1. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?

a) Force
b) Velocity
c) Work
d) Acceleration
2. The SI unit of work is:
a) Newton
b) Joule
c) Watt
d) Erg
3. Work is said to be done when:
a) A force is applied
b) There is displacement
c) A force causes displacement
d) An object moves
4. If the angle between force and displacement is 90°, the work done is:
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) Negative
5. The formula for work done when force and displacement are in the same direction
is:
a) W = F + s
b) W = F × s
c) W = F − s
d) W = F / s

6. Which of the following is not a form of mechanical energy?

a) Kinetic energy
b) Potential energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Both a and b

7. Potential energy is given by the formula:

a) PE = mgh
b) PE = ½ mv²
c) PE = F × s
d) PE = mg/v

8. Kinetic energy depends on:

a) Mass and height
b) Mass and velocity
c) Force and displacement
d) Mass and acceleration

9. The unit of power is:

a) Joule
 b) Watt
c) Newton
d) Erg

10. 1 kilowatt equals:

a) 100 W
b) 1000 W
c) 10 W
d) 0.1 W

11. The commercial unit of energy is:

a) Joule
b) Watt
c) Kilowatt-hour
d) Newton-meter

12. Work done is positive when:

a) Force and displacement are in opposite directions
b) Force and displacement are perpendicular
c) Force and displacement are in the same direction
d) No displacement occurs

13. When an object is lifted, the work done is stored as:

a) Kinetic energy
b) Potential energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Chemical energy

14. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called:

a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Chemical energy
d) Thermal energy

15. Which of the following has the highest kinetic energy?

a) A stationary car
b) A moving bicycle
c) A flying bird
d) A parked bus
16. A force of 10 N moves an object by 2 m. Work done is:
a) 5 J
b) 20 J
c) 0 J
d) 12 J
17. An object of mass 2 kg is raised to a height of 5 m. Potential energy gained is:
a) 10 J
b) 100 J
c) 50 J
d) 20 J

18. Kinetic energy of a 3 kg object moving at 4 m/s is:

a) 24 J
b) 12 J
c) 48 J
d) 36 J

19. Power is defined as:

a) Work × time
b) Work / time
c) Force × displacement
d) Energy × time

20. A 60 W bulb is used for 5 hours. Energy consumed is:

a) 0.3 kWh
b) 300 kWh
c) 3 kWh
d) 30 kWh

21. Work done in lifting a 10 kg object to a height of 2 m is:

a) 200 J
b) 20 J
c) 100 J
d) 196 J

22. A car of mass 1000 kg moving at 10 m/s has kinetic energy:

a) 10,000 J
b) 50,000 J
c) 5,000 J
d) 100,000 J

23. If power is 100 W and time is 10 s, work done is:

a) 1000 J
b) 10 J
c) 100 J
d) 10000 J

24. A machine does 500 J of work in 10 s. Its power is:

a) 50 W
b) 5 W
c) 5000 W
 d) 0.5 W

25. Energy consumed by a 100 W appliance used for 2 hours is:

a) 0.2 kWh
b) 2 kWh
c) 0.5 kWh
d) 1 kWh

26. An object of mass 5 kg falls from a height of 10 m. Its potential energy is:
a) 500 J
b) 50 J
c) 100 J
d) 1000 J

27. If velocity of an object doubles, its kinetic energy becomes:

a) Double
b) Triple
c) Four times
d) Half

28. Work done is zero when:

a) Force is applied
b) Displacement is zero
c) Both force and displacement are present
d) Force and displacement are in same direction

29. A 2 kg object is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s. Its kinetic energy is:
a) 9 J
b) 18 J
c) 27 J
d) 36 J

30. A man lifts a 15 kg box to a height of 2 m. Work done is:

a) 300 J
b) 150 J
c) 30 J
d) 3 J
31. Which of the following is not a unit of energy?
a) Joule
b) Calorie
c) Kilowatt-hour
d) Watt

32. When a body falls freely, its potential energy:

a) Increases
b) Decreases
 c) Remains constant
d) Becomes zero

33. The energy possessed by a stretched rubber band is:

a) Kinetic energy
b) Potential energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Chemical energy

34. Which of the following appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy?
a) Electric bulb
b) Electric fan
c) Heater
d) Radio

35. The rate of doing work is called:

a) Energy
b) Power
c) Force
d) Momentum

36. Which of the following has the highest potential energy?

a) A ball on the ground
b) A ball at the top of a hill
c) A moving car
d) A flying bird

37. When work is done on an object, energy is:

a) Destroyed
b) Created
c) Transferred
d) Lost

38. Which of the following is not a form of energy?

a) Sound
b) Light
c) Friction
d) Chemical

39. The energy stored in food is:

a) Mechanical energy
b) Chemical energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Nuclear energy
40. Which of the following is an example of negative work?
a) Lifting an object
b) Pushing a box forward
c) Friction acting on a moving object
d) Pulling a cart

41. A machine does 2000 J of work in 25 seconds. What is its power?

a) 80 W
b) 100 W
c) 40 W
d) 50 W

42. If no displacement occurs, the work done is:

a) Negative
b) Positive
c) Infinite
d) Zero

43. A 50 kg object is lifted 2 m upward. (g = 10 m/s²). What is the work done?

a) 100 J
b) 500 J
c) 1000 J
d) 2000 J

44. Which of the following situations shows maximum work done?

a) Force = 10 N, Displacement = 5 m, angle = 0°
b) Force = 10 N, Displacement = 5 m, angle = 90°
c) Force = 10 N, Displacement = 5 m, angle = 180°
d) Force = 10 N, Displacement = 5 m, angle = 60°

45. Kinetic energy of a 4 kg object moving at 5 m/s is:

a) 50 J
b) 40 J
c) 100 J
d) 25 J

46. A person climbs a 10 m high tower with a bag of mass 5 kg. Work done = ? (g = 9.8
m/s²)
a) 50 J
b) 490 J
c) 980 J
d) 100 J

47. Which of the following shows a case of zero work done?

a) Lifting a box
b) Holding a bag stationary
c) Sliding a box on floor
 d) Running with a backpack

48. An electric motor uses 1.5 kW of power. How much work does it do in 10 seconds?
a) 150 J
b) 15 J
c) 1500 J
d) 15000 J

49. Energy stored in a stretched spring is:

a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Chemical energy
d) Thermal energy

50. Which of the following is a correct match?

a) Work - kg
b) Power - m/s
c) Energy - Joule
d) Force – Watt

Fill in the Blanks with Answers:

Section A: Fundamental Concepts (Q1–Q15)

1. Work is said to be done when a ______ causes displacement.

2. The SI unit of work is ______.

3. If displacement is zero, the work done is ______.

4. Work is a ______ quantity.

5. The formula for work when force and displacement are in the same direction is W =
______.

6. When the angle between force and displacement is 90°, the work done is ______.

7. Positive work is done when force and displacement are in the ______ direction.

8. Negative work is done when force and displacement are in ______ directions.

9. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called ______ energy.

10. The energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration is called ______
energy.
 11. The SI unit of energy is ______.

12. Kinetic energy is given by the formula KE = ______.

13. Potential energy is given by the formula PE = ______.

14. The rate of doing work is called ______.

15. The SI unit of power is ______.

🔹 Section B: Numerical Applications (Q16–Q30)

16. 1 kilowatt equals ______ watts.

17. 1 kilowatt-hour equals ______ joules.

18. A force of 10 N moves an object by 2 m. Work done is ______ J.

19. An object of mass 2 kg is raised to a height of 5 m. Potential energy gained is ______

J.

20. Kinetic energy of a 3 kg object moving at 4 m/s is ______ J.

21. Power is calculated using the formula P = ______.

22. A 60 W bulb is used for 5 hours. Energy consumed is ______ kWh.

23. Work done in lifting a 10 kg object to a height of 2 m is ______ J.

24. A car of mass 1000 kg moving at 10 m/s has kinetic energy ______ J.

25. If power is 100 W and time is 10 s, work done is ______ J.

26. A machine does 500 J of work in 10 s. Its power is ______ W.

27. Energy consumed by a 100 W appliance used for 2 hours is ______ kWh.

28. An object of mass 5 kg falls from a height of 10 m. Its potential energy is ______ J.

29. If velocity of an object doubles, its kinetic energy becomes ______ times.

30. A man lifts a 15 kg box to a height of 2 m. Work done is ______ J.

🔹 Section C: Conceptual Reasoning (Q31–Q40)

 31. Work and energy have the same unit, which is ______.

32. When a body falls freely, its potential energy ______.

33. The energy stored in a stretched rubber band is ______ energy.

34. An electric fan converts electrical energy into ______ energy.

35. The rate of doing work is called ______.

36. A ball at the top of a hill has maximum ______ energy.

37. When work is done on an object, energy is ______.

38. Friction converts mechanical energy into ______ energy.

39. The energy stored in food is ______ energy.

40. Friction acting on a moving object does ______ work.

🔹 Section D: Mixed Conceptual and Numerical (Q41–Q50)

41. A machine does 2000 J of work in 25 seconds. Its power is ______ W.

42. If no displacement occurs, the work done is ______.

43. A 50 kg object is lifted 2 m upward. (g = 10 m/s²). Work done is ______ J.

44. Maximum work is done when the angle between force and displacement is ______
degrees.

45. Kinetic energy of a 4 kg object moving at 5 m/s is ______ J.

46. A person climbs a 10 m high tower with a bag of mass 5 kg. Work done is ______ J.

47. Holding a bag stationary involves ______ work.

48. An electric motor uses 1.5 kW of power. Work done in 10 seconds is ______ J.

49. Energy stored in a stretched spring is ______ energy.

50. Energy is the capacity to do ______.

🔹 Fill in the Blanks:

1. The SI unit of work is __________.
2. Work is said to be done when a __________ causes displacement.
3. If there is no displacement, the work done is __________.
4. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called __________ energy.
5. The energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration is called __________
energy.
6. The SI unit of energy is __________.
7. Power is defined as the rate of doing __________.
8. The SI unit of power is __________.
9. One kilowatt equals __________ watts.
10. The commercial unit of energy is __________.
11. One kilowatt-hour equals __________ joules.
12. Work done is positive when force and displacement are in the __________ direction.
13. Work done is negative when force and displacement are in __________ directions.
14. Work done is zero when force and displacement are __________ to each other.
15. The formula for work when force and displacement are in the same direction is W =
__________.
16. The formula for kinetic energy is KE = __________.
17. The formula for potential energy is PE = __________.
18. The gravitational potential energy near the Earth's surface is given by __________.
19. The rate at which work is done is called __________.
20. The unit of power in the CGS system is __________.
21. One horsepower is equal to __________ watts.
22. The energy stored in a stretched or compressed spring is called __________ energy.
23. The energy stored in food is __________ energy.
24. The energy possessed by flowing water is __________ energy.
25. The energy possessed by a body due to its position above the ground is __________
energy.
26. The energy possessed by a moving object is __________ energy.
27. The energy stored in a dry cell is __________ energy.
28. The energy possessed by a body due to its shape or configuration is __________ energy.
29. The energy possessed by a body due to its mass and velocity is __________ energy.
30. The work done in lifting an object is stored as __________ energy.
31. The energy possessed by a body due to its temperature is __________ energy.
32. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion and position is called __________
energy.
33. The energy possessed by a body due to its chemical composition is __________ energy.
34. The energy possessed by a body due to its atomic structure is __________ energy.
35. The energy possessed by a body due to its electric charge is __________ energy.
36. The energy possessed by a body due to its magnetic properties is __________ energy.
37. The energy possessed by a body due to its sound vibrations is __________ energy.
38. The energy possessed by a body due to its light emission is __________ energy.
39. The energy possessed by a body due to its elastic properties is __________ energy.
40. The energy possessed by a body due to its nuclear reactions is __________ energy.
41. The energy possessed by a body due to its gravitational attraction is __________ energy.
42. The energy possessed by a body due to its mechanical work is __________ energy.
 43. The energy possessed by a body due to its thermal state is __________ energy.
44. The energy possessed by a body due to its rotational motion is __________ energy.
45. The energy possessed by a body due to its translational motion is __________ energy.
46. The energy possessed by a body due to its vibrational motion is __________ energy.
47. The energy possessed by a body due to its potential to do work is __________ energy.
48. The energy possessed by a body due to its capacity to cause change is __________
energy.
49. The energy possessed by a body due to its ability to perform work is __________ energy.
50. The energy possessed by a body due to its capability to exert force over a distance is
__________ energy.

Numerical Problems – Work and Energy (Class 9)

Work:

1. A person applies a force of 10 N to push a box. The box moves 5 meters in the direction
of the force. Calculate the work done.
2. A coolie lifts a suitcase of mass 20 kg to a height of 2 m. (g = 9.8 m/s²). Find the work
done.
3. A force of 50 N is applied on a trolley. It moves 10 m. Calculate the work done.
4. A boy pulls a toy car with a force of 5 N through a distance of 3 m. Find the work done
by the boy.
5. If 500 J of work is done in moving an object 10 m, what is the magnitude of the force
applied?

Power:

6. A machine does 1500 J of work in 15 seconds. Calculate its power.

7. A bulb consumes 2400 J of energy in 20 seconds. Find the power consumed by the bulb.
8. A person performs 900 J of work in 30 seconds. What is his power output?
9. A motor pump consumes 2 kW power and operates for 30 minutes. Calculate the energy
consumed in kilowatt-hours.
10. A boy takes 20 seconds to lift a 10 kg object to a height of 2 m. Calculate his power. (g =
9.8 m/s²)

Energy:

11. Calculate the kinetic energy of a body of mass 5 kg moving with a velocity of 4 m/s.
12. Find the kinetic energy of a 2 kg ball moving at 10 m/s.
13. A 10 kg object is raised to a height of 5 m. Calculate its potential energy. (g = 9.8 m/s²)
14. Calculate the potential energy of a stone of mass 0.5 kg raised to a height of 2 m.
15. What is the velocity of a 2 kg object having 100 J of kinetic energy?
Combined Concepts:

16. An electric motor raises a load of 100 kg to a height of 10 m in 25 seconds. Calculate the
work done and the power. (g = 9.8 m/s²)
17. A car of mass 1000 kg is moving at a speed of 20 m/s. Find its kinetic energy.
18. A student lifts a 15 kg school bag to a height of 1.5 m. Calculate the work done against
gravity.
19. An object of mass 2 kg is dropped from a height of 10 m. What will be its kinetic energy
just before hitting the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s²)
20. A 60 W electric bulb is used for 6 hours per day. Calculate the energy consumed in one
day in kilowatt-hours.

1. Answer: c) Work
2. Answer: b) Joule
3. Answer: c) A force causes displacement
4. Answer: c) Zero
5. Answer: b) W = F × s
6. Answer: c) Thermal energy
7. Answer: a) PE = mgh
8. Answer: b) Mass and velocity
9. Answer: b) Watt
10. Answer: b) 1000 W
11. Answer: c) Kilowatt-hour
12. Answer: c) Force and displacement are in the same direction
13. Answer: b) Potential energy
14. Answer: b) Kinetic energy
15. Answer: c) A flying bird
16. Answer: b) 20 J
17. Answer: b) 100 J

18. Answer: a) 24 J
19. Answer: b) Work / time
20. Answer: a) 0.3 kWh
21. Answer: d) 196 J
22. Answer: b) 50,000 J
23. Answer: a) 1000 J
24. Answer: a) 50 W
25. Answer: c) 0.2 kWh
26. Answer: a) 500 J
27. Answer: c) Four times
28. Answer: b) Displacement is zero
29. Answer: b) 9 J
30. Answer: a) 300 J

31. Answer: d) Watt

32. Answer: b) Decreases
33. Answer: b) Potential energy
34. Answer: b) Electric fan
35. Answer: b) Power
36. Answer: b) A ball at the top of a hill
37. Answer: c) Transferred
38. Answer: c) Friction
39. Answer: b) Chemical energy
40. Answer: c) Friction acting on a moving object
41. Answer: a) 80 W
42. Answer: d) Zero
43. Answer: d) 1000 J
44. Answer: a) Force and displacement in same direction (0°), so maximum work
45. Answer: a) 50 J
(KE = ½ mv² = ½ × 4 × 25 = 50 J)
46. Answer: b) 490 J
(W = mgh = 5 × 9.8 × 10)
47. Answer: b) Holding a bag stationary (no displacement)
48. Answer: d) 15000 J
(Work = Power × Time = 1500 W × 10 s)
49. Answer: a) Potential energy
50. Answer: c) Energy - Joule
Section A: Fundamental Concepts (Q1–Q15)

1. Answer: force
2. Answer: joule
3. Answer: zero
4. Answer: scalar
5. Answer: F × s
6. Answer: zero
7. Answer: same
8. Answer: opposite
9. Answer: kinetic
10. Answer: potential
11. Answer: joule
12. Answer: ½ mv²
13. Answer: mgh
14. Answer: power
15. Answer: watt

🔹 Section B: Numerical Applications (Q16–Q30)

16. Answer: 1000

17. Answer: 3.6 × 10⁶
18. Answer: 20
19. Answer: 100
20. Answer: 24
21. Answer: W / t
22. Answer: 0.3
23. Answer: 196
24. Answer: 50,000
25. Answer: 1000
26. Answer: 50
27. Answer: 0.2
28. Answer: 500
29. Answer: four
30. Answer: 300

🔹 Section C: Conceptual Reasoning (Q31–Q40)

31. Answer: joule

32. Answer: decreases
33. Answer: potential
34. Answer: mechanical
35. Answer: power
36. Answer: potential
37. Answer: transferred
38. Answer: heat
 39. Answer: chemical
40. Answer: negative

🔹 Section D: Mixed Conceptual and Numerical (Q41–Q50)

41. Answer: 80
42. Answer: zero
43. Answer: 1000
44. Answer: 0
45. Answer: 50
46. Answer: 490
47. Answer: zero
48. Answer: 15,000
49. Answer: potential
50. Answer: work

Fill in the Blanks with Answers:

1. The SI unit of work is joule.

2. Work is said to be done when a force causes displacement.
3. If there is no displacement, the work done is zero.
4. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called kinetic energy.
5. The energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration is called potential
energy.
6. The SI unit of energy is joule.
7. Power is defined as the rate of doing work.
8. The SI unit of power is watt.
9. One kilowatt equals 1000 watts.
10. The commercial unit of energy is kilowatt-hour.
11. One kilowatt-hour equals 3.6 × 10⁶ joules.
12. Work done is positive when force and displacement are in the same direction.
13. Work done is negative when force and displacement are in opposite directions.
14. Work done is zero when force and displacement are perpendicular to each other.
15. The formula for work when force and displacement are in the same direction is W = F ×
d.
16. The formula for kinetic energy is KE = ½ mv².
17. The formula for potential energy is PE = mgh.
18. The gravitational potential energy near the Earth's surface is given by mgh.
19. The rate at which work is done is called power.
20. The unit of power in the CGS system is erg per second.
21. One horsepower is equal to 746 watts.
22. The energy stored in a stretched or compressed spring is called elastic potential energy.
23. The energy stored in food is chemical energy.
24. The energy possessed by flowing water is kinetic energy.
25. The energy possessed by a body due to its position above the ground is gravitational
potential energy.
 26. The energy possessed by a moving object is kinetic energy.
27. The energy stored in a dry cell is chemical energy.
28. The energy possessed by a body due to its shape or configuration is potential energy.
29. The energy possessed by a body due to its mass and velocity is kinetic energy.
30. The work done in lifting an object is stored as potential energy.
31. The energy possessed by a body due to its temperature is thermal energy.
32. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion and position is called mechanical
energy.
33. The energy possessed by a body due to its chemical composition is chemical energy.
34. The energy possessed by a body due to its atomic structure is nuclear energy.
35. The energy possessed by a body due to its electric charge is electrical energy.
36. The energy possessed by a body due to its magnetic properties is magnetic energy.
37. The energy possessed by a body due to its sound vibrations is sound energy.
38. The energy possessed by a body due to its light emission is light energy.
39. The energy possessed by a body due to its elastic properties is elastic potential energy.
40. The energy possessed by a body due to its nuclear reactions is nuclear energy.
41. The energy possessed by a body due to its gravitational attraction is gravitational
potential energy.
42. The energy possessed by a body due to its mechanical work is mechanical energy.
43. The energy possessed by a body due to its thermal state is heat energy.
44. The energy possessed by a body due to its rotational motion is rotational kinetic energy.
45. The energy possessed by a body due to its translational motion is translational kinetic
energy.
46. The energy possessed by a body due to its vibrational motion is vibrational energy.
47. The energy possessed by a body due to its potential to do work is potential energy.
48. The energy possessed by a body due to its capacity to cause change is energy.
49. The energy possessed by a body due to its ability to perform work is energy.
50. The energy possessed by a body due to its capability to exert force over a distance is
work.

1. Work done by applying force

 Given: Force F=10 NF = 10\,NF=10N, displacement d=5 md = 5\,md=5m

 Formula: W=F×dW = F \times dW=F×d
 Calculation: W=10×5=50 JW = 10 \times 5 = 50\,JW=10×5=50J
 Answer: 50 Joules

2. Work done in lifting a suitcase

 Given: mass m=20 kgm = 20\,kgm=20kg, height h=2 mh = 2\,mh=2m, g=9.8 m/s2g =
9.8\,m/s^2g=9.8m/s2
 Work done = potential energy gained W=mghW = mghW=mgh
  Calculation: W=20×9.8×2=392 JW = 20 \times 9.8 \times 2 = 392\,JW=20×9.8×2=392J
 Answer: 392 Joules

3. Work done by force on trolley

 Given: F=50 NF = 50\,NF=50N, d=10 md = 10\,md=10m

 W=F×d=50×10=500 JW = F \times d = 50 \times 10 = 500\,JW=F×d=50×10=500J
 Answer: 500 Joules

4. Work done by boy pulling toy car

 Given: F=5 NF = 5\,NF=5N, d=3 md = 3\,md=3m

 W=5×3=15 JW = 5 \times 3 = 15\,JW=5×3=15J
 Answer: 15 Joules

5. Force applied when work and displacement are known

 Given: W=500 JW = 500\,JW=500J, d=10 md = 10\,md=10m

 Formula: F=Wd=50010=50 NF = \frac{W}{d} = \frac{500}{10} = 50\,NF=dW=10500
=50N
 Answer: 50 Newtons

6. Power of a machine

 Given: Work done W=1500 JW = 1500\,JW=1500J, time t=15 st = 15\,st=15s

 Power P=Wt=150015=100 WP = \frac{W}{t} = \frac{1500}{15} = 100\,WP=tW
=151500=100W
 Answer: 100 Watts

7. Power consumed by a bulb

 Given: Energy E=2400 JE = 2400\,JE=2400J, time t=20 st = 20\,st=20s

 Power P=Et=240020=120 WP = \frac{E}{t} = \frac{2400}{20} = 120\,WP=tE=202400
=120W
 Answer: 120 Watts
8. Power output of a person

 Given: Work W=900 JW = 900\,JW=900J, time t=30 st = 30\,st=30s

 P=90030=30 WP = \frac{900}{30} = 30\,WP=30900=30W
 Answer: 30 Watts

9. Energy consumed by motor pump

 Given: Power P=2 kWP = 2\,kWP=2kW, time t=30 min=0.5 ht = 30\,min =

0.5\,ht=30min=0.5h
 Energy E=P×t=2×0.5=1 kWhE = P \times t = 2 \times 0.5 = 1\,kWhE=P×t=2×0.5=1kWh
 Answer: 1 kilowatt-hour

10. Power of boy lifting object

 Given: Mass m=10 kgm = 10\,kgm=10kg, height h=2 mh = 2\,mh=2m, time t=20 st =
20\,st=20s, g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8\,m/s^2g=9.8m/s2
 Work done W=mgh=10×9.8×2=196 JW = mgh = 10 \times 9.8 \times 2 =
196\,JW=mgh=10×9.8×2=196J
 Power P=Wt=19620=9.8 WP = \frac{W}{t} = \frac{196}{20} = 9.8\,WP=tW=20196
=9.8W
 Answer: 9.8 Watts

11. Kinetic energy of body

 Given: mass m=5 kgm = 5\,kgm=5kg, velocity v=4 m/sv = 4\,m/sv=4m/s

 KE=12mv2=0.5×5×42=0.5×5×16=40 JKE = \frac{1}{2} m v^2 = 0.5 \times 5 \times 4^2
= 0.5 \times 5 \times 16 = 40\,JKE=21mv2=0.5×5×42=0.5×5×16=40J
 Answer: 40 Joules

12. Kinetic energy of ball

 Given: m=2 kgm = 2\,kgm=2kg, v=10 m/sv = 10\,m/sv=10m/s

 KE=0.5×2×102=1×100=100 JKE = 0.5 \times 2 \times 10^2 = 1 \times 100 =
100\,JKE=0.5×2×102=1×100=100J
 Answer: 100 Joules
13. Potential energy of object raised

 Given: m=10 kgm = 10\,kgm=10kg, h=5 mh = 5\,mh=5m, g=9.8 m/s2g =

9.8\,m/s^2g=9.8m/s2
 PE=mgh=10×9.8×5=490 JPE = mgh = 10 \times 9.8 \times 5 =
490\,JPE=mgh=10×9.8×5=490J
 Answer: 490 Joules

14. Potential energy of stone

 Given: m=0.5 kgm = 0.5\,kgm=0.5kg, h=2 mh = 2\,mh=2m, g=9.8 m/s2g =

9.8\,m/s^2g=9.8m/s2
 PE=0.5×9.8×2=9.8 JPE = 0.5 \times 9.8 \times 2 = 9.8\,JPE=0.5×9.8×2=9.8J
 Answer: 9.8 Joules

15. Velocity from kinetic energy

 Given: KE=100 JKE = 100\,JKE=100J, m=2 kgm = 2\,kgm=2kg

 Use KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2} m v^2KE=21mv2
 Rearrange: v2=2×KEm=2×1002=100v^2 = \frac{2 \times KE}{m} = \frac{2 \times 100}
{2} = 100v2=m2×KE=22×100=100
 v=100=10 m/sv = \sqrt{100} = 10\,m/sv=100=10m/s
 Answer: 10 meters per second

16. Work done and power of electric motor

 Given: m=100 kgm = 100\,kgm=100kg, h=10 mh = 10\,mh=10m, t=25 st = 25\,st=25s,

g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8\,m/s^2g=9.8m/s2
 Work W=mgh=100×9.8×10=9800 JW = mgh = 100 \times 9.8 \times 10 =
9800\,JW=mgh=100×9.8×10=9800J
 Power P=Wt=980025=392 WP = \frac{W}{t} = \frac{9800}{25} = 392\,WP=tW
=259800=392W
 Answer: Work = 9800 J, Power = 392 W

17. Kinetic energy of car

 Given: m=1000 kgm = 1000\,kgm=1000kg, v=20 m/sv = 20\,m/sv=20m/s

 KE=0.5×1000×202=0.5×1000×400=200000 JKE = 0.5 \times 1000 \times 20^2 = 0.5 \
times 1000 \times 400 = 200000\,JKE=0.5×1000×202=0.5×1000×400=200000J
 Answer: 200,000 Joules
18. Work done lifting school bag

 Given: m=15 kgm = 15\,kgm=15kg, h=1.5 mh = 1.5\,mh=1.5m, g=9.8 m/s2g =

9.8\,m/s^2g=9.8m/s2
 W=mgh=15×9.8×1.5=220.5 JW = mgh = 15 \times 9.8 \times 1.5 =
220.5\,JW=mgh=15×9.8×1.5=220.5J
 Answer: 220.5 Joules

19. Kinetic energy just before hitting ground

 Given: m=2 kgm = 2\,kgm=2kg, h=10 mh = 10\,mh=10m, g=9.8 m/s2g =

9.8\,m/s^2g=9.8m/s2
 KE=mgh=2×9.8×10=196 JKE = mgh = 2 \times 9.8 \times 10 =
196\,JKE=mgh=2×9.8×10=196J
 Answer: 196 Joules

20. Energy consumed by electric bulb

 Given: Power P=60 W=0.06 kWP = 60\,W = 0.06\,kWP=60W=0.06kW, time t=6 ht =

6\,ht=6h
 Energy E=P×t=0.06×6=0.36 kWhE = P \times t = 0.06 \times 6 =
0.36\,kWhE=P×t=0.06×6=0.36kWh
 Answer: 0.36 kilowatt-hour

🔹 Numerical Problems – Laws of Motion (Class 9)

1. A force of 10 N is applied on a body of mass 5 kg. Calculate the acceleration produced.

2. A body of mass 20 kg is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. Calculate its momentum.
3. A car of mass 1200 kg accelerates from rest to 20 m/s in 10 seconds. Find the force
applied.
4. A 50 kg object is moving with a velocity of 4 m/s. Calculate its momentum.
5. A body of mass 10 kg is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s. Calculate its momentum.
6. A force of 30 N acts on a body of mass 6 kg. Calculate its acceleration.
7. A car slows down from 25 m/s to 5 m/s in 8 seconds. Calculate its acceleration.
8. A body of mass 2 kg is accelerated at 5 m/s². Calculate the force acting on it.
9. A man pushes a box with a force of 100 N and it accelerates at 2 m/s². Calculate the mass
of the box.
10. A force of 50 N produces an acceleration of 4 m/s² on a body. Find its mass.
11. Calculate the momentum of a 1500 kg truck moving at 30 m/s.
12. A body of mass 12 kg is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s. Find its momentum.
13. A force of 60 N acts on a body of mass 15 kg. Calculate the acceleration.
 14. A 2000 kg truck accelerates from rest to 18 m/s in 12 seconds. Calculate the force
applied.
15. A car of mass 800 kg moves with a velocity of 15 m/s. Calculate its momentum.
16. A body of mass 5 kg moving at 12 m/s collides and stops. Calculate the change in
momentum.
17. A force of 40 N is applied to a body causing an acceleration of 8 m/s². Find its mass.
18. A car of mass 1000 kg moving at 36 km/h comes to rest in 10 seconds. Calculate the
force applied.
19. A body of mass 4 kg is accelerated from rest to 20 m/s in 4 seconds. Find the force
applied.
20. Calculate the acceleration of a 10 kg body if a force of 25 N is applied.

🔹 Step-by-step Solutions – Laws of Motion

1. Find acceleration when force and mass are given

 Given: F=10 NF = 10\,NF=10N, m=5 kgm = 5\,kgm=5kg

 Formula: a=Fma = \frac{F}{m}a=mF
 Calculation: a=105=2 m/s2a = \frac{10}{5} = 2\,m/s^2a=510=2m/s2
 Answer: 2 m/s22\,m/s^22m/s2

2. Momentum of a moving body

 Given: m=20 kgm = 20\,kgm=20kg, v=10 m/sv = 10\,m/sv=10m/s

  Momentum p=m×v=20×10=200 kg m/sp = m \times v = 20 \times 10 =
200\,kg\,m/sp=m×v=20×10=200kgm/s
 Answer: 200 kg m/s200\,kg\,m/s200kgm/s

3. Force required to accelerate car

 Given: m=1200 kgm = 1200\,kgm=1200kg, initial velocity u=0u = 0u=0, final velocity
v=20 m/sv = 20\,m/sv=20m/s, time t=10 st = 10\,st=10s
 Acceleration a=v−ut=20−010=2 m/s2a = \frac{v-u}{t} = \frac{20-0}{10} =
2\,m/s^2a=tv−u=1020−0=2m/s2
 Force F=m×a=1200×2=2400 NF = m \times a = 1200 \times 2 =
2400\,NF=m×a=1200×2=2400N
 Answer: 2400 N2400\,N2400N

4. Momentum of object

 Given: m=50 kgm = 50\,kgm=50kg, v=4 m/sv = 4\,m/sv=4m/s

 Momentum p=50×4=200 kg m/sp = 50 \times 4 = 200\,kg\,m/sp=50×4=200kgm/s
 Answer: 200 kg m/s200\,kg\,m/s200kgm/s

5. Momentum of body

 Given: m=10 kgm = 10\,kgm=10kg, v=15 m/sv = 15\,m/sv=15m/s

 Momentum p=10×15=150 kg m/sp = 10 \times 15 = 150\,kg\,m/sp=10×15=150kgm/s
 Answer: 150 kg m/s150\,kg\,m/s150kgm/s

6. Find acceleration

 Given: F=30 NF = 30\,NF=30N, m=6 kgm = 6\,kgm=6kg

 a=Fm=306=5 m/s2a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{30}{6} = 5\,m/s^2a=mF=630=5m/s2
 Answer: 5 m/s25\,m/s^25m/s2

7. Calculate acceleration when velocity decreases

 Given: Initial velocity u=25 m/su = 25\,m/su=25m/s, final velocity v=5 m/sv =
5\,m/sv=5m/s, time t=8 st = 8\,st=8s
 Acceleration a=v−ut=5−258=−208=−2.5 m/s2a = \frac{v-u}{t} = \frac{5-25}{8} = \
frac{-20}{8} = -2.5\,m/s^2a=tv−u=85−25=8−20=−2.5m/s2
  Negative sign indicates deceleration.
 Answer: −2.5 m/s2-2.5\,m/s^2−2.5m/s2

8. Force on a body when acceleration and mass are given

 Given: m=2 kgm = 2\,kgm=2kg, a=5 m/s2a = 5\,m/s^2a=5m/s2

 Force F=m×a=2×5=10 NF = m \times a = 2 \times 5 = 10\,NF=m×a=2×5=10N
 Answer: 10 N10\,N10N

9. Calculate mass when force and acceleration are given

 Given: F=100 NF = 100\,NF=100N, a=2 m/s2a = 2\,m/s^2a=2m/s2

 Mass m=Fa=1002=50 kgm = \frac{F}{a} = \frac{100}{2} = 50\,kgm=aF=2100=50kg
 Answer: 50 kg50\,kg50kg

10. Calculate mass

 Given: F=50 NF = 50\,NF=50N, a=4 m/s2a = 4\,m/s^2a=4m/s2

 Mass m=504=12.5 kgm = \frac{50}{4} = 12.5\,kgm=450=12.5kg
 Answer: 12.5 kg12.5\,kg12.5kg

11. Momentum of truck

 Given: m=1500 kgm = 1500\,kgm=1500kg, v=30 m/sv = 30\,m/sv=30m/s

 p=1500×30=45000 kg m/sp = 1500 \times 30 = 45000\,kg\,m/sp=1500×30=45000kgm/s
 Answer: 45000 kg m/s45000\,kg\,m/s45000kgm/s

12. Momentum of body

 Given: m=12 kgm = 12\,kgm=12kg, v=3 m/sv = 3\,m/sv=3m/s

 p=12×3=36 kg m/sp = 12 \times 3 = 36\,kg\,m/sp=12×3=36kgm/s
 Answer: 36 kg m/s36\,kg\,m/s36kgm/s

13. Acceleration when force and mass are given

 Given: F=60 NF = 60\,NF=60N, m=15 kgm = 15\,kgm=15kg

 a=6015=4 m/s2a = \frac{60}{15} = 4\,m/s^2a=1560=4m/s2
  Answer: 4 m/s24\,m/s^24m/s2

14. Force on truck accelerating

 Given: m=2000 kgm = 2000\,kgm=2000kg, u=0u=0u=0, v=18 m/sv=18\,m/sv=18m/s,

t=12 st=12\,st=12s
 a=v−ut=1812=1.5 m/s2a = \frac{v-u}{t} = \frac{18}{12} = 1.5\,m/s^2a=tv−u=1218
=1.5m/s2
 F=2000×1.5=3000 NF = 2000 \times 1.5 = 3000\,NF=2000×1.5=3000N
 Answer: 3000 N3000\,N3000N

15. Momentum of car

 Given: m=800 kgm = 800\,kgm=800kg, v=15 m/sv = 15\,m/sv=15m/s

 p=800×15=12000 kg m/sp = 800 \times 15 = 12000\,kg\,m/sp=800×15=12000kgm/s
 Answer: 12000 kg m/s12000\,kg\,m/s12000kgm/s

16. Change in momentum when body stops

 Given: m=5 kgm = 5\,kgm=5kg, initial velocity u=12 m/su = 12\,m/su=12m/s, final
velocity v=0v = 0v=0
 Initial momentum = 5×12=60 kg m/s5 \times 12 = 60\,kg\,m/s5×12=60kgm/s
 Final momentum = 0
 Change in momentum = 60−0=60 kg m/s60 - 0 = 60\,kg\,m/s60−0=60kgm/s
 Answer: 60 kg m/s60\,kg\,m/s60kgm/s

17. Find mass when force and acceleration are given

 Given: F=40 NF = 40\,NF=40N, a=8 m/s2a = 8\,m/s^2a=8m/s2

 m=408=5 kgm = \frac{40}{8} = 5\,kgm=840=5kg
 Answer: 5 kg5\,kg5kg

18. Force to stop a car

 Given: m=1000 kgm = 1000\,kgm=1000kg, initial velocity u=36 km/h=10 m/su =

36\,km/h = 10\,m/su=36km/h=10m/s, final velocity v=0v=0v=0, time t=10 st = 10\,st=10s
 a=v−ut=0−1010=−1 m/s2a = \frac{v-u}{t} = \frac{0-10}{10} = -1\,m/s^2a=tv−u
=100−10=−1m/s2
  F=m×a=1000×(−1)=−1000 NF = m \times a = 1000 \times (-1) = -
1000\,NF=m×a=1000×(−1)=−1000N
 Negative indicates force applied opposite to motion.
 Answer: 1000 N1000\,N1000N (magnitude)

19. Force to accelerate body

 Given: m=4 kgm=4\,kgm=4kg, u=0u=0u=0, v=20 m/sv=20\,m/sv=20m/s, t=4 st=4\,st=4s

 a=20−04=5 m/s2a = \frac{20-0}{4} = 5\,m/s^2a=420−0=5m/s2
 F=4×5=20 NF = 4 \times 5 = 20\,NF=4×5=20N
 Answer: 20 N20\,N20N

20. Acceleration of body

 Given: F=25 NF=25\,NF=25N, m=10 kgm=10\,kgm=10kg

 a=Fm=2510=2.5 m/s2a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{25}{10} = 2.5\,m/s^2a=mF=1025
=2.5m/s2
 Answer: 2.5 m/s22.5\,m/s^22.5m/s2