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Smt. Sumitra Mahajan emphasized the importance of the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in Indian culture during the Eighth Regional 3R Forum, urging municipal leaders and the private sector to engage in waste management efforts. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is promoting scientific waste processing and source segregation to enhance waste management practices. The forum aims to foster collaboration among Asia Pacific countries to integrate 3R principles into policy and development strategies.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
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Smt. Sumitra Mahajan emphasized the importance of the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in Indian culture during the Eighth Regional 3R Forum, urging municipal leaders and the private sector to engage in waste management efforts. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is promoting scientific waste processing and source segregation to enhance waste management practices. The forum aims to foster collaboration among Asia Pacific countries to integrate 3R principles into policy and development strategies.
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/ 19
Q. 13
Correct answer- A
Source: Press Information Bureau
(Government of India) Ministry of Housing
and Urban Affairs aan
Press Information Bureau
Government of India
Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs
ays en a negra Prt olan Care: Samra
Mahajan
“Tee Friecpe of R= Rede Re ed Ree
Smt.Sumitra Mahajan, Speaker, Lok Sabha said that the principles of
3R - Reduce Reuse and Recycle - have been an integral part of Indian
culture, Preserving biodiversity, sustainable living and peaceful coexistence
with nature have been the guiding philosophy of the Indian way of life and
hhave always been part of the teachings of ancient scriptures.
Addressing the inaugural ceremony of the Eighth Regional 3R Forum
here today Smt. Sumitra Mahajan reminded the participating Mayors and the
Municipal Commissioners that they have special responsibility of
‘maintaining the cleanliness of their cities to promote the concept of Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle of waste. She also appealed to the representatives of the
"private sector engaged in industries and entrepreneurs to actively participate
in the Swachh Bharat Mission and implement the principles of 3R as part of
their core businesses. She empahsised on the active participation of
people to achieve the goals of Swachhta and sustainable development.
Shri Hardeep $ Puri, Minister of State (I/C) for Housing & Urbat
Affairs, Mr. Tadahiko Ito , State Minister, Ministry of
Japan; Ms. Birgitte Bryld, Senior Economie Affairs Officer,
er Mishra,
present at the
Sh. Hardeep Puri, Mini
Affairs, reiterated the government's,
of State (VIC) for Housing & Urban
nt to moving towards 100%
ich the country has embarked upon
farendra Modi. Outlining the range of
initiatives taken to ensure compliance with Swachh Bharat Mission Rules
2016, Shri Puri informed that his Ministry is promoting scientific processing,
of waste, using the principles of 3R, and actively engaging in behaviour
change initiatives, including messaging through both traditional mass media,
and interpersonal communications. He further informed that :- + MoHUA is actively promoting the concept of source segregation, both at
household level and by bulk waste generators, 0 not only reduce the
‘otal amount of waste going into landfils, but also to ensure improved
‘quality of input waste going into waste processing plants
= MOHUA is also actively promoting « variety of decentralised
‘composting options among waste generators, including enforcing
‘mandatory compliance by bulk waste generators for on-site processing
‘of their Wet waste generated,
+ Parallely, MoLIUA is encouraging the recyele and reuse of dry waste for
higher value and earning potential
He stated thatthe Swachh Survekshan, has now given rise toa spirit
‘of healthy competition between cities in their race to become the ‘leanest”
city, While the first survey was among 73 cities, the second round of
Survekshan was held among 434 cites. Swachh Survekshan 2018 tas
covered 4203 cities, and results are awaited. MoHUA has also launched a
“star rating protocol for garbage free cities’ to motivate
arbage free status
5 t0 achieve
Mr-Tadahiko lo, Minister of state, environment ministry of Japan
said that the clean city of Indore was the most perfect city to host then 3
forum empahsised and that India and Japan share the same valves of
sustainable development and the principles of 3R.
owe
Phd at ste ge ping he eso sae
Sele hong eR ppl mate mango fe
scons or St lt Saf Maya Pash acy
pening einen wn wey
Providing details of
‘Scetetary, Ministry of Housing &
Smt Maye Singh, Minister of Urban development ,
rum; Shei Durga Shankar Mishra,
‘informed thatthe 38 Forum
hhas been designed by the ‘of Japan and United Nations Centre
{for Regional Development (UNCRD) a8 an occasion to engage Asia Pacific
Countries to collectively deliberate on issues concerning mainstreaming 3Rs
in the overall policy, planning and development processes and shaping
strategies. Shri Mishra further mentioned that over thousands of ‘years,
Indian culture and lifestyle has been shaped and influenced by our Vedas,
scriptures, and various religious texts, which are replete with references to
concepts of 3R ~ Reduce, Reuse, Reeyele that signify the traditional eco-
ethical culture of ancient India, an *
Correct answer- D
Source: ie Paper 19march
2019 Pyrolysis based biorefineries have great
potential to convert waste such as plastic and
biomass waste into energy and other valuable
products, to achieve maximum economic and
environmental benefits. In this study, the
catalytic pyrolysis of different types of plastics
wastes (PS, PE, PP, and PET) as single or mixed
in different ratios, in the presence of modified
natural zeolite (NZ) catalysts, in a small pilot
scale pyrolysis reactor was carried out. The NZ
was modified by thermal activation (TA-NZ) at
550°C and acid activation (AA-NZ) with HNO3,
to enhance its catalytic properties. The catalytic
pyrolysis of PS produced a higher liquid oil (70
and 60%) than PP (40 and 54%) and PE (40 and
42%), using TA-NZ and AA-NZ catalysts, Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of plastic
waste at different temperatures (300-900°C), in
the absence of oxygen, to produced liquid oil
(Rehan et al., 2017). Different kinds of catalysts
are used to improve the pyrolysis process of
plastic waste overall and to enhance process
efficiency. Catalysts have a very critical role in
promoting process efficiency, targeting the
specific reaction and reducing the process
temperature and time (Serrano et al., 2012; Rat-
nasari et al., 2017). A wide range of catalysts
have been employed in plastic pyrolysis
processes, but the most extensively used
catalysts are ZSM-5, zeolite, Y-zeolite, FCC, and
MCN-41 (Ratnasari et al., 2017). The catalytic
reaction during the pyrolysis of plastic waste on
solid acid catalysts may include cracking,
oligomerization, cyclization, aromatization and
isomerization reactions (Serrano et al., 2012). 7 S
Correct Answer- A Y
Source: Sk Garg e-2
Page- meRNy (OF MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL SOLD wastes
15
3 ve 8y % ¥
Hay
i
i
I
it
¢
i
&
:
fa therefore, widely adopted by muniipel ether
[ida The refuse and night sll in this metho, ar, tere, pr on
liyers in an underground earthen trench (about im 18m 13a) he
is covered at its top by layer of earth of about 15,
ietover for decomposition. ane
Within 2 to 3 days of burial, intensive biological action starts taking place, c
sod organic matter begins to be destroyed. Considerable heat gets evelved in
the process, which raises the temperature of the decomposiog mass to about
1S. This heat prevents the breading of fies by destroying the larvae. Aer
shout 4 to 5 months (depending upon the seasoa), the refuse gets fully
stabilised and changes into a brown coloured odourlessinnocue
mest, called humus, This humus is removed from the trenches, sieved 00
Lf te is the
{Seuteg SFE. Ce. CIN ratio ia lower thaa Ue optimum, the
tote zmentation ate, lnving nitrogen inthe ee
eathang 7 tmmonin (NH). Ths ean kil inhibit the ONT gy,
ebony ances. The anaerobic digestion will henes,
30.50, ccd a NN Iaeeeeeaae Si —
finally produces a compost free from pathogens and contains 1% N, 1,
P,O,),and 1.5% K (as K,0) on dry basis, thus proving to bea val bgt Pl
Hos a Ke Cpreducing blogas ax & by-product table tg
Fully Mechanised Composting Piants involve mechanised
segregation, and pulverization of the refuse, before its digestion in qr
scargstion, to igntos for dgention of puverised walle ar, rw
ise artopostion, and are hence being wsed only in advanced devi
coat dee of Weatern Europe, USA, Japan, Israel, etc., Rotterdam, in lope
(Netherland)*, for example, is having ® major composting va
Complement its waste managoment programme. Although, the same Cy
complement wats So aurd word counties Uke Today but a ge
teveloping countries, the digestion is usually not done in the cortly cg
digestors, but is carried out in open windrows by turning the compost masyy
mechanical devices.
‘The procedures adopted for composting in mechanised plants are briey
discussed below :
‘ay Receipt of Refuse. The refuse is received at the plant @ 2 to tonne pe
ea ein age capacity at the plant should be about 25 to 50% ote
hile Sal of reuse at the plant, pending segregation and grinding
(6) Segregation Dry refuse is allowed to move along 1 bei
conmyore whereby the ferrous (iron) matter is removed by mapuie
separators ; and o materials, such as pap,
rotary and shaker screens.
(© Grinding or Pulverizing of refuse. The remaining refuse is tw
pulverised by Using diferent equipments, ike hammer mill,rasping meckss
dano grinder, etc.
commen (Pe tcoeansapecn, though cosy, and hence larga SPOS
‘Joveloped countries, Digestion period in such digestors normally
4 to daye for refuse containing lw clllose or lw © ratio; and7 #00?
c
for refuse having more quantities of cellulose and higher 3g "=*-
Fig. 14.6 shows such A closed digestor plant, where the refuse ates
is praeseed in four stages ; vi. (i) is taken to a grinder; (i) BO “ousit
a eveyor il for segregation ; and (iv) finally ta a closed digest “see
rotating mechanism for rhoror gh mixing ofthe refuse for its ere
under controlled conditions of temperature and moisture.
yy S
Q. 55 S
Correct answer- B VY
Source: Sk Garg e-2
Page- 346
S 8 ‘SEWAGE DISPOSAL ANO AIA POLLUTION ENGINEER
the common winds should be such that the smells are not carried towards. ‘any
ae is ig. 9.36. It is a shallow
for a lagoon is shown in Fig. 9.35. low pit, 0.6 te
sen rely nm be rnd Ate ttt is
ie $ ‘or clinkeris placed. Agri rut 10 em
oe cesinid at coe under-drains. These are placed at about 3 m
a ‘to centre spacings. Banks are formed on both sides of the pit from the
‘excavated earth, as shown.
1S.m thick layer of
Ashes or Clinker
Ashes 43m
Under drains @3me/e
(100mm 4)
ig. 9.35. Typical section ofa Lagoon fr isposal of raw sludge.
After the sludge has been stabilised, and the moisture has been
away or evaporated during its detention in the lagoon, the contents
‘vutto about half oftheir original volume, and used as man
This method of sludge disposal is quite cheap (as no di
required), but the greatest drawback is the evolution and eruption of foul
‘gases, polluting the environment. Its use is, therefore, mnly to now
1
resid
raw sewnge or more generall
primary sedimentation tank,
is mixed with 20 to 30 per cent volume of activated sludge, which
contains large concentration of highly active aerbie mierorgnnisis. TH
mixture enters an aeration tank, whero the micro-organisms (coated nf0u
the sludge solids) and the wage, are intimately mixed together, with a large
‘quantity of air for about 4 to 8 hours. Under these conditions, the moving”
organisms will oxidise the organic matter, and the suspended and colloidal
matter tend to coagulate and form a precipitate, which settles down readily i
secondary settling tank. The settled sludge (containing micro organist)
‘*The organisms coated around the sludge solids are kept mavine be actavinhaixing.
rmally utilised in this process: Q.84
Correct Answer-B
Source: CPCB website cpce's acTIVITIES Ra Psy
Updated On : 20 Oct 2
f
aste Management Rules are notified to ensure safe handling , generation, processing, treat’
portation, use reprocessing, collection, conversion, and offering for sale, destruction and di" Ja
aste. These Rules came into effect in the year 1989 and have been amended later in the yeas
Notification of the Hazardous Waste ( Management, Handling and Transboundary Movere{(@}}u
of former notification. The Rules lay down corresponding duties of various authorities such gems tc
s., SPCBS/PCCs, DGFT, Port Authority and Custom Authority while State Pollution Control Bc(ligy)/
sittees have been designated with wider responsibilities touching across almost every aspe: a" H
ttion, handing and their disposal. g
1d other Wastes (Management & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 =
vents Rules, 06.07.2016
dments Rules, 28.02.2017
ments Rules, 11.06.2018
‘dments Rules, 01.03.2019
rdments Rules, 12.11.2021,
ents Rules, 21.07.2022
aste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008
vents Rules, 27.07.2009
rdments Rules, 23.09.2009
‘ments Rules, 30.03.2010
