Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC)
Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC)
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TGPGECET-2025
Digital Circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean Functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL,
ECL, MOS, CMOS, Number systems.). Combinational circuits: Arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers,
decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: Latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and
hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories: ROM, SRAM and DRAM, Microprocessor (8086):
Architecture, addressing modes, programming, memory and I/O Interfacing.
Control Systems: Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block diagram
representation; Signal flow graph; Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems; Frequency response; Routh-
Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and root-locus plots; Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation; State
variable model and solution of state equation of LTI systems.
Communications: Deterministic and Random Signals, types of noise, properties of white noise, autocorrelation,
power spectral density, Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation
systems, spectra of AM and FM, TRF, Receivers, super-heterodyne receivers, pre emphasis, de-emphasis, AGC,
FM receiver. Information theory: entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem; Digital
communications: Types of sampling Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM).
Digital modulation schemes: Amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM);
Matched filter receiver, calculation of bandwidth, SNR and BER for digital modulation schemes; Fundamentals of
error correction, Hamming codes; Timing and frequency synchronization, intersymbol interference. Basics of
TDMA, FDMA and CDMA.
Electromagnetics: Maxwell's Equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary
conditions, wave equation, poynting vector; plane waves and properties, reflection and refraction, polarization,
phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth, Transmission Lines: equations,
characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation: S-parameters, Smith chart, Waveguides:
modes, boundary conditions, cut-off frequencies. Antennas: antenna types, radiation pattern, gain and directivity,
return loss, Basics of radar.
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