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Chapter 3 - Digital Filter Design

Chapter 3 covers digital filter design, focusing on Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters, detailing their properties, design methods, advantages, and disadvantages. It also discusses adaptive filter design, including the selection of filter structure, adaptation algorithms, performance criteria, initialization, update mechanisms, and stability evaluation. The chapter emphasizes the importance of FIR filters for their stability and linear phase response, while IIR filters are highlighted for their efficiency in narrowband filtering.

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3 views

Chapter 3 - Digital Filter Design

Chapter 3 covers digital filter design, focusing on Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters, detailing their properties, design methods, advantages, and disadvantages. It also discusses adaptive filter design, including the selection of filter structure, adaptation algorithms, performance criteria, initialization, update mechanisms, and stability evaluation. The chapter emphasizes the importance of FIR filters for their stability and linear phase response, while IIR filters are highlighted for their efficiency in narrowband filtering.

Uploaded by

huyrooney32
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 3:

DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN

Dinh-Tan Pham, PhD.


Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter Design
▪ FIR filter design is a key technique in digital signal
processing, used for filtering signals in the time domain.
▪ FIR filters are popular due to their inherent stability and
linear phase properties, which means they do not introduce
phase distortion, making them suitable for many
applications, such as communication systems, audio
processing, and control systems.

2
FIR Filter Design
Key Properties of FIR Filters
✓ Finite Impulse Response
✓ Linear Phase Response
✓ Stability

3
FIR Filter Design
FIR Filter Characteristics
✓ An FIR filter is described by its impulse response h(n),
which defines how the filter responds to each input sample.
The filter output y(n) is a convolution of the input signal
x(n) and the filter coefficients (impulse response) h(n).

4
FIR Filter Design
Specify the Filter Requirements
✓ Filter Type
✓ Cutoff Frequency
✓ Filter Order
✓ Transition Band
✓ Passband Ripple
✓ Stopband Ripple

5
FIR Filter Design
Common FIR Filter Design Methods
✓ Windowing Method
✓ Frequency Sampling Method
✓ Parks-McClellan Algorithm (Equi-ripple or Optimal Filter)
✓ Least-Squares Method

6
FIR Filter Design
Verify the Filter Design
✓ Frequency Response
✓ Impulse Response

7
FIR Filter Design
Advantages of FIR Filters
✓ Linear phase response
✓ Guaranteed stability
✓ Easier design for multi-band filters
Disadvantages of FIR Filters
✓ Higher computational complexity
✓ Larger filter order

8
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter Design
▪ Designing filters that can achieve a given frequency
response with a lower filter order compared to FIR filters.
▪ IIR filters are commonly used in applications like audio
processing, communications, and control systems, where
real-time performance and low computational cost are
important.

9
IIR Filter Design
Key Properties of IIR Filters
✓ Infinite Impulse Response
✓ Feedback
✓ Efficient for Narrowband Filtering
✓ Non-linear Phase Response

10
IIR Filter Design
Common IIR Filter Design Methods
✓ Butterworth Filter
✓ Chebyshev Filter
✓ Elliptic (Cauer) Filter
✓ Bessel Filter
✓ Digital Design Using Bilinear Transform
✓ Impulse Invariant Method

11
IIR Filter Design
Advantages of IIR Filters
✓ Efficient for narrowband filters
✓ Low filter order
✓ Suited for real-time applications
Disadvantages of IIR Filters
✓ Non-linear phase response
✓ Stability issues
✓ More complex design

12
Adaptive Filter Design
▪ Adaptive filter design is
the process of constructing
a filter that can adjust its
parameters dynamically to
minimize the difference
between its output and a
desired signal in real-time.

13
Adaptive Filter Design
1. Choose Filter Structure
✓ FIR Filter (Finite Impulse Response)
✓ IIR Filter (Infinite Impulse Response)

14
Adaptive Filter Design
2. Select Adaptation Algorithm
✓ Least Mean Squares (LMS)
✓ Normalized Least Mean Squares (NLMS)
✓ Recursive Least Squares (RLS)
✓ Kalman Filter

15
Adaptive Filter Design
3. Define Performance Criterion
✓ Mean Squared Error (MSE)
✓ Weighted Least Squares (WLS)

16
Adaptive Filter Design
4. Choose Initialization
✓ The filter coefficients and other parameters must be
initialized properly.
✓ In some cases, starting with all-zero coefficients works
well, but in others, some prior knowledge about the system
can be used to initialize the coefficients.

17
Adaptive Filter Design
5. Implement Update Mechanism
✓ Calculating the error between the desired and actual output.
✓ Adjusting the filter coefficients based on the adaptation
algorithm and error.

18
Adaptive Filter Design
6. Evaluate Convergence and Stability
✓ A key factor in adaptive filter design is to ensure that the
algorithm converges to an optimal solution and remains
stable during operation.
✓ The step size and other tuning parameters must be chosen
carefully to balance convergence speed with stability.

19

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