PRACTICAL NO.

5
AIM :- Submit your observations along With your comments on solid waste
disposal plants By viewing the relevant video/simulation.

Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the

United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items
that are discarded by the public. “Garbage” can also refer specifically to food waste,
as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the
European Union, the semantic definition is ‘mixed municipal waste, given waste
code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate
from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional
role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have
produced the particular etymology ‘municipal’.
How Does solid disposal plant work?

1. In the wake of entering the field, the city solid waste will be dumped on the
release stage, and afterward shipped off the scale plate feeder by the
container. The uniform appropriating machine and scale plate feeder are
facilitated with one another to rotational, which assumes a part in uniform
dispersing, to guarantee that the subsequent gear can work ordinarily and
effectively.

2. After consistently appropriated, the solid waste is shipped off the manual
arranging stage by belt transport, where the laborers will sort and choose the
huge items (quilts, cotton garments, trunk, branches, long sticks, block and
stones, bottles, and so forth) and risky waste. The pack breaker can separate
the trash enclosed by plastic sacks for additional arranging.

3. After orchestrated by manual, the rubbish will be sent into assessing

machine by belt transport for screening treatment. According to the specific
essential, we set the sifter plate distance across of the rotational screening
machine as 50mm. The machine can isolate the rubbish into two segments:
enormous than 50mm and more humble than 50mm. The garbage more
unassuming than 50mm is dominatingly normal matter, and the iron articles
in this piece of characteristic matter can be picked out by the hanging alluring
separator, and a short time later is directly sent into excrement workshop for
treatment.

4. The iron materials greater than 50mm (essentially iron beverage containers
and iron containers) can be sorted out by alluring allotment. Then the other
waste greater than 50mm is sent into winnowing machine by the belt for
wind treatment. The careful winnowing machine can sort the rubbish on the
screen out and parcel into three segments: the light plastic waste; strong
materials (squares and tones, versatile shoes, tiles, glass, etc); discretionary
profound materials (hard plastic, materials, flexible things, wet paper things,
etc)
What Can We Get from the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Plant?

Since the municipal solid disposal /treatment plant is likewise called MSW
separation machine, we, obviously, will get ordered trash from it. The isolated trash
bin be sold straightforwardly or further handled by related machines to deliver
helpful assets with greater costs and qualities, which can make extraordinary
benefits for our clients.
Composition
Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper (most can
be recycled, although some difficult to compost plant material may be excluded
Recyclable materials: paper, cardboard, glass, bottles, jars, tin cans, aluminum cans,
aluminum foil, metals, certain plastics, textiles, clothing, tires, batteries, etc. Inert
waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt, rocks, debris Electrical and
electronic waste (WEEE) – electrical appliances, light bulbs, washing
Machines, TVs, computers, screens, mobile phones, alarm clocks, watches, etc.
Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Pack food and drink cartons, waste plastics
such as toys and plastic garden furniture Hazardous waste including most paints,
chemicals, tires, batteries, light bulbs, electrical appliances, fluorescent lamps,
aerosol spray cans, and fertilizers Toxic waste including pesticides, herbicides, and
fungicides Biomedical waste, expired pharmaceutical drugs, etc.

Components of solid waste management

The municipal solid waste industry has four components : recycling,
composting, disposal, and waste-to-energy via incineration.
There is no single approach that can be applied to the management of all waste
streams, therefore the Environmental Protection Agency, a U.S. federal government
agency, developed a hierarchy ranking strategy for municipal solid waste.
The waste management hierarchy is made up of four levels ordered from most
preferred to least preferred methods based on their environmental soundness:
Source reduction and reuse; recycling or composting; energy recovery; treatment
and disposal.

Collection
The functional element of collection includes not only the gathering of solid
waste and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after
collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied. This location may
be a materials processing facility, a transfer station or a landfill disposal site.
 Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source Waste
handling and separation involves activities associated with waste manage- ment
until the waste is placed in storage containers for collection. Handling also
encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection.
Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling
and storage of solid waste at the source of collection.
Segregation and processing and transformation of solid wastes: The types of
means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that have
been separated at the source include curbside ('kerbside' in the UK) collection,
drop-off and buy-back centers. The separation and processing of wastes that have
been separated at the source and the separation of commingled wastes usually
occur at a materials recovery facility, transfer stations, combustion facilities and
treatment plants.

Transfer and transport

This element involves two main steps. First, the waste is transferred from a
smaller collection vehicle to larger transport equipment. The waste is then
transported, usually over long distances, to a processing or disposal site.

Energy Development
Municipal solid waste can be used to generate energy. Several tech- nologies
have been developed that make the processing of MSW for energy generation
cleaner and more economical than ever before, including landfill gas capture,
combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and plasma arc gasification. While older waste
incineration plants emitted a lot of pollutants, recent regulatory changes and new
technologies have significantly reduced this concern. United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) regulations in 1995 and 2000 under the Clean Air Act have
succeeded in reducing emissions of dioxins from waste-to-energy facilities by more
than 99 percent below 1990 levels, while mercury emissions have been reduced by
over 90 percent. The EPA noted these improvements in 2003, citing waste-to-
energy as a power source “with less environmental impact than almost any other
source of electricity”
Disposal
Today, the disposal of wastes by land filling or land spread- ing is the ultimate
fate of all solid wastes, whether they are residential wastes collected and
transported directly to a landfill site, residual materials from materials recovery
facilities (MRFs), residue from the combustion of solid waste, compost, or other
substances from various solid waste processing facilities. A modern sanitary landfill
is not a dump; it is an engineered facility used for disposing of solid wastes on land
without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, such as the
problems of insects and the contamination of ground water.
Reusing
In the recent years environmental organizations, such as Free cycle Network,
have been gaining popularity for their online reuse networks. These networks
provide a worldwide online registry of unwanted items that would otherwise be
thrown away, for individuals and nonprofits to reuse or recycle. Therefore, this free
Internet-based service reduces landfill pollution and promotes the gift economy.
Landfills
Landfills are created by land dumping. Land dumping methods vary, most
commonly it involves the mass dumping of waste into a designated area, usually a
hole or side hill. After the waste is dumped, it is then compacted by large machines.
When the dumping cell is full, it is then “sealed” with a plastic sheet and covered in
several feet of dirt. This is the primary method of dumping in the United States
because of the low cost and abundance of unused land in North America. Landfills
are regulated in the US by the Environmental Protection Agency, which enforces
standards provided in the Resource Conservation Recovery Act, such as requiring
liners and groundwater monitoring. This is because landfills pose the threat of
pollution and can contaminate ground water. The signs of pollution are effectively
masked by disposal companies and it is often hard to see any evidence. Usually
landfills are surrounded by large walls or fences hiding the mounds of debris. Large
amounts of chemical odor eliminating agent are sprayed in the air surrounding
landfills to hide the evidence of the rotting waste inside the plant.