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abstract algebra

The document is an examination paper for the Bachelor of Science with Education program at Kyambogo University, specifically for the SMT 324 (Abstract Algebra) course. It contains instructions for answering questions, a total of six questions with specific topics related to group theory, cyclic groups, homomorphisms, and ring theory. Students are required to answer four questions, each carrying 25 marks, within a 3-hour time limit.

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1 views

abstract algebra

The document is an examination paper for the Bachelor of Science with Education program at Kyambogo University, specifically for the SMT 324 (Abstract Algebra) course. It contains instructions for answering questions, a total of six questions with specific topics related to group theory, cyclic groups, homomorphisms, and ring theory. Students are required to answer four questions, each carrying 25 marks, within a 3-hour time limit.

Uploaded by

SulaKimuli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE WITH EDUCATION

YEAR ONE SEMISTER ONE EXAMINATIONS 2023

SMT 324 (ABSTRACT ALGEBRA)

TIME : 3HOURS

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY:


(i) This examination consists of 6 (six) question

(ii) Answer only 4 (four) questions. Only the first four questions
answered will be marked. Each question carries 25 marks.

(iii) Indicate the questions answered on the examination answer


books provided

(iv) Mathematical tables with a list of formulae and silent non-


programmable calculators may be used.

Number all your solutions in the examination answer book.


Question one
(a) Define the concept of a group as applied to abstract
Algebra. (04)
2𝜋 2𝜋
(b) Define 𝐸𝑛 = {𝜃𝑛 : 𝑖 = 0,1,2, … , 𝑛 − 1} where 𝜃𝑛 = cos + 𝑖 sin .
𝑛 𝑛
𝑗 𝑗+𝑘
Define 𝜃𝑛
° 𝜃𝑛𝑘
= 𝜃𝑛 where ° refers to the ordinary
multiplication of complex numbers. Show that (𝐸𝑛 , °) is a
group. (10)
(c) Prove the following for any group (𝐺,∗).
(i) The identity element is unique. (03)
(ii) (𝑎𝑏) = 𝑏 𝑎 .
−1 −1 −1
(03)
(d) Let 𝐺 = (ℂ,×) where ℂ is the set of complex numbers and × is
the usual multiplication of complex numbers. Define
(e) 𝑉 = {𝑎 ∈ ℂ: |𝑎| ∈ ℚ} where ℚ is the set of rational numbers.
Show that 𝑉 is a subgroup of ℂ. (05)
Question two
(a) State and prove Lagrange’s theorem. (05)
(b) (i) Define a cyclic group. (01)
(ii) Prove that a group of prime order is cyclic. (04)
(c) (i) Let ℤ be the integers. Define ℤ𝑛 = {[0], [1], [2], … [𝑛 − 1]}
where 𝑎 ∈ [𝑏] means 𝑛|(𝑎 − 𝑏). Show that ℤ𝑛 fails to be a
group under the product [𝑎][𝑏] = [𝑎𝑏]. (03)
(ii) What pieces of ℤ𝑛 form a group under the product
[𝑎][𝑏] = [𝑎𝑏]. (01)
(iii) Show that the pieces you have named in (ii) above satisfy
the group axioms. (06)
(d) Define the Euler function 𝜑. (01)
(e) Evaluate
(i) 𝜑(8) (01)
(ii) 𝜑(15) (02)
Question three
(a) Let (𝐺,∗) and (𝐺′, °) be two groups. What is meant by a group
homomorphism of the groups (𝐺,∗) and (𝐺 ′ , °). (01)
(b) Let 𝐺 be any group and 𝐴(𝐺) be the set of all 1-1 mappings of
𝐺 onto itself. Define 𝑇𝑎 : 𝐺 → 𝐺 by 𝑇𝑎 (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝐺 and
𝜑: 𝐺 → 𝐴(𝐺) 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝜑(𝑎) = 𝑇𝑎 . Show that
(i) 𝑇𝑎 𝑇𝑏 = 𝑇𝑎𝑏 (04)
(ii) 𝜑 as defined in above is a homomorphism. (04)
(c) Let 𝜑: 𝐺 → 𝐺′ be a group homomorphism. Show that
(i) 𝜑(𝑒) = 𝑒′ where 𝑒 and 𝑒′ are the units in 𝐺 and
𝐺’ respectively. (03)

(ii) 𝜑(𝑎−1 ) = 𝜑(𝑎)−1 for all 𝑎 ∈ 𝐺. (03)

(d) Let 𝜑: 𝐺 → 𝐺′ be a group homomorphism.

(i) Define 𝐾𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝜑. (01)

(ii) Show that 𝑎−1 𝐾𝑒𝑟 𝜑 𝑎 ⊆ 𝐾𝑒𝑟 𝜑 for all 𝑎 ∈ 𝐺. Comment on

this result. (04)

(e) Let (𝐺,∗) be a group. When do we say that N is normal in G?


(01)

(f) let 𝐺 = (ℂ,×) and 𝐺′ = (ℝ+ ,×). Define 𝜑 from 𝐺 to 𝐺’ by 𝜑(𝑎) = |𝑎|.
State the elements of kernel of 𝜑 in

(i) modulus and argument form (02)

(ii) exponential form. (02)

Question four

(a) (i) Let 𝐺 be a group and 𝑁 be normal in 𝐺. What is meant by

the factor (quotient group) of G by N. (01)


(ii) Show that G by N is a group under the product

[𝑎][𝑏] = [𝑎𝑏]. (05)

(c) Let 𝐺 be a group and 𝐻 ⊆ 𝐺 be a subgroup. Also let 𝑁 ⊆ 𝐺 be


normal in 𝐺.

(i) Define 𝐻𝑁 = {ℎ𝑛: ℎ ∈ 𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}. Show that 𝐻𝑁 is a


subgroup of 𝐺 and that (04)

(ii) 𝐻 ∩ 𝑁 is normal in 𝐻. (04)

(d) Let 𝜎 = (𝑖1 𝑖2 𝑖3 … 𝑖𝑘 ) be a cycle in 𝑆𝑛 where 𝑆𝑛 is the


symmetric group of degree 𝑛.

(i) What is meant by a cycle in 𝑆𝑛 . (01)

(ii) orbit of 𝑖𝑘 in 𝜎. (01)

(e) Let 𝜎 = (3 4 5 6) and 𝜏 = (1 2 7 8 ) be cycles in 𝑆9 . Show that 𝜎


and 𝜏 commute. (04)

(f) Decompose the following permutations in 𝑆8 into disjoint


cycles.

(i) (3 2 4 5 1 6 7 8) (03)

(ii) (4 2 3 5 1 8 7 6) (02)

Question five

(a) What are the defining axioms of a ring? (08)

(b) State any two major differences between a ring and a field.
(02)

(c) Show that the set of all 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrices under the usual
addition and multiplication of matrices is a non-commutative
ring with unit. (10)

(d) (i) Define a homomorphism as applied to rings. (02)


(ii) Show that the homomorphic image of a ring is a subring.
(03)

END

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