SAMARA UNIVERSITY

College of engineering and technology

Department of civil engineering
Individual Assignment
Course Title:-Steel and Timber Structures
Course Code:-Ceng5123
Student Name:-Lemu Fikadu
Id No:-Su1301255

Samara, Ethiopia
Solution:

Geometry and Combination of action at ULS:

FED(UDL) =γG GK + γQ GQ and FED(PL) =γG GK + γQ GQ

For Concentrated Load GK = 25 (n+2) KN = 25(22) = 550 KN

GQ = 20(n+2) KN = 20(22) = 440 KN.

Uniform Loads: GK = 15 (n+1) KN = 15(21) = 315 KN/m

GQ = 10(n+1) KN = 10(21) = 210 KN/m

Fe 550; f y = 440 N/mm2 (assume t ≤ 40 mm)

Step-1: - Convert working loads to Design loads

FED(UDL) =γG GK + γQ GQ and FED(PL) =γG GK + γQ GQ

Load factored for Dead loads 1.35 & 1.5 for imposed loads

Uniform Loads = 1.35DL + 1.5LL = 1.35*315+1.5*210 = 740.25KN/m

Concentrated Load = 1.35DL + 1.5LL =1.35*550+1.5*440 = 1402.5KN/m

CASE I:- given problem is restrained & stiffened web. Hence lateral torsional buckling need not
to be checked and Beam is unrestrained against lateral movement.

Step-2: - Calculation of maximum bending moment and shear force

 2 2
WL + WL 740.25∗4 6 + 1402.5∗46
M Max = =195796+16128.75=211924.87 KN /m
8 4 8 4

WL W 740.25∗46 1402.5
V Max = + ¿ + =17025.75+701.25=17727 KN
2 2 2 2

My maximum bending moment is so large that I cannot get the cross section and my Required
plastic modulus of section is increasing with it so I added support to our beam to get the cross
section so when I divided my support by my moment I got the cross section.So when I divided
my support I got my maximum bending moment and maximum shear force.

M max=10596.24KNm

V max =886.35KN

Step-3:- Required plastic modulus of section

6
M 10,596.24∗10
W pl = = 24082.36 cm3
fy /γm 1 440 /1

Let’s select trial section 1016x 305 x 584 from universal section having plastic modulus 28000
cm3 and has the following properties

Step-4:- Selection of the profile

ϵ=
Class of section
√ 235
fy

ϵ=
√ 235
440
= 0.73 ¿)/tf and
d
tw
Choose class section

For flange:- outstanding element of compression flange

¿)/tf =¿)/ 64 =4.36 < 11ε =11x0.73 = 8.02 OK Class I Section

For web:- where neutral axis lies at mid height

d 868.0
= =13.56 < 72ε = 72x0.72=52.56 OK Class I section
tw 64.0

Whole section is designed for class I

Step 4. Resistant moment. (for class 2 section).

W pl fy 28000 cm3 x 10−3 x 440

M pl .Rd = = = 12320KN/m
γm 0 1.0

M pl .Rd > M Max , = 12320KN/m >10,596.24KN/m …. OK

Hence safe against moment carrying capacity

Check of self-weight of the beam. (w = 5.72 kN/m)

Factored weight: 1.3 x 5.72 = 7.43 kN/m

Additional moment: (7.43 x 462)/8 = 200.8 kN-m.

Total moment: 10596.24 + 200.8 = 10797.04 kN-m < 12320 kN-m OK.

Step 5: Check for shear.

Maximum shear force, V Sd = 886.35+ (5.72 x 46)/2 = 1019.91 KN.

Shear resistance of section.

d 868.1
= = 26.61< 72*0.73 = 52.56 OK Shear buckling resistance must not be verified.
tw 36

A V (fy / √ 3) 1.04 x 105.6 x 36 x (440/1.73)

Vpl,RD = = =10055.6 KN >1019.91
γm 0 1.0

V Sd 1019.91
And = = 0.12
V pl , RD 10055.6

Step 6: Check for deflection.

4
5wL
For uniformly distributed load δ = ¿ ¿
384 EIy
3
PL
For concentrated load: δ = ¿ ¿ and EIy =2.1x105 x 1246x105=2.2747x1014 Nmm
48 EIy
4 3
5 x 210 x 46 440 x 46
Dead load deflection: δDL = 14 + 14 = 4.12mm
384 x 2.2747 x 10 48 x 2.2747 x 10
4 3
5 x 315 x 46 550 x 46
Imposed load deflection: δLL == 14 + 14 = 5.15mm
384 x 2.2747 x 10 48 x 2.2747 x 10
 L 46000
Allowable deflection for imposed load δ = ¿ ¿ = ¿ ¿ =131.43mm >5.15mm OK
350 350

Total deflection δ max = 4.12mm + 5.15mm = 9.27mm

L 46000
Allowable total deflection δ = ¿ ¿ = ¿ ¿ =184mm > 9.27mm OK
250 250

Step 7: Check for lateral – torsional buckling

c c 314
= = = 4.9<10x0.73 =7.3
tf tf 64

The section is Class 1 and βw =1.

Determination of Mcr.

Lateral support to the beam is provided at the ends at the third points. Therefore the effective
buckling length is
L = span/3 = 46/3= 15.33
The critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling is:

C1 = 1.132 for the worse condition; G = 80 Gpa

G 80000
And 2
=¿ 2 = 0.039
π E π x 210000

√
2 14
π x 2.2747 x 10 81.2 x 106 0.39 x 153332 x 106 x 7150
Mcr = 1.132 2 4
+ 4
=¿5.66x109 N-mm
15333 3343000 x 10 3343000 x 10
 √
2
π x 210000 x 28000
λLT = ¿ =32.01
5.66 x 109
¿

λ1=93.9ε = 93.9x0.731=68.62 and

32.01
λ’LT = 68.62 =0.466 > 0.4

For rolled section curve a is used. Therefore XLT ≤1 =

1 x 1 x 28000 x 440
Mb, Rd = =12320 KNm >10797.04KNm
1.0

Therefore, resistance of the member is adequate in bending.

Step 8;- Check for web crushing (at the support).

Check if bf < 25 tf;- 314 < 25 x 64 = 1600 OK.

σf, Ed =0 at the support ,Then

SY =0.5(2x64 (
√ 314
36
) ) =189 mm and Ry,Rd = (85+189)36x440x10-3/1.0

Ry,Rd = 4181.76 KN >1019.9KN. OK

Step.9;- Check for web crippling.

Crippling resistance:

S s = 85 mm < 0.2 d = 0.2 x 868 = 173.6 mm. OK

Ra,Rd = (0.5x36√ 210000 x 440¿ /1.0

Ra,Rd =3076 KN >1019.9KN

Interaction at mid-span Where the member is also subjected to bending moments, the following
criteria should be satisfied.

(742.5+660) (10797.04)
+ ≤ 1.5 = 1.33 ≤ 1.5 OK
3076 12320

Step.10;-Check for web buckling (at the support). Ss = 85 mm.

2 2
S 85
beff = 0.5√ h + S s
2 2
=0.5√ 8682 +852 + = 4048.6 mm
2 2
Assumptions: Web is partially fixed at top and bottom; thus the effective length is taken no less
than 0.7 d

l = 0.7 x 868 mm = 607.6 mm.

i 36
= =10.39
√12 √12
607.6
λ = 10.39 = 58.48;
√ 58.48
λ1 =93.9ε =93.9 235 = 68.62; λ’ = 68.62 = 0.85
440

= 3.36 >1.2 and tf ≤40mm

h 1056
=
b 314

Using buckling curve c for solid section χ = 0.3848

A=314x36=11304mm2

Ra,Rd =(0.3985x1x11304x440)/1.0 = 1982.04 KN > 1019.91KN OK

Step 11. Check for flange induced buckling.

c 314
= = 4.9<10ε Therefore, flange is class 1; k=0.3
tf 64

d 868
=
tw 36
= 24.11< 0.3(
440
)
√
210000 1056 x 36
314 x 64
= 196; 24.11< 196 OK

Step 12. Check for transverse force on the web.

 h 868
( −tf ) ( −64)
Msd 2 10797.04 2
σx, Ed = = x = 390 N/mm2 Take Ss=85mm
Wel h 23600 868
2 2

Fsd (742.5+660)
σz, Ed = = = 260 N/mm2
( Ss+tf )tw (85+64 )36

Therefore;

[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
2 2 2 2
390 260 390 260
+ - =0.558<1 OK
440 440 440 440