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One Way ANOVA

One-way ANOVA is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more independent groups to identify significant differences. Key assumptions include independence of observations, normality, homogeneity of variances, and appropriate measurement scales. The document also explains how to run ANOVA, interpret results, and perform post hoc tests, with a specific example analyzing loneliness across different family income levels.

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3 views

One Way ANOVA

One-way ANOVA is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more independent groups to identify significant differences. Key assumptions include independence of observations, normality, homogeneity of variances, and appropriate measurement scales. The document also explains how to run ANOVA, interpret results, and perform post hoc tests, with a specific example analyzing loneliness across different family income levels.

Uploaded by

em680414
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One Way ANOVA

One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is used to compare the means of three or more
independent groups to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between
the group means. Here are the primary assumptions of a one-way ANOVA:
1. Independence of Observations:
o The observations within each group and between groups should be
independent. This means that the data collected from one subject or
experimental unit should not influence the data collected from another.
2. Normality:
o The dependent variable should be approximately normally distributed within
each group.
3. Homogeneity of Variances (Homoscedasticity):
o The variances within each of the groups should be approximately equal.
4. Scale of Measurement:
o The dependent variable should be measured at the interval or ratio level, and
independent variable should be categorical with three or more categories.

How to Run One Way ANOVA


1. Go to the menu bar and select Analyze > Compare Means > One-Way ANOVA.
2. In the One-Way ANOVA dialog box:
o Move your dependent variable to the Dependent List box.
o Move your independent variable to the Factor box.
3. Click on the Options button if you want to include additional statistics, such as:
o Descriptive: Provides means and standard deviations.
o Homogeneity of variance test: Tests whether the assumption of equal
variances is met.
4. Click Continue to return to the One-Way ANOVA dialog box. And then Click OK.
Interpretation from OUTPUT
1. First Check the significance value from ‘Tests of Homogeneity of Variances Table’.
If it is significant then ‘no homogeneity of variance assumed’ and
if it is non-significant then ‘homogeneity of variance assumed’
2. After that check the significance value from ‘ANOVA table’.
If it is significant this indicates there is difference in means of groups (IV)
If it is non-significant this indicated no difference in means of groups (IV)
NOTE: We do additional test named ‘Post Hoc Test’ if there is significant
difference in means of groups after checking the significance value from
‘ANOVA Table’. We do this to check which groups differ from each other

Post Hoc Test


1. Click on the Post Hoc button.
2. Select one post hoc test.
(i) If homogeneity of variance assumed, then
(a) Group sample size equal=LSD
(b) Group sample size not equal= Tukey
(ii) If homogeneity of variance not assumed, then = Games Howell
3. Click Continue to return to the One-Way ANOVA dialog box. Then Click OK to run
the ANOVA.

Eta Squared

Eta squared (η²) is a measure of effect size commonly used in the context of analysis of
variance (ANOVA). It quantifies the proportion of the total variance in a dependent variable
that is associated with the effect of an independent variable or a group of variables. Eta
squared is defined as the ratio of the variance explained by the factor of interest to the total
variance.

The value of η² can be interpreted as indicating the magnitude of the effect.

• Small effect size: η² ≈ 0.01


• Medium effect size: η² ≈ 0.06
• Large effect size: η² ≈ 0.1

Interpretation from OUTPUT


Check the significance value from ‘Multiple Comparisons’ table. Significant value showed
that there is significant difference between those two groups. Then to check in which group,
there is high level of DV, check the means of two groups. Group with more mean had higher
level of DV.
Table No
One Way ANOVA for difference of family income in the level of Loneliness (N=130)
Variable Family Income
20,000 or below 20,000-50,000 50-000- 1 lac 1 lac or above
M SD M SD M SD M SD F (df1,df2) η2
Loneliness Put steric
here on F
value if
significant
Note: M= Mean, SD= Standard deviation, df=degree of freedom, η2=eta squared

One way ANOVA was run to find out the difference of loneliness in different income

levels. Table no showed that there is a significant difference (p < .05) between groups of

family monthly income in loneliness.

Table No
Post Hoc Comparison for Family Income on level of Loneliness
Group Comparison Group Mean
Difference
20,000-50,000 -6.70
20,000 or below 50,000-1lac -1.79
1 lac or above -1.24
20,000 or below 6.70
20,000-50,000 50,000-1lac 4.90*
1 lac or above 5.46*
20,000 or below 1.79
50,000-1lac 20,000-50,000 -4.90*
1 lac or above .55
20,000 or below 1.24
1 lac or above 20,000-50,000 -5.46*
50,000-1lac -.55
Note: * p <.05

Post hoc analysis was run to see which monthly family income category led to highest

level of loneliness. In table no, pair wise comparison of monthly family income groups

showed that women with 20,000-50,000 monthly family income had high level of loneliness

as compared to women with 50,000-1 lac and 1 lac or above monthly family income.

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