whole 2.564 g = 10 x 0.0018585 = 0.018585 mol
Mr M2CO3 = = 138 (3 sf)
j) to ensure it was all in the flask
k) titre would have been smaller than it should be
giving Mr to be too high

2 moles NaOH in final titration = x 0.100 = 0.00248 mol


moles HCl in final titration = 0.00248 mol
moles HCl added to CaCO3 at start = x 0.200 = 0.0200 mol
moles HCl reacting with CaCO3 at start = 0.0200 – 0.00248 = 0.01752 mol
moles CaCO3 = = 0.00876 mol
mass CaCO3 = 100.1 x 0.00876 = 0.877 g
% CaCO3 = 100 x = 87.7 %

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 17-April-2018 Chemsheets AS 1212 Page 2


TASK 2

3 a) keep heating and re-weighing the reaction


until the mass stops changing
b) moles MgSO4 = = 0.0199
moles MgSO4.nH2O = 0.0199
Mr MgSO4.nH2O = = 246.8
Mr of nH2O = 246.8 – 120.4 = 126.4
x= = 7.02 = 7 (nearest integer)

TASK 3

4 a) n=

= 0.002995 mol
Mr = = 86 (2sf)
b) volume of gas formed is lower than it should be
so n would be lower than it should be
so Mr would be higher than it should be
c) volume of gas formed is lower than it should be
so n would be lower than it should be
so Mr would be higher than it should be

TASK 4

8.0 ± 0.5C

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 17-April-2018 Chemsheets AS 1212 Page 3


8.1 ± 0.3C

51 ± 4C

6 moles HCl = x 1.00 = 0.050 mol; moles NaOH = x 1.00 = 0.050 mol
q = mc∆T = 100 x 4.18 x 6.8
= 2842 J = 2.842 kJ
–1
∆H = – = –56.8 kJ mol

7 a) moles C6H14 = x 1.00 = 0.00698 mol


q = mc∆T = 100 x 4.18 x 64.9
= 27128 J = 27.128 kJ
–1
∆H = – = –3890 kJ mol
b) heat loss
incomplete combustion
evaporation of fuel

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 17-April-2018 Chemsheets AS 1212 Page 4


8 Experiment 1
moles CuSO4.5H2O = x 1.00 = 0.02508 mol
q = mc∆T = 25.0 x 4.18 x 2.6 = 251 J = 0.272 kJ
–1
∆H = + = +10.8 kJ mol

Experiment 2
moles CuSO4 = x 1.00 = 0.02494 mol
q = mc∆T = 25.0 x 4.18 x 15.2 = 1588 J = 1.588 kJ
–1
∆H = – = –63.7 kJ mol

∆H
CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l) CuSO4.5H2O(s) ∆H + 10.8 = –63.7
–1
∆H = –63.7 – 10.8 = –74.5 kJ mol
–63.7 +10.8
CuSO4(aq)

TASK 5

9 a) x 100 = 0.4%

b) x 100 = 4.0%

c) 2x x 100 = 1.4%

d) 2x x 100 = 0.83%

e) x 100 = 1.0%

f) x 100 = 0.6%

g) 2x x 100 = 1.25%

10 a) uncertainty = 2 x x 100 = 2.9%


in this experiment this is adequate as heat loss is a far more significant problem
b) uncertainty = x 100 = 4.0%
in this experiment this is not adequate as titration is a very accurate technique
use a pipette instead of the measuring cylinder

TASK 6

11 x 100 = 1.8%
experiment was accurate as experimental error is less than apparatus uncertainty

– –
12 x 100 = 4.6%
experiment was not accurate as experimental error is greater than apparatus uncertainty

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 17-April-2018 Chemsheets AS 1212 Page 5


–
13 a) x 100 = 12.1%

b) balance 2x x 100 = 0.76%

thermometer 2x x 100 = 2.13%

measuring cylinder x 100 = 4.0%

total x 100 = 6.9%


c) experiment was not accurate as experimental error is greater than apparatus uncertainty
d) experiment was not accurate as experimental error is greater than apparatus uncertainty

TASK 7
14 a) b) thermometer
water
out

water
condenser out

condenser

water
in

flask flask

water
in

c) to reduce the size of the bubbles / make smaller bubbles


d) so that the whole of the water jacket is filled to cool down the inner tube
e) to react with / neutralise any (phosphoric) acid
to remove water soluble impurities
f) drying agent to remove any remaining water
g) to purify the final product
h) from the boiling range over which the distillate is collected
the closer the range to the true boiling point the purer the product
the narrower the range over which it boils the purer the product
i) mass cyclohexanol (C6H11OH) = 2.0 x 0.96 = 1.92 g
moles cyclohexanol (C6H11OH) = = 0.0192 mol
mass cyclohexene expected (C6H10) = 0.0192 x 82.0 = 1.574 g
% yield = 100 x = 72% (2sf)

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 17-April-2018 Chemsheets AS 1212 Page 6

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