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Multiple sclerosis presentsation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease affecting the central nervous system, characterized by the immune system attacking the myelin sheath, leading to communication issues between the brain and body. There are four types of MS: clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting MS, secondary progressive MS, and primary progressive MS, each varying in symptoms and progression. Diagnosis involves multiple tests, including neurological exams, MRI scans, and lumbar punctures, while rehabilitation strategies focus on comprehensive approaches combining physical, occupational, and cognitive therapies to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

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Zainab Drwish
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11 views25 pages

Multiple sclerosis presentsation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease affecting the central nervous system, characterized by the immune system attacking the myelin sheath, leading to communication issues between the brain and body. There are four types of MS: clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting MS, secondary progressive MS, and primary progressive MS, each varying in symptoms and progression. Diagnosis involves multiple tests, including neurological exams, MRI scans, and lumbar punctures, while rehabilitation strategies focus on comprehensive approaches combining physical, occupational, and cognitive therapies to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Uploaded by

Zainab Drwish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multiple

sclerosis
content

Introduction Zainab

Signs and symptoms Shroog

Diagnostic testing Norah

Rehabilitation Ghaida & Zahra


What is multiple sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis is a disease that impacts
the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve
the immune system to attack the CNS
Resulting in damage to the protective
sheath (myelin) that covers nerve ibers
and causes communication problems
between your brain and the rest of your
body.
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How many types of
multiple sclerosis are there?
MS is unpredictable and can vary substantially from person to person.
These 4 course descriptors — clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-
remitting MS, secondary progressive MS and primary progressive MS
Clinically isolated syndrome

a irst episode of neurologic symptoms caused by


inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous
system.
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Relapsing or remitted MS

the most common disease course —


shows clearly de ined attacks of new
or increasing neurologic symptoms.
They are followed by periods of
partial or complete recovery, or
remission. In remissions, all
symptoms may disappear or some
symptoms may continue and become
permanent .
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Secondary progressive MS

follows the initial relapsing-remitting course.


Some people diagnosed with RRMS
eventually go on to have a secondary
progressive course, in which neurologic
function worsens progressively or disability
accumulates over time.
Primary progressive MS

neurologic function worsens or


disability accumulates as soon as
symptoms appear, without early
relapses or remissions.
estimated the prevalence of MS in
Saudis to be 30–40/100,000
individuals
Symptoms and signs of
multiple sclerosis (MS) :
Common signs of MS include:

● Visions problems (often the irst sign of MS) such as blurry or double vision
● Fatigue
● Trouble walking
● Problems with balance and coordination
● Muscle weakness in arms and legs
● Numbness or tingling on your face, body, arms and legs
● Feelings of stiffness and involuntary muscle spasms
● Pain, sometimes ongoing
● Dizziness or vertigo
● Bladder and bowel problems
● Sexual dysfunction
● Emotional reactions, including irritability or uncontrollable laughing or crying
● Depression
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Less common symptoms:

● Tremor
● Slurred speech or loss of volume
● Trouble swallowing
● Trouble breathing
● Seizures
● Itching
● Hearing loss
Diagnostic tests for MS
Diagnosing MS is complicated because
no single test can positively diagnose it.
Other possible causes of the symptoms
may need to be ruled out irst.
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Neurological examination
The neurologist will look for abnormalities, changes or
weakness in your vision, eye movements, hand or leg
strength, balance and co-ordination, speech and re exes.

These may show whether your nerves are damaged in a way


that might suggest MS.

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MRI scan
An MRI scan is a painless scan that uses
strong magnetic ields and radio waves
to produce detailed images of the
inside of the body.

It can show whether there's any damage or


scarring of the myelin sheath (the layer
surrounding your nerves) in your brain and
spinal cord. Finding this can help con rm a
diagnosis in most people with MS.
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Evoked potential test

Light patterns are shown to the eyes


while your brainwaves are monitored
using small, sticky patches called
electrodes placed on your head.

It's a painless test and can show


whether it takes your brain longer
than normal to receive messages.
Lumbar puncture
A lumbar puncture is a procedure to
remove a sample of your spinal uid by
inserting a needle into the lower back

The sample is then tested for immune


cells and antibodies, which is a sign that
your immune system has been ghting a
disease in your brain and spinal cord.
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Blood tests

Blood tests are usually performed to rule out


other causes of your symptoms, such as
vitamin de ciencies or a very rare, but
potentially very similar, condition called
neuromyelitis optica.
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Rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis

The aim of the study is to present a The complexity of the disease, the
strategy of rehabilitation in multiple difficulty in determining the
sclerosis on the basis of the latest appropriate treatment and a wide
range of symptoms require a
developments in the field of
comprehensive approach to the
physiotherapy. The publications on
patient, which would include both
the problem discuss a wide range of pharmacology and neurorehabilitation.
methods of physiotherapy that can which includes psychotherapy and
be used in order to reduce the symptomatic therapy, is regarded
degree of disability and alleviate the nowadays as the best form of
symptoms associated with the treatment for multiple sclerosis.
disease.
Rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis
diagnostic assessment of functional status and prognosis should be carried
out before the start of the rehabilitation process. The prognosis should take
into account the mental state, the neurological status and the awareness of
the patient. The kinesiotherapy program in multiple sclerosis is based on a
gradation of physiotherapy which assumes a gradual transition from basic
movements to more complex ones till global functions are obtained. The
most appropriate form of treatment is functional rehabilitation combined
with physical procedures. Recent reports indicate the need for aerobic
training to be included in the rehabilitation program. The introduction of
physical activities, regardless of the severity of the disease, will reduce the
negative effects of akinesia, and thus increase the functional capabilities of
all body systems.
Types of Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation

1- Physical Therapy , can help with problems


of physical functioning, such as walking and
balance problems and lack of manual
dexterity (the ability to do things with your
hands). A PT may design exercise program
include, stretching and strengthening your
muscles, prescribe balance exercises, and
teach you how to use an assistive device, such
as a cane or walker. A PT with specialized
training can help with bladder retraining.
2- Occupational Therapy (OTs) look for ways to enable persons with MS to perform the tasks
and engage in the activities that are important to them. This can include activities at home,
school, in the workplace, or elsewhere. It can also include driving or learning to use public
transportation. An OT may advise you on home modi cations to keep you safer and more
comfortable, as well as on the use of assistive devices.

3- Speech-Language Therapy If you’re having trouble speaking or swallowing, this would be


bene cial. A speech-language pathologist may prescribe oral strengthening exercises or
exercises to improve articulation, or the way sounds are produced.

4- Cognitive Rehabilitation MS can a ect your memory as well as your ability to learn new
information and remember it, retrieve the word you want to say, plan and organize tasks,
and multitask, or focus on more than one thing at a time. Cognitive rehabilitation therapy may
focus on improving these functions or nding ways to compensate for or minimize the e ects of
cognitive impairments.
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Recourses
● national multiple sclerosis society- Types of Multiple
Sclerosis
● National multiple sclerosis society- What is MS?
● multiple sclerosis
● National health services- Multiple sclerosis
● https://www.ohsu.edu/
● https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28691412/
Thank you
For listening

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