Minia University Mechatronics Eng. & Ind. Rob Prog. Faculty of En, neering ! Course: Power Generation Systems Code: PEEn. 221 2™¢ Term - Final Exam ne Allowed: 3 Hrs Tune, 2023 Date: &/ 06/2023 > This is a close book exam. Onl thermodynamics tables and calculator are permitted Attempt Answer All The Following Questions Fall Mark: 70 Question No. 1 15 Marks 1- Explain Reheat-Regenerative feed heating cycle with neat sketch and draw the cycle onh-s and T-s diagram | derive thermal efficiency, 2+ Explain with neat sketch Working of steam and Gas combined cycle power plant. Give advantages of combined cycle power plant 3- Consider a combined gas-steam power eycle shown in ‘Conbaon Figure. The topping cycle is a simple Brayton cycle that ® Se @ has a pressure ratio off7,)Air enters the compressor at 15°C at a rate of 17.1 kg/s and the gas turbine at 950°C. The can ce. | bottoming cycle is a reheat Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 6 MPa and 10 kPa. Steam is heated in a heat exchanger at a rate of 1.15 kg/s by the exhaust gases leaving the gas turbine and the exhaust gases leave the heat exchanger at 200°C. Steam leaves the high-pressure turbine at 1.0 MPa and is reheated to 400°C in the heat exchanger before it expands in the low pressure turbine. Assuming 80 percent isentropic efficiency for all pumps and turbine, determine: (a) The moisture content at the exit of the turbine, (b) The steam temperature at the inlet of the high-pressure turbine, (c) The net power output and the thermal efficiency of the combined plant. Question No. 2 15 Marks 1- Derive the expression work done and efficiency for Ideal Brayton eycle of Gas turbine, Prove that the efficiency of an ideal Brayton cycle atthe optimum pressure ratio is @ function of minimum and maximum temperatures only, and independent of the working fluid, B- Figure 2 shows a gas-turbine plant operates on an ideal Brayton cycle with two-stages of #) compression and two-stages of expansion, The pressure ratio across each stage of the compressor and each stage of turbine is 3. The Working fluid is air. The air enters the first and the second stages of the compressor at 300 K_ and 350 K, and the first and the second stages of the turbine at 1400 K and 1300 K. The Tegenerator used in this cycle has an effectiveness of 75%. Using variable specific heats with temperature, determine: (a) Exit temperature for each compressor and each turbine (72, Ts, Ts, Ts). (b) The temperature before heat addition process (79). (c) The thermal efficiency and the second law efficiency of the cycle. Draw the T-s diagram for the cycle. Page 1/21- Hydro power is a large and well established renewable energy source. Discuss some of the most important advantages of Hydro power over wind and photovoltaic. 2- Draw a figure of a high head hydroelectric power plant and mark its head H. 3- Consider a typical fission reactor fueled by neutron induced uranium chain reaction. What is the role of a control rod in the fission reactor? 4- Discuss the various factors to be considered while selecting the site for nuclear power station. Di advantages and disadvantages. 5- What are the different components of a nuclear power plant ? Explain the working of a nuclear power plant. IVhat are the different fuels used in such a power plant 2 6- The plant layout of a proposed (PWR) power plant and the operating pressures temps are shown in Figure. Calculate: (i) The ratio of the mass flow rates of the water substance in the primary circuit to that of secondary circuit. (ii) The fraction of steam bled for feed heating m), m., and (iii) The ideal cycle efficiency, Nace Assume , hs = hy, hio= he, hin = hz “USS its estion 4 20 Marks 1- Discuss the differences between Pelton, Francis and Kapian turbines and type of power plants they are suitable . Why the inward flow reaction turbines have superseeded the outward flow turbines ? 2- What are the major components of wind energy conversion systems? 3- What is meant by water hammering effect? How it is minimized with the help of surge tank? 4- What are the advantages of multistage compression with intercooling over single stage compression for the same pressure ratio. 5- Name five factors that we need to consider for utilising solar energy power, + a geothermal supply of hot water available as saturated liquid at P|=1.5 MPa and mass flow rate of 1000kg/s. The saturated liquid is to be throttled to some lower pressure, P2=100 kPa. The saturated vapor enters a heat exchanger and heat transfer takes place betwcen saturated liquid and saturated vapor. It is assumed that there is no entropy change through the process of ground water in heat exchanger. Separax Vapor is expanded through a reversible adiabatic turbine to the exhaust pressure, Ps =10 kPa and the quality at exit state of ideal turbine is 0.9285, a) Draw the T-s diagram for the cycle. b) Calculate the isentropic turbine work output rate, ¢) Assume that the exit state of the actual turbine is saturated vapor, Calculate the eff d) Calculate thermal efficiency. \Geornermal suppiy or horwater End of Exam Page 2/2 y With best wishes ry.